Poly-β-(1,6)-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), the chief mediator of intercellular adhesion in many bacteria, plays an important role in biofilm formation. The pgaABCD locus was recognized from the whole genome sequence of...Poly-β-(1,6)-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), the chief mediator of intercellular adhesion in many bacteria, plays an important role in biofilm formation. The pgaABCD locus was recognized from the whole genome sequence of A. junii SH205. The enzyme glycosyltransferase, PgaC, catalyzes the production of PNAG with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine monomer. In this study, the possibility of PNAG biosynthesis in A. junii SH205 with its own PgaC was explored with the aid of bioinformatics. Multiple alignments of PgaC sequences of different bacteria were used to identify conserved amino acid residues that might be critical for the functioning of the protein. Three-dimensional model of A. junii SH205 PgaC was generated for spatial visualization of amino acid residues. The analyses have shown that the protein PgaC has five conserved amino acids, Asp<sup>140</sup>, Asp<sup>233</sup>, Gln<sup>269</sup>, Arg<sup>272</sup> and Trp<sup>273</sup>, critical for the activity of enzyme. Interaction of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine within the conserved pocket of glycosyltransferase was explored from molecular docking studies.展开更多
Low availability of phosphorus(P) is a major constraint for optimal crop production, as P is mostly present in its insoluble form in soil. Therefore,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB) from paddy field soils of the I...Low availability of phosphorus(P) is a major constraint for optimal crop production, as P is mostly present in its insoluble form in soil. Therefore,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB) from paddy field soils of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, India were isolated, and their abundance was attempted to be correlated with the physicochemical characteristics of the soils. Ninety-four PSB were isolated on Pikovskaya’s agar medium, and quantitative phosphate solubilization was evaluated using NBRIP medium. The isolates solubilized P up to a concentration of 1 006 μg mL-1 from tricalcium phosphate with the secretion of organic acids. These isolates were identified by 16 S rRNA gene sequence comparison, and they belonged to Gammaproteobacteria(56 isolates),Firmicutes(28 isolates), Actinobacteria(8 isolates), and Alphaproteobacteria(2 isolates). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identification by clustering the isolates in the clade of the respective reference organisms. The correlation analysis between PSB abundance and physicochemical characteristics revealed that the PSB population increased with increasing levels of soil organic carbon, insoluble P, K+, and Mg2+. The promising PSB explored in this study can be further evaluated for their biofertilizer potential in the field and for their use as potent bio-inoculants.展开更多
This paper reports the results of an investigation carried out on clay soil stabilized with pond ash(PA),rice husk ash(RHA) and cement. Modified Proctor compaction tests were performed in order to investigate the comp...This paper reports the results of an investigation carried out on clay soil stabilized with pond ash(PA),rice husk ash(RHA) and cement. Modified Proctor compaction tests were performed in order to investigate the compaction behavior of clay, and California bearing ratio(CBR) tests were performed to determine the strength characteristics of clay. For evaluation purpose, the specimens containing different amounts of admixtures were prepared. Clay was replaced with PA and RHA at a dosage of 30%e45% and5%e20%, respectively. The influence of stabilizer types and dosages on mechanical properties of clay was evaluated. In order to study the surface morphology and crystallization characteristics of the soil samples, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analyses were carried out,respectively. The results obtained indicated a decrease in the maximum dry density(MDD) and a simultaneous increase in the optimum moisture content(OMC) with the addition of PA and RHA.Multiple linear regression analysis(MLRA) showed that the predicted values of CBR tests are in good agreement with the experimental values. Developed stabilized soil mixtures showed satisfactory strength and can be used for construction of embankments and stabilization of sub-grade soil. The use of locally available soils, PA, RHA, and cement in the production of stabilized soils for such applications can provide sustainability for the local construction industry.展开更多
This study described the structural, dielectric, and piezoelectric behavior of Pb1-xSrx[（Zr0.52Ti0.48）0.95（Mn1/3Nb2/3）0.05]O3 ceramics （PSZT-PMN, x=0, 0.025, 0.050, and 0.075）, prepared by a semi-wet route. X-ra...This study described the structural, dielectric, and piezoelectric behavior of Pb1-xSrx[（Zr0.52Ti0.48）0.95（Mn1/3Nb2/3）0.05]O3 ceramics （PSZT-PMN, x=0, 0.025, 0.050, and 0.075）, prepared by a semi-wet route. X-ray diffraction, dielectric, and piezoelectric investigations were carried out to analyze the crystal structure. The relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss were both calculated as the functions of temperature. The room-temperature dielectric constant reaches a maximum for a Sr2＋-modified PZT-PMN ceramic with an x value of 0.050, which corresponds to the morphotropic phase boundary （MPB）. Raman spectroscopy studies also confirm the existence of this MPB for x=0.050. The piezoelectric strain coefficients （d33） value shows a maximum response for this composition. In addition, the phase transition temperature decreases significantly when the Sr2＋concentration increases in the PZT-PMN ceramics.展开更多
Background Globally, the number of internet users has crossed the three-billion mark, while in India users grew over 17% in the first 6 months of 2015 to 354 million. This study presented a background on internet use ...Background Globally, the number of internet users has crossed the three-billion mark, while in India users grew over 17% in the first 6 months of 2015 to 354 million. This study presented a background on internet use and the existence of excessive internet use. Aim To study the extent of internet use in 11th and 12th grade students and the psychopathology, if any, associated with excessive internet use. Methods 426 students who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from 11 th and 12th grade classes from Kendriya Vidyalaya, New Delhi, India, and were assessed by Young's Internet Addiction Test and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results Among the 426 students, the mean internet addiction total score was 36.63 (20.78), which indicated mild level of internet addiction. 1.41%(six students) was diagnosed as excessive internet users, while 30.28% and 23.94% were classified as moderate and mild internet users, respectively. The prevalence of internet addiction between gender was 58.22% in males and 41.78% in females. While both positive (prosocial) and negative (hyperactivity, emotional, conduct and peer problem) impacts of internet use were reported by students, in the current study excessive use of internet had a negative impact on students' lives as compared with positive impact, which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion Excessive internet use led to abnormal behaviours which cause negative consequences to users. Early diagnosis of risk factors related to excessive internet use, provides education about responsible use and supervision of students by family members.展开更多
In the present study,organically modified Montmorillonite clay with polar moiety,the Cloisite 30B,is used for preparation of Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)-clay nanocomposites(HCN)by dispersion of nanoclay in...In the present study,organically modified Montmorillonite clay with polar moiety,the Cloisite 30B,is used for preparation of Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)-clay nanocomposites(HCN)by dispersion of nanoclay in polymer matrix under high shear mixing.The nanocomposites thus prepared are evaluated in composite propellants as inhibitor material for their functional utility.Several inhibition formulations containing 5 wt%-15 wt%of nanoclay,with or without the conventional filler Sb2O3,were prepared.All these formulations were evaluated for their physical,mechanical,thermal,and ablative properties.Ablation rate and density of the compositions containing Cloisite 30B is around 23%and 5%lower respectively in comparison of the base composition.Strain capability of these compositions is twofold higher than that of base composition.These compositions have also been evaluated for their smoke generation tendency by measuring infra red(IR)attenuation in the wavelength range 1.3 mm e5.6 mm and 8 mme13 mm and thereby compared with the base composition.The corresponding results confirmed that the compositions containing Cloisite 30B as filler have much lower IR attenuation than compositions with conventional filler,Sb2O3.Replacement of 5%Sb2O3 by nanoclay showed 8%reduction in IR attenuation rate which further reduced to 16%on replacement of 15%of Sb2O3.Interfacial bonding of HCN based inhibitors is also comparable or even better than conventional inhibitors.Precisely,the nanoclay composites with Cloisite 30B as filler exhibit all desirable properties of an inhibitor.展开更多
We explored the possibility of using ionic liquids (ILs) as medium for efficient extraction of agarose via dissolution of red algae under varying conditions of heating or microwave irradiation. As compared to conventi...We explored the possibility of using ionic liquids (ILs) as medium for efficient extraction of agarose via dissolution of red algae under varying conditions of heating or microwave irradiation. As compared to conventional methods, a very high extraction yield of good quality agarose (as high as 39 wt%) could be achieved depending upon the nature of used IL and applied experimental conditions. Purity of extracted agarose was confirmed from various spectral and analytical techniques, such as 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, circular dichroism (CD), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The physicochemical properties, such as gelling or melting temperature, viscosity and gel strength of extracted agarose hydrogels have been measured and compared with the agarose obtained from similar source reported in the literature. ILs were recovered after the extraction of agarose and were reused for further extraction experiments. % Recycling and extraction ability of recycled ILs in different cycles have been measured. The developed extraction process of utilizing ILs as medium is easy, simple and highly efficient as compared to the conventional methods of agarose extraction from algae.展开更多
Ring footings are suitable for the structures like tall transmission towers, chimneys, silos and oil storages.These types of structures are susceptible to horizontal loads(wind load) in addition to their dead weight.I...Ring footings are suitable for the structures like tall transmission towers, chimneys, silos and oil storages.These types of structures are susceptible to horizontal loads(wind load) in addition to their dead weight.In the literature, very little or no effort has been made to study the effect of ring footing resting on reinforced sand when subjected to eccentric, inclined and/or eccentric-inclined loadings. This paper aims to study the behavior of ring footing resting on loose sand and/or compacted randomly distributed fiberreinforced sand(RDFS) when subjected to eccentric(0 B, 0.05 B and 0.1 B, where B is the outer diameter of ring footing), inclined(0°,5°,10°, 15°,-5°,-10° and-15°)and eccentric-inclined loadings by using a finite element(FE) software PLAXIS 3 D. The behavior of ring footing is studied by using a dimensionless factor called reduction factor(RF). The numerical model used in the PLAXIS 3 D has been validated by conducting model plate load tests. Moreover, an empirical expression using regression analysis has been presented which will be helpful in plotting a load-settlement curve for the ring footing.展开更多
Near isogenic lines carrying large-effect QTL （qtl2.1）, which has a consistent influence on grain yield under upland drought stress conditions in a wide range of environments, were evaluated under water stress in th...Near isogenic lines carrying large-effect QTL （qtl2.1）, which has a consistent influence on grain yield under upland drought stress conditions in a wide range of environments, were evaluated under water stress in the fields. The line which gave higher yield under drought was crossed with a local elite line, PMK3, and forwarded to F2：3 generation. Significant variation was found among the F2：3 lines for agronomic traits under water stress in the fields. Low to high broad sense heritability （H） for investigated traits was also found. Water stress indicators such as leaf rolling and leaf drying were negatively correlated with plant height, biomass and grain yield under stress. Bulked segregant analysis （BSA） was performed with the markers in the vicinity of qUl2.1, and RM27933 was found to be segregated perfectly well in individual components of drought resistant and drought susceptible bulks which were bulked based on yield under water stress among F2：3 lines. Hence, this simple and breeder friendly marker, RM27933, may be useful as a potentially valuable candidate marker for the transfer of the QTL qtl12.1 in the regional breeding program. Bioinformatic analysis of the DNA sequence of the qtl12.1 region was also done to identify and analyze positional candidate genes associated with this QTL and to ascertain the putative molecular basis of qUl2.1.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to define the concept of mixed saddle point for a vector-valued Lagrangian of the non-smooth multiobjective vector-valued constrained optimization problem and establish the equivalence of ...The purpose of this paper is to define the concept of mixed saddle point for a vector-valued Lagrangian of the non-smooth multiobjective vector-valued constrained optimization problem and establish the equivalence of the mixed saddle point and an efficient solution under generalized (V, p)-invexity assumptions.展开更多
Stroke is the world’s second leading cause of death and a major cause of adult disability.Among the different kinds of stroke,ischemic stroke is the most widely prevalent type,causing high morbidity and mortality wor...Stroke is the world’s second leading cause of death and a major cause of adult disability.Among the different kinds of stroke,ischemic stroke is the most widely prevalent type,causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide（Moskowitz et al.,2010）.展开更多
Specimens of Pb1-1.5xLax（Zr0.53 Ti0.47）1-y-zFeyNb2O3 （x = 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.012, and 0.016, y = z = 0.01） （PZTFN） ceramics were synthesized by a semi-wet route. In the present study, the effect of La doping was...Specimens of Pb1-1.5xLax（Zr0.53 Ti0.47）1-y-zFeyNb2O3 （x = 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.012, and 0.016, y = z = 0.01） （PZTFN） ceramics were synthesized by a semi-wet route. In the present study, the effect of La doping was investigated on the structural, microstructural, dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics. The results show that, the tetragonal （space group P4mm） and rhombohedral （space group R3c） phases are observed to coexist in the sample at x = 0.012. Microstructural investigations of all the samples reveal that La doping inhibits grain growth. Doping of La into PZTFN improves the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. The hys- teresis loops of all specimens exhibit nonlinear behavior. The dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties show a maximum response atx 〉 0.012, which corresponds to the morphotropic phase boundary （MPB）.展开更多
The behavior of soluble salts contained in the municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI) ash significantly affects the strength development and hardening reaction when stabilized with cement.The present study focuses on...The behavior of soluble salts contained in the municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI) ash significantly affects the strength development and hardening reaction when stabilized with cement.The present study focuses on the compaction and strength behavior of mixed specimens of cement and MSWI ash.A series of indices such as unconfined compressive strength,split tensile strength,California bearing ratio(CBR) and pH value was examined.Prior to this,the specimens were cured for 7 d,14 d,and 28 d.The test results depict that the maximum dry density(MDD) decreases and the optimum moisture content(OMC)increases with the addition of cement.The test results also reveal that the cement increases the strength of the mixed specimens.Thus,the combination of MSWI ash and cement can be used as a lightweight filling material in different structures like embankment and road construction.展开更多
Sr^2＋ modified polycrystalline PZT-PMN ceramics were synthesized by a semi-wet route. Impedance spectroscopy studies indicate the bulk and grain boundary effects of PZT-PMN material along with the negative temperatur...Sr^2＋ modified polycrystalline PZT-PMN ceramics were synthesized by a semi-wet route. Impedance spectroscopy studies indicate the bulk and grain boundary effects of PZT-PMN material along with the negative temperature coefficient of resistance. The bulk conductiv-ity exhibits an Arrhenius-type thermally activated hopping process which is supported by the AC conductivity behavior as a function of fre-quency and temperature. It is observed that the remnant polarization increases with an increase in the Sr2＋content in PZT-PMN.展开更多
The earthquake precursors and earthquake prediction are the burning issue among the community of earth scientists and engineers. Studies of earthquake precursory phenomena since the last several decades have shown tha...The earthquake precursors and earthquake prediction are the burning issue among the community of earth scientists and engineers. Studies of earthquake precursory phenomena since the last several decades have shown that significant geophysical and geochemical changes may occur prior to intermediate and large earthquakes （Hartmann and Levy, 2005; Yang et al, 2005; Einarsson et al, 2008; Italiano et al, 2008; Kumar et al, 2009）. Among the more intensely investigated geochemical phenomena there have been changes in the concentrations of dissolved ions and gases in groundwater as well as variations in the concentrations of crustal and mantle volatiles in ground gases.展开更多
Component-based software engineering is concerned with the develop-ment of software that can satisfy the customer prerequisites through reuse or inde-pendent development.Coupling and cohesion measurements are primaril...Component-based software engineering is concerned with the develop-ment of software that can satisfy the customer prerequisites through reuse or inde-pendent development.Coupling and cohesion measurements are primarily used to analyse the better software design quality,increase the reliability and reduced system software complexity.The complexity measurement of cohesion and coupling component to analyze the relationship between the component module.In this paper,proposed the component selection framework of Hexa-oval optimization algorithm for selecting the suitable components from the repository.It measures the interface density modules of coupling and cohesion in a modular software sys-tem.This cohesion measurement has been taken into two parameters for analyz-ing the result of complexity,with the help of low cohesion and high cohesion.In coupling measures between the component of inside parameters and outside parameters.Thefinal process of coupling and cohesion,the measured values were used for the average calculation of components parameter.This paper measures the complexity of direct and indirect interaction among the component as well as the proposed algorithm selecting the optimal component for the repository.The better result is observed for high cohesion and low coupling in compo-nent-based software engineering.展开更多
Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in ...Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpatient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.展开更多
An attempt was made to explore the scope of the bio-antioxidants in the management of symptoms of epidemic dropsy caused by argemone alkaloids, sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine. The study was performed on 24 rando...An attempt was made to explore the scope of the bio-antioxidants in the management of symptoms of epidemic dropsy caused by argemone alkaloids, sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine. The study was performed on 24 randomly selected epidemic dropsy cases who consumed argemone contaminated mustard oil. On examination the cases revealed characteristic pitting edema over limbs (95.8%) accompanied by tenderness (79.2%) and diffuse erythema (95.8%). Tachycardia was present in 1/3 of the examined cases while evelated jugular venous pressure was seen in over 40% of the cases. In two of the cases, reddish-purplish blotches over lower limbs, not raised and which blanched on pressure, was an unusual feature. Chest X-ray revealed pulmonary congestion in 5 cases. ECG performed in 3 cases with severe breathlessness, showed non-specific ST-T changes most marked in L2,L3, avF and V2-V6 which reversed on recovery. Treatment with a combination of antioxidants, riboflavin and tocopherol showed improvement in pain in lower limbs (75%), edema (83.3%) and erythema (66.6%).展开更多
A wireless ad-hoc network is a self-organized wireless network without fixed or backbone infrastructure. All nodes have routing capability and use peer-to-peer packet transmission or forward packets to other node usin...A wireless ad-hoc network is a self-organized wireless network without fixed or backbone infrastructure. All nodes have routing capability and use peer-to-peer packet transmission or forward packets to other node using multi hop communication. Now days mobile ad-hoc networks are being used for different applications and traffics, so it require quality of service (QoS) support in routing protocol. In this paper, a modified QoS routing protocol using directional antenna has been proposed. High and normal priority can be assigned based on type of traffic. All the nodes in the path used by high priority flow are reserved as high priority flow for that flow and normal priority flow will avoid the paths used by high priority flows. If no disjoint paths are available, there may be two possibilities: Normal priority flows are blocked and other is, normal priority flows are allow using the coupled path with high priority flow. Blocking the normal priority flow, QoS routing protocol improves the performance of high priority flow. This concept may be use in emergency communication. Simulation results show that by assigning the priorities to flows, performance of high priority flows are improved and it will further improved by blocking the normal priority flow.展开更多
Aural atresia is a rare congenital malformation of the external and middle ear. There are several syndromic associations of this anomaly with those involving the first and second branchial arches. Occurrence of aural ...Aural atresia is a rare congenital malformation of the external and middle ear. There are several syndromic associations of this anomaly with those involving the first and second branchial arches. Occurrence of aural atresia with sclerosing skeletal dysplasia is unknown and has never been reported. The coexistence of a sclerosing dysplasia can make the surgical treatment in aural atresia difficult and risky; and the auditory improvement may not be as expected. Moreover, internal auditory canal narrowing and hence sensorineural hearing loss in sclerosing dysplasia might add to the already existing conductive hearing loss in such patients. In this case report we have described an unknown association of bilateral microtia with sclerosing skeletal dysplasia(autosomal dominant osteopetrosis) and clinical implications of these two conditions occurring together leading to a change in the management plan.展开更多
文摘Poly-β-(1,6)-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), the chief mediator of intercellular adhesion in many bacteria, plays an important role in biofilm formation. The pgaABCD locus was recognized from the whole genome sequence of A. junii SH205. The enzyme glycosyltransferase, PgaC, catalyzes the production of PNAG with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine monomer. In this study, the possibility of PNAG biosynthesis in A. junii SH205 with its own PgaC was explored with the aid of bioinformatics. Multiple alignments of PgaC sequences of different bacteria were used to identify conserved amino acid residues that might be critical for the functioning of the protein. Three-dimensional model of A. junii SH205 PgaC was generated for spatial visualization of amino acid residues. The analyses have shown that the protein PgaC has five conserved amino acids, Asp<sup>140</sup>, Asp<sup>233</sup>, Gln<sup>269</sup>, Arg<sup>272</sup> and Trp<sup>273</sup>, critical for the activity of enzyme. Interaction of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine within the conserved pocket of glycosyltransferase was explored from molecular docking studies.
文摘Low availability of phosphorus(P) is a major constraint for optimal crop production, as P is mostly present in its insoluble form in soil. Therefore,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB) from paddy field soils of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, India were isolated, and their abundance was attempted to be correlated with the physicochemical characteristics of the soils. Ninety-four PSB were isolated on Pikovskaya’s agar medium, and quantitative phosphate solubilization was evaluated using NBRIP medium. The isolates solubilized P up to a concentration of 1 006 μg mL-1 from tricalcium phosphate with the secretion of organic acids. These isolates were identified by 16 S rRNA gene sequence comparison, and they belonged to Gammaproteobacteria(56 isolates),Firmicutes(28 isolates), Actinobacteria(8 isolates), and Alphaproteobacteria(2 isolates). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identification by clustering the isolates in the clade of the respective reference organisms. The correlation analysis between PSB abundance and physicochemical characteristics revealed that the PSB population increased with increasing levels of soil organic carbon, insoluble P, K+, and Mg2+. The promising PSB explored in this study can be further evaluated for their biofertilizer potential in the field and for their use as potent bio-inoculants.
文摘This paper reports the results of an investigation carried out on clay soil stabilized with pond ash(PA),rice husk ash(RHA) and cement. Modified Proctor compaction tests were performed in order to investigate the compaction behavior of clay, and California bearing ratio(CBR) tests were performed to determine the strength characteristics of clay. For evaluation purpose, the specimens containing different amounts of admixtures were prepared. Clay was replaced with PA and RHA at a dosage of 30%e45% and5%e20%, respectively. The influence of stabilizer types and dosages on mechanical properties of clay was evaluated. In order to study the surface morphology and crystallization characteristics of the soil samples, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analyses were carried out,respectively. The results obtained indicated a decrease in the maximum dry density(MDD) and a simultaneous increase in the optimum moisture content(OMC) with the addition of PA and RHA.Multiple linear regression analysis(MLRA) showed that the predicted values of CBR tests are in good agreement with the experimental values. Developed stabilized soil mixtures showed satisfactory strength and can be used for construction of embankments and stabilization of sub-grade soil. The use of locally available soils, PA, RHA, and cement in the production of stabilized soils for such applications can provide sustainability for the local construction industry.
基金the financial support by Defence Research and Development Organisation(DRDO),Government of India(No.ERIP/ER/0903830/M/01/1235)
文摘This study described the structural, dielectric, and piezoelectric behavior of Pb1-xSrx[（Zr0.52Ti0.48）0.95（Mn1/3Nb2/3）0.05]O3 ceramics （PSZT-PMN, x=0, 0.025, 0.050, and 0.075）, prepared by a semi-wet route. X-ray diffraction, dielectric, and piezoelectric investigations were carried out to analyze the crystal structure. The relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss were both calculated as the functions of temperature. The room-temperature dielectric constant reaches a maximum for a Sr2＋-modified PZT-PMN ceramic with an x value of 0.050, which corresponds to the morphotropic phase boundary （MPB）. Raman spectroscopy studies also confirm the existence of this MPB for x=0.050. The piezoelectric strain coefficients （d33） value shows a maximum response for this composition. In addition, the phase transition temperature decreases significantly when the Sr2＋concentration increases in the PZT-PMN ceramics.
文摘Background Globally, the number of internet users has crossed the three-billion mark, while in India users grew over 17% in the first 6 months of 2015 to 354 million. This study presented a background on internet use and the existence of excessive internet use. Aim To study the extent of internet use in 11th and 12th grade students and the psychopathology, if any, associated with excessive internet use. Methods 426 students who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from 11 th and 12th grade classes from Kendriya Vidyalaya, New Delhi, India, and were assessed by Young's Internet Addiction Test and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results Among the 426 students, the mean internet addiction total score was 36.63 (20.78), which indicated mild level of internet addiction. 1.41%(six students) was diagnosed as excessive internet users, while 30.28% and 23.94% were classified as moderate and mild internet users, respectively. The prevalence of internet addiction between gender was 58.22% in males and 41.78% in females. While both positive (prosocial) and negative (hyperactivity, emotional, conduct and peer problem) impacts of internet use were reported by students, in the current study excessive use of internet had a negative impact on students' lives as compared with positive impact, which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion Excessive internet use led to abnormal behaviours which cause negative consequences to users. Early diagnosis of risk factors related to excessive internet use, provides education about responsible use and supervision of students by family members.
文摘In the present study,organically modified Montmorillonite clay with polar moiety,the Cloisite 30B,is used for preparation of Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)-clay nanocomposites(HCN)by dispersion of nanoclay in polymer matrix under high shear mixing.The nanocomposites thus prepared are evaluated in composite propellants as inhibitor material for their functional utility.Several inhibition formulations containing 5 wt%-15 wt%of nanoclay,with or without the conventional filler Sb2O3,were prepared.All these formulations were evaluated for their physical,mechanical,thermal,and ablative properties.Ablation rate and density of the compositions containing Cloisite 30B is around 23%and 5%lower respectively in comparison of the base composition.Strain capability of these compositions is twofold higher than that of base composition.These compositions have also been evaluated for their smoke generation tendency by measuring infra red(IR)attenuation in the wavelength range 1.3 mm e5.6 mm and 8 mme13 mm and thereby compared with the base composition.The corresponding results confirmed that the compositions containing Cloisite 30B as filler have much lower IR attenuation than compositions with conventional filler,Sb2O3.Replacement of 5%Sb2O3 by nanoclay showed 8%reduction in IR attenuation rate which further reduced to 16%on replacement of 15%of Sb2O3.Interfacial bonding of HCN based inhibitors is also comparable or even better than conventional inhibitors.Precisely,the nanoclay composites with Cloisite 30B as filler exhibit all desirable properties of an inhibitor.
文摘We explored the possibility of using ionic liquids (ILs) as medium for efficient extraction of agarose via dissolution of red algae under varying conditions of heating or microwave irradiation. As compared to conventional methods, a very high extraction yield of good quality agarose (as high as 39 wt%) could be achieved depending upon the nature of used IL and applied experimental conditions. Purity of extracted agarose was confirmed from various spectral and analytical techniques, such as 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, circular dichroism (CD), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The physicochemical properties, such as gelling or melting temperature, viscosity and gel strength of extracted agarose hydrogels have been measured and compared with the agarose obtained from similar source reported in the literature. ILs were recovered after the extraction of agarose and were reused for further extraction experiments. % Recycling and extraction ability of recycled ILs in different cycles have been measured. The developed extraction process of utilizing ILs as medium is easy, simple and highly efficient as compared to the conventional methods of agarose extraction from algae.
文摘Ring footings are suitable for the structures like tall transmission towers, chimneys, silos and oil storages.These types of structures are susceptible to horizontal loads(wind load) in addition to their dead weight.In the literature, very little or no effort has been made to study the effect of ring footing resting on reinforced sand when subjected to eccentric, inclined and/or eccentric-inclined loadings. This paper aims to study the behavior of ring footing resting on loose sand and/or compacted randomly distributed fiberreinforced sand(RDFS) when subjected to eccentric(0 B, 0.05 B and 0.1 B, where B is the outer diameter of ring footing), inclined(0°,5°,10°, 15°,-5°,-10° and-15°)and eccentric-inclined loadings by using a finite element(FE) software PLAXIS 3 D. The behavior of ring footing is studied by using a dimensionless factor called reduction factor(RF). The numerical model used in the PLAXIS 3 D has been validated by conducting model plate load tests. Moreover, an empirical expression using regression analysis has been presented which will be helpful in plotting a load-settlement curve for the ring footing.
基金funded by the Generation Challenge Programme Grant in coordination with the Global Partnership Initiative for Plant Breeding Capacity Building and Global Crop Diversity Trust
文摘Near isogenic lines carrying large-effect QTL （qtl2.1）, which has a consistent influence on grain yield under upland drought stress conditions in a wide range of environments, were evaluated under water stress in the fields. The line which gave higher yield under drought was crossed with a local elite line, PMK3, and forwarded to F2：3 generation. Significant variation was found among the F2：3 lines for agronomic traits under water stress in the fields. Low to high broad sense heritability （H） for investigated traits was also found. Water stress indicators such as leaf rolling and leaf drying were negatively correlated with plant height, biomass and grain yield under stress. Bulked segregant analysis （BSA） was performed with the markers in the vicinity of qUl2.1, and RM27933 was found to be segregated perfectly well in individual components of drought resistant and drought susceptible bulks which were bulked based on yield under water stress among F2：3 lines. Hence, this simple and breeder friendly marker, RM27933, may be useful as a potentially valuable candidate marker for the transfer of the QTL qtl12.1 in the regional breeding program. Bioinformatic analysis of the DNA sequence of the qtl12.1 region was also done to identify and analyze positional candidate genes associated with this QTL and to ascertain the putative molecular basis of qUl2.1.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to define the concept of mixed saddle point for a vector-valued Lagrangian of the non-smooth multiobjective vector-valued constrained optimization problem and establish the equivalence of the mixed saddle point and an efficient solution under generalized (V, p)-invexity assumptions.
基金the Indo-French“Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry at Interfaces”supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR)network projects[BSC0103UNDO]
文摘Stroke is the world’s second leading cause of death and a major cause of adult disability.Among the different kinds of stroke,ischemic stroke is the most widely prevalent type,causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide（Moskowitz et al.,2010）.
基金financially supported by the Defence Research and Development Organisation(DRDO),the Government of India(No.ERIP/ER/0903830/M/01/1235)
文摘Specimens of Pb1-1.5xLax（Zr0.53 Ti0.47）1-y-zFeyNb2O3 （x = 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.012, and 0.016, y = z = 0.01） （PZTFN） ceramics were synthesized by a semi-wet route. In the present study, the effect of La doping was investigated on the structural, microstructural, dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics. The results show that, the tetragonal （space group P4mm） and rhombohedral （space group R3c） phases are observed to coexist in the sample at x = 0.012. Microstructural investigations of all the samples reveal that La doping inhibits grain growth. Doping of La into PZTFN improves the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. The hys- teresis loops of all specimens exhibit nonlinear behavior. The dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties show a maximum response atx 〉 0.012, which corresponds to the morphotropic phase boundary （MPB）.
文摘The behavior of soluble salts contained in the municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI) ash significantly affects the strength development and hardening reaction when stabilized with cement.The present study focuses on the compaction and strength behavior of mixed specimens of cement and MSWI ash.A series of indices such as unconfined compressive strength,split tensile strength,California bearing ratio(CBR) and pH value was examined.Prior to this,the specimens were cured for 7 d,14 d,and 28 d.The test results depict that the maximum dry density(MDD) decreases and the optimum moisture content(OMC)increases with the addition of cement.The test results also reveal that the cement increases the strength of the mixed specimens.Thus,the combination of MSWI ash and cement can be used as a lightweight filling material in different structures like embankment and road construction.
基金financial support by the Extramural Research and Intellectual Property Rights(ER&IPR),Defence Research and Development Organisation(DRDO),New Delhi,India(No.ERIP/ER/0903830/M/01/1235)
文摘Sr^2＋ modified polycrystalline PZT-PMN ceramics were synthesized by a semi-wet route. Impedance spectroscopy studies indicate the bulk and grain boundary effects of PZT-PMN material along with the negative temperature coefficient of resistance. The bulk conductiv-ity exhibits an Arrhenius-type thermally activated hopping process which is supported by the AC conductivity behavior as a function of fre-quency and temperature. It is observed that the remnant polarization increases with an increase in the Sr2＋content in PZT-PMN.
基金supported by the MoES research project entitled Seismotectonic studies and Health Risk assessments in the Himalayas with Special Emphasis on Radon and Helium Emission under grant No. MoES/23(476)/SU/2004
文摘The earthquake precursors and earthquake prediction are the burning issue among the community of earth scientists and engineers. Studies of earthquake precursory phenomena since the last several decades have shown that significant geophysical and geochemical changes may occur prior to intermediate and large earthquakes （Hartmann and Levy, 2005; Yang et al, 2005; Einarsson et al, 2008; Italiano et al, 2008; Kumar et al, 2009）. Among the more intensely investigated geochemical phenomena there have been changes in the concentrations of dissolved ions and gases in groundwater as well as variations in the concentrations of crustal and mantle volatiles in ground gases.
基金We deeply acknowledge Taif University for Supporting this research through Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number(TURSP-2020/231),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Component-based software engineering is concerned with the develop-ment of software that can satisfy the customer prerequisites through reuse or inde-pendent development.Coupling and cohesion measurements are primarily used to analyse the better software design quality,increase the reliability and reduced system software complexity.The complexity measurement of cohesion and coupling component to analyze the relationship between the component module.In this paper,proposed the component selection framework of Hexa-oval optimization algorithm for selecting the suitable components from the repository.It measures the interface density modules of coupling and cohesion in a modular software sys-tem.This cohesion measurement has been taken into two parameters for analyz-ing the result of complexity,with the help of low cohesion and high cohesion.In coupling measures between the component of inside parameters and outside parameters.Thefinal process of coupling and cohesion,the measured values were used for the average calculation of components parameter.This paper measures the complexity of direct and indirect interaction among the component as well as the proposed algorithm selecting the optimal component for the repository.The better result is observed for high cohesion and low coupling in compo-nent-based software engineering.
文摘Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpatient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.
文摘An attempt was made to explore the scope of the bio-antioxidants in the management of symptoms of epidemic dropsy caused by argemone alkaloids, sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine. The study was performed on 24 randomly selected epidemic dropsy cases who consumed argemone contaminated mustard oil. On examination the cases revealed characteristic pitting edema over limbs (95.8%) accompanied by tenderness (79.2%) and diffuse erythema (95.8%). Tachycardia was present in 1/3 of the examined cases while evelated jugular venous pressure was seen in over 40% of the cases. In two of the cases, reddish-purplish blotches over lower limbs, not raised and which blanched on pressure, was an unusual feature. Chest X-ray revealed pulmonary congestion in 5 cases. ECG performed in 3 cases with severe breathlessness, showed non-specific ST-T changes most marked in L2,L3, avF and V2-V6 which reversed on recovery. Treatment with a combination of antioxidants, riboflavin and tocopherol showed improvement in pain in lower limbs (75%), edema (83.3%) and erythema (66.6%).
文摘A wireless ad-hoc network is a self-organized wireless network without fixed or backbone infrastructure. All nodes have routing capability and use peer-to-peer packet transmission or forward packets to other node using multi hop communication. Now days mobile ad-hoc networks are being used for different applications and traffics, so it require quality of service (QoS) support in routing protocol. In this paper, a modified QoS routing protocol using directional antenna has been proposed. High and normal priority can be assigned based on type of traffic. All the nodes in the path used by high priority flow are reserved as high priority flow for that flow and normal priority flow will avoid the paths used by high priority flows. If no disjoint paths are available, there may be two possibilities: Normal priority flows are blocked and other is, normal priority flows are allow using the coupled path with high priority flow. Blocking the normal priority flow, QoS routing protocol improves the performance of high priority flow. This concept may be use in emergency communication. Simulation results show that by assigning the priorities to flows, performance of high priority flows are improved and it will further improved by blocking the normal priority flow.
文摘Aural atresia is a rare congenital malformation of the external and middle ear. There are several syndromic associations of this anomaly with those involving the first and second branchial arches. Occurrence of aural atresia with sclerosing skeletal dysplasia is unknown and has never been reported. The coexistence of a sclerosing dysplasia can make the surgical treatment in aural atresia difficult and risky; and the auditory improvement may not be as expected. Moreover, internal auditory canal narrowing and hence sensorineural hearing loss in sclerosing dysplasia might add to the already existing conductive hearing loss in such patients. In this case report we have described an unknown association of bilateral microtia with sclerosing skeletal dysplasia(autosomal dominant osteopetrosis) and clinical implications of these two conditions occurring together leading to a change in the management plan.
