Dendrimers are man-made polymeric macromolecules created from branching chains known as monomers. Topological indices (TIs) are molecular descriptors that define the structure and aid in establishing relationships wit...Dendrimers are man-made polymeric macromolecules created from branching chains known as monomers. Topological indices (TIs) are molecular descriptors that define the structure and aid in establishing relationships with various physicochemical properties such as volatility, density, melting point, and more. TIs are categorized according to their distance, spectrum, and degree. Within these TIs, topological descriptors based on connection numbers (CN) hold significant importance. In this article, we calculate the overall outcomes of Zagreb connection indices, including the inverse sum connection index (ISCI), geometric arithmetic connection index (GACI), harmonic connection index (HCI), atom bond connectivity connection index (ABCCI), hyper Zagreb connection index (HZCI), and symmetric division connection index (SDCI) for the polypropyleneimine anoctamin (PPIO) dendrimer and Poly(Propyl) Ether Imine (PPEI) dendrimers. PPIO dendrimers and PPEI dendrimers are a new class of versatile nanostructured materials capable of exhibiting extraordinary physicochemical properties, which are closely related to their intricate tree-like architecture. PPIO dendrimers (synthesized using polypropylene imine) are relatively biocompatible and show promise as drug carriers, mainly because their core is hydrophobic with a hydrophilic surface. The PPEI dendrimers are highly soluble in alcohols and water and offer the ability to introduce a versatile range of functionalities. Their controlled structure, stability and tunable surface functionalities make these dendrimers attract much attention in several fields like biomedical applications, catalysis and nanotechnology. Additionally, a comparative analysis is performed to validate the excellence of our generated graphical and numerical outcomes.展开更多
Topological indices(TIs)have been practiced for distinct wide-ranging physicochemical applications,especially used to characterize and model the chemical structures of various molecular compounds such as dendrimers,na...Topological indices(TIs)have been practiced for distinct wide-ranging physicochemical applications,especially used to characterize and model the chemical structures of various molecular compounds such as dendrimers,nanotubes and neural networks with respect to their certain properties such as solubility,chemical stability and low cytotoxicity.Dendrimers are prolonged artificially synthesized or amalgamated natural macromolecules with a sequential layer of branches enclosing a central core.A present-day trend in mathematical and computational chemistry is the characterization of molecular structure by applying topological approaches,including numerical graph invariants.Among topological descriptors,Zagreb connection indices(ZCIs)have much importance.This manuscript involves the establishment of general results to calculate ZCIs,namely first ZCI(FZCI),second ZCI(SZCI),third ZCI(TZCI),modified FZCI,modified SZCI and modified TZCI of two special types of dendrimers nanostars,namely,poly propylene imine octamin(PPIO)dendrimer and poly(propyl)ether imine(PPEtIm)dendrimer.Furthermore,we provide the numerical and graphical comparative analysis of our calculated results for both types of dendrimers with each other.展开更多
Topological indices(TIs)have been found to be extensively useful in describ-ing and simulating the chemical structure of diverse molecular compounds,including dendrimers,nanotubes,and neural networks.Dendrimers repres...Topological indices(TIs)have been found to be extensively useful in describ-ing and simulating the chemical structure of diverse molecular compounds,including dendrimers,nanotubes,and neural networks.Dendrimers represent a distinct class of well-defined,highly branched macromolecules characterized by their symmetrical,tree-like architecture.This review provides a compre-hensive overview of dendrimer synthesis,structure,properties,and diverse applications in nanoscience.Currently,the field of chemistry is actively ex-ploring a mathematical approach that involves using topological techniques and numerical graph invariants to characterize molecular structures.Out of all the established descriptors,connection-based Zagreb indices are generally regarded as more efficient than the traditional indices.This manuscript pre-sents the overarching outcome for calculating the Zagreb connection indices,specifically,harmonic connection index(HCI),augmented connection index(ACI),symmetric division connection index(SDCI),geometric arithmetic connection index(GACI),hyper Zagreb connection index(HZCI),inverse sum connection index(ISCI),and atom bond connectivity connection index(ABCCI).Furthermore,we compare the numerical and graphical values with each other to assess their relative superiority.展开更多
The theory of networks provides a mathematical basis for building and model-ing the chemical structures and complex networks.Topological indices(TIs)are employed in several physicochemical applications,particularly fo...The theory of networks provides a mathematical basis for building and model-ing the chemical structures and complex networks.Topological indices(TIs)are employed in several physicochemical applications,particularly for characteriz-ing and modeling the chemical structures of diverse molecular compounds,in-cluding dendrimers.Dendrimers are intentionally synthesized or combined nat-ural macromolecules characterized by a series of branching layers around a cen-tral core.In this manuscript,we calculate various connection-based Zagreb in-dices(ZIs),including the atom-bond connectivity connection index(ABCCI),geometric-arithmetic connection index(GACI),augmented connection index(ACI),symmetric division connection index(SDCI),harmonic connection in-dex(HCI),inverse sum connection index(ISCI),and hyper Zagreb connection index(HZCI).Additionally,we discuss the connection-based ZIs for one of the most significant types of dendrimers,namely Tetrathiafulvalene(TTF)den-drimers.In addition,we provide a detailed numerical and graphical compara-tive analysis of the calculated results for TTF dendrimers,highlighting their per-formance and potential advantages in various applications.展开更多
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the pancreas and is classified into 2 types,acute and chronic,which can manifest in various forms.This review article summarizes the role of predictive and prognosti...Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the pancreas and is classified into 2 types,acute and chronic,which can manifest in various forms.This review article summarizes the role of predictive and prognostic values of inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis,mainly focused on preclinical and clinical studies.It includes serum amyloid A(SAA),monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),IL-10,myeloperoxidase,pentraxin 3,and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1.SAA3 plays a crucial role in developing acute pancreatitis by triggering a receptor-interacting protein 3-dependent necroptosis pathway in acinar cells.Targeting SAA3 could be a potential strategy for treating acute pancreatitis.The recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and the activation of the systemic MCP-1 signaling pathway play a role in the progression of pancreatitis,and blocking MCP-1 may have a suppressive effect on the development of pancreatic fibrosis.The ESR can predict severe acute pancreatitis with slightly lower accuracy than CRP.When ESR and CRP levels are combined at 24 hours,they predict severe acute pancreatitis accurately.IL-6 plays a crucial role in activating the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of the transcription pathway,exacerbating pancreatitis and contributing to the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer.Endogenous IL-10 plays a crucial role in controlling the regenerative phase and limiting the severity of fibrosis and glandular atrophy induced by repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis in mice.The predictive and diagnostic roles of these inflammatory factors in pancreatitis were introduced in detail in this review.展开更多
文摘Dendrimers are man-made polymeric macromolecules created from branching chains known as monomers. Topological indices (TIs) are molecular descriptors that define the structure and aid in establishing relationships with various physicochemical properties such as volatility, density, melting point, and more. TIs are categorized according to their distance, spectrum, and degree. Within these TIs, topological descriptors based on connection numbers (CN) hold significant importance. In this article, we calculate the overall outcomes of Zagreb connection indices, including the inverse sum connection index (ISCI), geometric arithmetic connection index (GACI), harmonic connection index (HCI), atom bond connectivity connection index (ABCCI), hyper Zagreb connection index (HZCI), and symmetric division connection index (SDCI) for the polypropyleneimine anoctamin (PPIO) dendrimer and Poly(Propyl) Ether Imine (PPEI) dendrimers. PPIO dendrimers and PPEI dendrimers are a new class of versatile nanostructured materials capable of exhibiting extraordinary physicochemical properties, which are closely related to their intricate tree-like architecture. PPIO dendrimers (synthesized using polypropylene imine) are relatively biocompatible and show promise as drug carriers, mainly because their core is hydrophobic with a hydrophilic surface. The PPEI dendrimers are highly soluble in alcohols and water and offer the ability to introduce a versatile range of functionalities. Their controlled structure, stability and tunable surface functionalities make these dendrimers attract much attention in several fields like biomedical applications, catalysis and nanotechnology. Additionally, a comparative analysis is performed to validate the excellence of our generated graphical and numerical outcomes.
文摘Topological indices(TIs)have been practiced for distinct wide-ranging physicochemical applications,especially used to characterize and model the chemical structures of various molecular compounds such as dendrimers,nanotubes and neural networks with respect to their certain properties such as solubility,chemical stability and low cytotoxicity.Dendrimers are prolonged artificially synthesized or amalgamated natural macromolecules with a sequential layer of branches enclosing a central core.A present-day trend in mathematical and computational chemistry is the characterization of molecular structure by applying topological approaches,including numerical graph invariants.Among topological descriptors,Zagreb connection indices(ZCIs)have much importance.This manuscript involves the establishment of general results to calculate ZCIs,namely first ZCI(FZCI),second ZCI(SZCI),third ZCI(TZCI),modified FZCI,modified SZCI and modified TZCI of two special types of dendrimers nanostars,namely,poly propylene imine octamin(PPIO)dendrimer and poly(propyl)ether imine(PPEtIm)dendrimer.Furthermore,we provide the numerical and graphical comparative analysis of our calculated results for both types of dendrimers with each other.
文摘Topological indices(TIs)have been found to be extensively useful in describ-ing and simulating the chemical structure of diverse molecular compounds,including dendrimers,nanotubes,and neural networks.Dendrimers represent a distinct class of well-defined,highly branched macromolecules characterized by their symmetrical,tree-like architecture.This review provides a compre-hensive overview of dendrimer synthesis,structure,properties,and diverse applications in nanoscience.Currently,the field of chemistry is actively ex-ploring a mathematical approach that involves using topological techniques and numerical graph invariants to characterize molecular structures.Out of all the established descriptors,connection-based Zagreb indices are generally regarded as more efficient than the traditional indices.This manuscript pre-sents the overarching outcome for calculating the Zagreb connection indices,specifically,harmonic connection index(HCI),augmented connection index(ACI),symmetric division connection index(SDCI),geometric arithmetic connection index(GACI),hyper Zagreb connection index(HZCI),inverse sum connection index(ISCI),and atom bond connectivity connection index(ABCCI).Furthermore,we compare the numerical and graphical values with each other to assess their relative superiority.
文摘The theory of networks provides a mathematical basis for building and model-ing the chemical structures and complex networks.Topological indices(TIs)are employed in several physicochemical applications,particularly for characteriz-ing and modeling the chemical structures of diverse molecular compounds,in-cluding dendrimers.Dendrimers are intentionally synthesized or combined nat-ural macromolecules characterized by a series of branching layers around a cen-tral core.In this manuscript,we calculate various connection-based Zagreb in-dices(ZIs),including the atom-bond connectivity connection index(ABCCI),geometric-arithmetic connection index(GACI),augmented connection index(ACI),symmetric division connection index(SDCI),harmonic connection in-dex(HCI),inverse sum connection index(ISCI),and hyper Zagreb connection index(HZCI).Additionally,we discuss the connection-based ZIs for one of the most significant types of dendrimers,namely Tetrathiafulvalene(TTF)den-drimers.In addition,we provide a detailed numerical and graphical compara-tive analysis of the calculated results for TTF dendrimers,highlighting their per-formance and potential advantages in various applications.
文摘Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the pancreas and is classified into 2 types,acute and chronic,which can manifest in various forms.This review article summarizes the role of predictive and prognostic values of inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis,mainly focused on preclinical and clinical studies.It includes serum amyloid A(SAA),monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),IL-10,myeloperoxidase,pentraxin 3,and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1.SAA3 plays a crucial role in developing acute pancreatitis by triggering a receptor-interacting protein 3-dependent necroptosis pathway in acinar cells.Targeting SAA3 could be a potential strategy for treating acute pancreatitis.The recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and the activation of the systemic MCP-1 signaling pathway play a role in the progression of pancreatitis,and blocking MCP-1 may have a suppressive effect on the development of pancreatic fibrosis.The ESR can predict severe acute pancreatitis with slightly lower accuracy than CRP.When ESR and CRP levels are combined at 24 hours,they predict severe acute pancreatitis accurately.IL-6 plays a crucial role in activating the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of the transcription pathway,exacerbating pancreatitis and contributing to the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer.Endogenous IL-10 plays a crucial role in controlling the regenerative phase and limiting the severity of fibrosis and glandular atrophy induced by repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis in mice.The predictive and diagnostic roles of these inflammatory factors in pancreatitis were introduced in detail in this review.
