In communication channel estimation,the Least Square(LS)technique has long been a widely accepted and commonly used principle.This is because the simple calculation method is compared with other channel estimation met...In communication channel estimation,the Least Square(LS)technique has long been a widely accepted and commonly used principle.This is because the simple calculation method is compared with other channel estimation methods.The Minimum Mean Squares Error(MMSE),which is developed later,is devised as the next step because the goal is to reduce the error rate in the communication system from the conventional LS technique which still has a higher error rate.These channel estimations are very important to modern communication systems,especially massive MIMO.Evaluating the massive MIMO channel is one of the most researched and debated topics today.This is essential in technology to overcome traditional performance barriers.The better the channel estimation,the more accurate it is.This paper investigated machine learning(ML)for channel estimation.ML channel estimations based on the Extreme Learning Machine(ELMx)group are also implemented.These estimations,known as the ELMx group,include Regularized Extreme Learning Machine(RELM)and Outlier Robust Extreme Learning Machine(ORELM).Then,it was compared with LS and MMSE.The simulation results reveal that the ELMx group outperforms LS and MMSE in channel capacity and bit error rate.Additionally,this paper has proven complexity for verified computational times.The RELM method is less time consuming and has low complexity which is suitable for future use in large MIMO systems.展开更多
文摘In communication channel estimation,the Least Square(LS)technique has long been a widely accepted and commonly used principle.This is because the simple calculation method is compared with other channel estimation methods.The Minimum Mean Squares Error(MMSE),which is developed later,is devised as the next step because the goal is to reduce the error rate in the communication system from the conventional LS technique which still has a higher error rate.These channel estimations are very important to modern communication systems,especially massive MIMO.Evaluating the massive MIMO channel is one of the most researched and debated topics today.This is essential in technology to overcome traditional performance barriers.The better the channel estimation,the more accurate it is.This paper investigated machine learning(ML)for channel estimation.ML channel estimations based on the Extreme Learning Machine(ELMx)group are also implemented.These estimations,known as the ELMx group,include Regularized Extreme Learning Machine(RELM)and Outlier Robust Extreme Learning Machine(ORELM).Then,it was compared with LS and MMSE.The simulation results reveal that the ELMx group outperforms LS and MMSE in channel capacity and bit error rate.Additionally,this paper has proven complexity for verified computational times.The RELM method is less time consuming and has low complexity which is suitable for future use in large MIMO systems.
