The formation of root system architecture(RSA)plays a crucial role in plant growth.OsDRO1 is known to have a function in controlling RSA in rice,however,the role of potato StDRO2,a homolog of rice OsDRO1,in root growt...The formation of root system architecture(RSA)plays a crucial role in plant growth.OsDRO1 is known to have a function in controlling RSA in rice,however,the role of potato StDRO2,a homolog of rice OsDRO1,in root growth remains unclear.In this study,we obtained potato dro2 mutant lines by Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-Associated 9(CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated genome editing system.The mutant lines were generated from a splicing defect of the StDRO2 intron 1,which causes a nonsense mutation in StDRO2.Furthermore,the secondary structure of StDRO2 mRNA analyzed with RNAfold Web Server was altered in the dro2 mutant.Mutation of StDRO2 conveys potato adaptation through changing the RSA via alteration of auxin transport under drought stress.The potato dro2 lines showed higher plant height,longer root length,smaller root growth angle and increased tuber weight than the wild-type.The alteration of RSA was associated with a disturbance of IAA distribution in the dro2 mutant,and the levels of StPIN7 and StPIN10 detected by using real-time PCR were up-regulated in the roots of potato dro2 lines grown under drought stress.Moreover,the microRNAs(miRNAs)PmiREN024536 and PmiREN024486 targeted the StDRO2 gene,and auxin positively and negatively regulated the expression of StDRO2 and the miRNAs PmiREN024536 and PmiREN024486,respectively,in the potato roots.Our data shows that a regulatory network involving auxin,StDRO2,PmiREN024536 and PmiREN024486 can control RSA to convey potato fitness under drought stress.展开更多
Solar-driven photocatalysis with charge-transfer modulation is a green approach for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)to generate hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).In this study,we introduced a novel method for ...Solar-driven photocatalysis with charge-transfer modulation is a green approach for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)to generate hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).In this study,we introduced a novel method for synthesizing high-valence Sn^(δ+)in SnS_(2),combined with gC_(3)N_(4)to create gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations exhibited that the interface between SnS_(2)and gC_(3)N_(4)creates interband states through strong hybridization,revealing that photoexcited electrons flowed from C in gC_(3)N_(4)to S in SnS_(2),forming a Z-scheme heterojunction.The optimal gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2)-2(2%SnS_(2)loaded)achieved a high H_(2)O_(2)production rate of 7.186 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)and an apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 33.8%at 405 nm with isopropanol(IPA),converting 88.8%IPA to acetone in 2 h.The gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2)composite improved the charge transfer resistance and elongated the non-radiative electron decay time.Notably,SnS_(2)doping of gC_(3)N_(4)decreased the antibonding orbital occupancy and lowered the energy barrier for O_(2) and OOH^(*)adsorption.In situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)analysis confirmed the generation of OOH^(*)on gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2)during light irradiation.A techno-economic analysis(TEA)was conducted to evaluate the economic viability of photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production,revealing that it was not economically feasible owing to challenges in the separation process.This study provides unique perspectives on the approaches to inducing a high valence state of Sn^(δ+)for enhancing photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation and the challenge of commercializing H_(2)O_(2)production via photocatalysis.展开更多
The conversion of inert N_(2) and CO_(2) into urea by electrocatalytic technology not only reduces the cost of urea synthesis in future,but also alleviatesthe environmental pollution problem caused by carbon emission ...The conversion of inert N_(2) and CO_(2) into urea by electrocatalytic technology not only reduces the cost of urea synthesis in future,but also alleviatesthe environmental pollution problem caused by carbon emission in traditional industrial production.However,facing downside factors such as strong competitive reactions and unclear reaction mechanism,the design of high-performance urea catalysts is imminent.This study demonstrates that W_(18)O_(49) system doped heteronuclear metals(TM=Fe,Co,Ni)can effectively solve the problem of competitive adsorption between N_(2) and CO_(2) and realize the co-adsorption of N_(2) and CO_(2) at diverse sites.Their theoretical limiting voltages for urea production on TM-W_(18)O_(49)(TM=Fe,Co,Ni)systems are-0.46 V,-0.42 V and-0.52 V,respectively.The results are all lower than that of the contrastive voltage in pristine W_(18)O_(49) system(-0.91 V),further indicating the rationality and necessity of single-atom doped strategy for the co-reduction of two molecules.Specially,Co-W_(18)O_(49) can theoretically inhibit the side reactions of NRR,CO_(2)RR,and HER,which deserve future experimental exploration in future.The study suggests that doping heteronuclear metal into transition metal oxides is a feasible scheme to solve competitive adsorption and improve catalytic performance.展开更多
探明贵阳市景观格局与生态系统服务价值在空间上的相关性分布特征,旨在为山地城市生态环境建设和生态规划提供保护措施。本研究对2000、2010、2020年3期土地利用数据进行景观分类,采用景观格局指数、当量因子法和地理加权回归模型,探讨...探明贵阳市景观格局与生态系统服务价值在空间上的相关性分布特征,旨在为山地城市生态环境建设和生态规划提供保护措施。本研究对2000、2010、2020年3期土地利用数据进行景观分类,采用景观格局指数、当量因子法和地理加权回归模型,探讨景观格局与生态系统服务价值的时空演变及响应关系。结果表明:1)2000-2020年以森林为主的景观面积增加,增长量为2627 km 2,建设用地扩张占据农田,整体景观趋于破碎化且多样性减弱。2)贵阳市ESV呈增加趋势,变化率为38.91%,贵阳市开阳县、乌当区和息烽县ESV高值区增加,中值区逐渐向南聚集,低值区向外扩张。林地是ESV总增量的主要贡献者。3)在高价值景观类型区,破碎化程度越低和景观多样性越高可促进ESV增长。建设用地集中区破碎化程度越高且景观多样性越低导致ESV减小。4)研究认为应根据贵阳市不同区县的生态环境特征,因地制宜优化贵阳市景观格局,促进生态系统服务价值持续增长。展开更多
Extractive distillation(ED) is one of the most promising approaches for the separation of the azeotropic or closeboiling mixtures in the chemical industry. The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad overview of t...Extractive distillation(ED) is one of the most promising approaches for the separation of the azeotropic or closeboiling mixtures in the chemical industry. The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad overview of the recent development of key aspects in the ED process involving conceptual design, solvent selection, and separation strategies. To obtain the minimum entrainer feed flow rate and reflux ratio for the ED process, the conceptual design of azeotropic mixture separation based on a topological analysis via thermodynamic feasibility insights involving residue curve maps, univolatility lines, and unidistribution curves is presented. The method is applicable to arbitrary multicomponent mixtures and allows direct screening of design alternatives. The determination of a suitable solvent is one of the key steps to ensure an effective and economical ED process. Candidate entrainers can be obtained from heuristics or literature studies while computer aided molecular design(CAMD) has superiority in efficiency and reliability. To achieve optimized extractive distillation systems, a brief review of evaluation method for both entrainer design and selection through CAMD is presented. Extractive distillation can be operated either in continuous extractive distillation(CED) or batch extractive distillation(BED), and both modes have been well-studied depending on the advantages in flexibility and low capital costs. To improve the energy efficiency, several configurations and technological alternatives can be used for both CED and BED depending on strategies and main azeotropic feeds. The challenge and chance of the further ED development involving screening the best potential solvents and exploring the energy-intensive separation strategies are discussed aiming at promoting the industrial application of this environmentally friendly separation technique.展开更多
The method of LA-MC-ICP-MS has become one choice for the analysis of many isotopic systems due to its relatively low cost,high analysis speed,high spatial resolution,and low matrix effect.However,there are still many ...The method of LA-MC-ICP-MS has become one choice for the analysis of many isotopic systems due to its relatively low cost,high analysis speed,high spatial resolution,and low matrix effect.However,there are still many challenges in the accuracy,precision,and spatial resolution of in situ isotopic composition determination by LA-MC-ICP-MS,which mainly include:(1)how to improve instrument sensitivity,further improve the spatial resolution,and achieve simultaneous determination of isotopes,multiple isotopes,or isotopes with trace elements in low-content samples?(2)how to deduct and correct interference to improve the accuracy of isotopic determination?(3)how to correct isotope fractionation?(4)how to reduce the matrix effect of isotopes?how to develop matrix-matched reference materials?and(5)how to achieve non-matrix-matched correction of isotopes?The high-sensitivity cone combinations,gas mixture,shield torch,and reasonable detector array can be applied to improve the elemental sensitivity.The interferences include the background interference and the interferences from the matrix elements(the isobaric interference,the polyatomic interference,and doubly charged ions interference).To reduce or even eliminate the interference,commonly used methods including interference elimination,background correction,and interference correction by evaluating with an interference-free isotope.Isotopic fractionation correction mainly involves external standard calibration and internal and pseudo-internal standard normalization.For non-matrix matched calibration,many methods can be applied,such as the femtosecond laser,line scan,low laser energy,wet plasma condition,optical setup below the sample surface,and matching the intensity of the sample and standard.In this review,we systematically summarized the above challenges and solutions to promote the study and application of LA-MC-ICP-MS in isotopic determination.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32260085,31860064,31660501,31970609,32260718 and 31901870)the Key Projects of the Applied Basic Research Plan of Yunnan Province(Grant No.202301AS070082)+3 种基金the Start-up fund from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,the‘Top Talents Program in Science and Technology’from Yunnan Province,the Major Science and Technology Project in Yunnan Province(Grant Nos.202102AE090042 and 202202AE090036)the Young and Middle-Aged Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talent Program in Yunnan Province(Grant No.202205AC160076)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2019M653849XB)the High-level Talents Introduction Plan of Yunnan Province-Young Talents Special Project。
文摘The formation of root system architecture(RSA)plays a crucial role in plant growth.OsDRO1 is known to have a function in controlling RSA in rice,however,the role of potato StDRO2,a homolog of rice OsDRO1,in root growth remains unclear.In this study,we obtained potato dro2 mutant lines by Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-Associated 9(CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated genome editing system.The mutant lines were generated from a splicing defect of the StDRO2 intron 1,which causes a nonsense mutation in StDRO2.Furthermore,the secondary structure of StDRO2 mRNA analyzed with RNAfold Web Server was altered in the dro2 mutant.Mutation of StDRO2 conveys potato adaptation through changing the RSA via alteration of auxin transport under drought stress.The potato dro2 lines showed higher plant height,longer root length,smaller root growth angle and increased tuber weight than the wild-type.The alteration of RSA was associated with a disturbance of IAA distribution in the dro2 mutant,and the levels of StPIN7 and StPIN10 detected by using real-time PCR were up-regulated in the roots of potato dro2 lines grown under drought stress.Moreover,the microRNAs(miRNAs)PmiREN024536 and PmiREN024486 targeted the StDRO2 gene,and auxin positively and negatively regulated the expression of StDRO2 and the miRNAs PmiREN024536 and PmiREN024486,respectively,in the potato roots.Our data shows that a regulatory network involving auxin,StDRO2,PmiREN024536 and PmiREN024486 can control RSA to convey potato fitness under drought stress.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of South Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(Grant No.2021R1A6A1A03038785,2023R1A2C1003464,RS-2024-00512818 and RS-2023-00240726)。
文摘Solar-driven photocatalysis with charge-transfer modulation is a green approach for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)to generate hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).In this study,we introduced a novel method for synthesizing high-valence Sn^(δ+)in SnS_(2),combined with gC_(3)N_(4)to create gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations exhibited that the interface between SnS_(2)and gC_(3)N_(4)creates interband states through strong hybridization,revealing that photoexcited electrons flowed from C in gC_(3)N_(4)to S in SnS_(2),forming a Z-scheme heterojunction.The optimal gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2)-2(2%SnS_(2)loaded)achieved a high H_(2)O_(2)production rate of 7.186 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)and an apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 33.8%at 405 nm with isopropanol(IPA),converting 88.8%IPA to acetone in 2 h.The gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2)composite improved the charge transfer resistance and elongated the non-radiative electron decay time.Notably,SnS_(2)doping of gC_(3)N_(4)decreased the antibonding orbital occupancy and lowered the energy barrier for O_(2) and OOH^(*)adsorption.In situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)analysis confirmed the generation of OOH^(*)on gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2)during light irradiation.A techno-economic analysis(TEA)was conducted to evaluate the economic viability of photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production,revealing that it was not economically feasible owing to challenges in the separation process.This study provides unique perspectives on the approaches to inducing a high valence state of Sn^(δ+)for enhancing photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation and the challenge of commercializing H_(2)O_(2)production via photocatalysis.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Youth Development Foundation of Jilin Province(No.20230508183RC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22403014,No.21673036)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730539,No.2024T170121)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2412022ZD050,No.2412023QD012)Some computations were carried out on TianHe-2 at LvLiang Cloud Computing Center of China.
文摘The conversion of inert N_(2) and CO_(2) into urea by electrocatalytic technology not only reduces the cost of urea synthesis in future,but also alleviatesthe environmental pollution problem caused by carbon emission in traditional industrial production.However,facing downside factors such as strong competitive reactions and unclear reaction mechanism,the design of high-performance urea catalysts is imminent.This study demonstrates that W_(18)O_(49) system doped heteronuclear metals(TM=Fe,Co,Ni)can effectively solve the problem of competitive adsorption between N_(2) and CO_(2) and realize the co-adsorption of N_(2) and CO_(2) at diverse sites.Their theoretical limiting voltages for urea production on TM-W_(18)O_(49)(TM=Fe,Co,Ni)systems are-0.46 V,-0.42 V and-0.52 V,respectively.The results are all lower than that of the contrastive voltage in pristine W_(18)O_(49) system(-0.91 V),further indicating the rationality and necessity of single-atom doped strategy for the co-reduction of two molecules.Specially,Co-W_(18)O_(49) can theoretically inhibit the side reactions of NRR,CO_(2)RR,and HER,which deserve future experimental exploration in future.The study suggests that doping heteronuclear metal into transition metal oxides is a feasible scheme to solve competitive adsorption and improve catalytic performance.
文摘探明贵阳市景观格局与生态系统服务价值在空间上的相关性分布特征,旨在为山地城市生态环境建设和生态规划提供保护措施。本研究对2000、2010、2020年3期土地利用数据进行景观分类,采用景观格局指数、当量因子法和地理加权回归模型,探讨景观格局与生态系统服务价值的时空演变及响应关系。结果表明:1)2000-2020年以森林为主的景观面积增加,增长量为2627 km 2,建设用地扩张占据农田,整体景观趋于破碎化且多样性减弱。2)贵阳市ESV呈增加趋势,变化率为38.91%,贵阳市开阳县、乌当区和息烽县ESV高值区增加,中值区逐渐向南聚集,低值区向外扩张。林地是ESV总增量的主要贡献者。3)在高价值景观类型区,破碎化程度越低和景观多样性越高可促进ESV增长。建设用地集中区破碎化程度越高且景观多样性越低导致ESV减小。4)研究认为应根据贵阳市不同区县的生态环境特征,因地制宜优化贵阳市景观格局,促进生态系统服务价值持续增长。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21878028,21606026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.106112017CDJQJ228809)+2 种基金Chongqing Technological Innovation and Application Demonstration for Social and Livelihood development(No.cstc2018jscx-msyb X0336)Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology(No.CSTC2016JCYJA0474)Hundred Talents Program of Chongqing University
文摘Extractive distillation(ED) is one of the most promising approaches for the separation of the azeotropic or closeboiling mixtures in the chemical industry. The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad overview of the recent development of key aspects in the ED process involving conceptual design, solvent selection, and separation strategies. To obtain the minimum entrainer feed flow rate and reflux ratio for the ED process, the conceptual design of azeotropic mixture separation based on a topological analysis via thermodynamic feasibility insights involving residue curve maps, univolatility lines, and unidistribution curves is presented. The method is applicable to arbitrary multicomponent mixtures and allows direct screening of design alternatives. The determination of a suitable solvent is one of the key steps to ensure an effective and economical ED process. Candidate entrainers can be obtained from heuristics or literature studies while computer aided molecular design(CAMD) has superiority in efficiency and reliability. To achieve optimized extractive distillation systems, a brief review of evaluation method for both entrainer design and selection through CAMD is presented. Extractive distillation can be operated either in continuous extractive distillation(CED) or batch extractive distillation(BED), and both modes have been well-studied depending on the advantages in flexibility and low capital costs. To improve the energy efficiency, several configurations and technological alternatives can be used for both CED and BED depending on strategies and main azeotropic feeds. The challenge and chance of the further ED development involving screening the best potential solvents and exploring the energy-intensive separation strategies are discussed aiming at promoting the industrial application of this environmentally friendly separation technique.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2019YFA0708400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41927803)+2 种基金the MOST (Ministry of Science and Technology) Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources (No. MSFGPMR01)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2020CFA045)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences (Wuhan).
文摘The method of LA-MC-ICP-MS has become one choice for the analysis of many isotopic systems due to its relatively low cost,high analysis speed,high spatial resolution,and low matrix effect.However,there are still many challenges in the accuracy,precision,and spatial resolution of in situ isotopic composition determination by LA-MC-ICP-MS,which mainly include:(1)how to improve instrument sensitivity,further improve the spatial resolution,and achieve simultaneous determination of isotopes,multiple isotopes,or isotopes with trace elements in low-content samples?(2)how to deduct and correct interference to improve the accuracy of isotopic determination?(3)how to correct isotope fractionation?(4)how to reduce the matrix effect of isotopes?how to develop matrix-matched reference materials?and(5)how to achieve non-matrix-matched correction of isotopes?The high-sensitivity cone combinations,gas mixture,shield torch,and reasonable detector array can be applied to improve the elemental sensitivity.The interferences include the background interference and the interferences from the matrix elements(the isobaric interference,the polyatomic interference,and doubly charged ions interference).To reduce or even eliminate the interference,commonly used methods including interference elimination,background correction,and interference correction by evaluating with an interference-free isotope.Isotopic fractionation correction mainly involves external standard calibration and internal and pseudo-internal standard normalization.For non-matrix matched calibration,many methods can be applied,such as the femtosecond laser,line scan,low laser energy,wet plasma condition,optical setup below the sample surface,and matching the intensity of the sample and standard.In this review,we systematically summarized the above challenges and solutions to promote the study and application of LA-MC-ICP-MS in isotopic determination.
