Ce-β-Bi_(2)O_(3)/AgI was prepared using solvothermal calcination and in-situ deposition methods.The introduction of Ce can inhibit the conversion of Bi_(2)O_(3)fromβtoαphase at high temperatures,promoting the forma...Ce-β-Bi_(2)O_(3)/AgI was prepared using solvothermal calcination and in-situ deposition methods.The introduction of Ce can inhibit the conversion of Bi_(2)O_(3)fromβtoαphase at high temperatures,promoting the formation of oxygen vacancies(OVs)in the photocatalyst.OVs can adsorb more dissolved oxygen to promote the formation rate of·O^(-)_(2).Moreover,the interaction between Ce-Bi_(2)O_(3)and AgI results in the formation of Z-scheme heterojunctions,which can broaden the light absorption region,facilitate photogenerated carrier separation and transfer and enhance the ability to produce more active oxygen species(ROS).The morphology,crystal,element distribution and photo-electric chemical properties of the Ce-Bi_(2)O_(3)/AgI were analyzed,and the result shows that the optimal ratio of Ce-Bi_(2)O_(3)/AgI photocatalyst achieves a removal rate of 88.63%(180 min)of tetracycline(TC)(20 mg/L)and 100%(120 min)of methyl orange(MO)(20 mg/L).This work clarified the photocatalytic degradation mechanism,providing a promising avenue for developing photocatalytic composites by rare earth metal doping in environme ntal remediation applications.展开更多
Due to the difference in chemical potential between sulfide solid electrolytes(SSEs)and high-energy nickel-rich layered oxide cathode materials LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811),the space charge layer(SCL)with l...Due to the difference in chemical potential between sulfide solid electrolytes(SSEs)and high-energy nickel-rich layered oxide cathode materials LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811),the space charge layer(SCL)with large impedance is formed at the interface,which severely compromises the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs).Herein,a gradient sulfide Ti_(3)(PO_(4))_(4)coating for NCM811 was designed and prepared.Due to the highly favorable O-S exchange,a gradient sulfide coating with structural and chemical similarity to Li_(5.3)PS_(4.3)Cl_(1.7)SSE was formed by in situ sulfide Ti_(3)(PO_(4))_(4)on the surface of NCM811 using the sulfur-rich phosphorus sulfide molecule P_(4)S_(16).The increased sulfur content towards the outer surface of the coating reduces the chemical potential difference between the NCM811 cathode and SSEs,thereby reducing the formation of the SCL and ensuring stable and fast Li^(+)transport at the interface.The full cell with gradient sulfide Ti_(3)(PO_(4))_(4)-coated NCM811 cathode(PS-NCM811@TiP)exhibited excellent long-cycle stability,with a capacity retention rate of 95.2% after 100 cycles at 0.057 mA cm^(-2)and 25℃.This work provides a new perspective on the surface modification of cathodes for sulfide-based ASSLBs.展开更多
In the wave of globalization,cross-cultural communication scenarios are increasing,and college English translation teaching needs to actively adapt to this trend.In the process of teaching advancement,guidance that co...In the wave of globalization,cross-cultural communication scenarios are increasing,and college English translation teaching needs to actively adapt to this trend.In the process of teaching advancement,guidance that combines both instrumental value and humanistic connotation should be established first.Based on this,teaching methods should be flexibly adjusted,combining students’cognitive characteristics and cross-cultural translation needs to optimize methods,constantly updating teaching materials,and integrating multicultural knowledge into them.This allows students to naturally encounter language expressions in different cultural backgrounds during their learning.With the help of modern technology,broader practical scenarios can be built,breaking the limitations of traditional classrooms and closely connecting teaching with practical applications,thereby systematically improving students’cross-cultural translation abilities.展开更多
Brittleness is a dominant issue that restricts potential applications of Mg_2Si intermetallic compounds(IMC). In this paper, guided by first-principles calculations, we found that Al doping will enhance the ductility ...Brittleness is a dominant issue that restricts potential applications of Mg_2Si intermetallic compounds(IMC). In this paper, guided by first-principles calculations, we found that Al doping will enhance the ductility of Mg_2Si. The underlying mechanism is that Al doping could reduce the electronic exchange effect between Mg and Si atoms, and increase the volume module/shear modulus ratio, both of which are beneficial to the deformation capability of Mg_2Si. Experimental investigations were then carried out to verify the calculation results with Al doping contents ranging from Al-free to 10 wt%. Results showed that the obtained ductile-brittle transition temperature of the Mg_2Si–Al alloy decreased and the corresponding ductility increased. Specifically, the ductile-brittle transition temperature could be reduced by about 100℃. When the content of Al reached 6 wt%, α-Al phase started to precipitate, and the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the alloy no longer decreased.展开更多
Since the advent of the solid-state batteries,employing solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)to replace routine flammable liquid electrolytes is regarded to be one of the most promising solutions in pursing highenergy-dens...Since the advent of the solid-state batteries,employing solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)to replace routine flammable liquid electrolytes is regarded to be one of the most promising solutions in pursing highenergy-density battery systems.SPEs with superior thermal stability,good processability,and high mechanical modulus obtain increasing attentions.However,SPE-based batteries are not impenetrable due to their decomposition and combustibility under extreme conditions.Researchers believe incorporating appropriate flame-retardant additives/solvents/fragments into SPEs can intrinsically reduce their flammability to solve the battery safety issues.In this review,the recent research progress of incombustible SPEs,with special emphasis on flame-retardant structural design,is summarized.Specifically,a brief introduction of flame-retardant mechanism,evaluation index for safety of SPEs,and a detailed overview of the latest advances on diverse-types SPEs in various battery systems are highlighted.The deep insight into thermal ru naway process,the free-standing incombustible GPEs,and the ratio nal design of pouch cell structures may be the main directions to motivate revolutionary next-generation for safety batteries.展开更多
The study of phase transition processes in liquid crystals(LCs)remains challenging.Most thermotropic LCs exhibit a narrow temperature range and a rapid phase transition from the isotropic(ISO)to the nematic(N)phase,wh...The study of phase transition processes in liquid crystals(LCs)remains challenging.Most thermotropic LCs exhibit a narrow temperature range and a rapid phase transition from the isotropic(ISO)to the nematic(N)phase,which make it difficult to capture and manipulate the phase transition process.In this study,we observed the evolution of small droplets during the ISO–N phase transition in ferroelectric nematic(NF)LC RM734.After doping with metal nanoparticles(NPs),the temperature range of the phase transition broadened,and the droplets formed during the phase transition remained stable,with their diameter increasing linearly with temperature.In addition,droplets doped with NPs can be well controlled by an external electric field.This discovery not only aids in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of LC phase transitions but also provides a simple alternative method for preparing droplets,which is potentially valuable for applications in optoelectronic devices and sensors.展开更多
High-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)has proven to be very useful for detecting the temperatureinduced structural evolution and dynamics in melts.However,the sensitivity and precision of high-temperature NM...High-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)has proven to be very useful for detecting the temperatureinduced structural evolution and dynamics in melts.However,the sensitivity and precision of high-temperature NMR probes are limited.Here we report a sensitive and stable high-temperature NMR probe based on laser-heating,suitable for in situ studies of metallic melts,which can work stably at the temperature of up to 2000 K.In our design,a well-designed optical path and the use of a water-cooled copper radio-frequency(RF)coil significantly optimize the signal-to-noise ratio(S/NR)at high temperatures.Additionally,a precise temperature controlling system with an error of less than±1 K has been designed.After temperature calibration,the temperature measurement error is controlled within±2 K.As a performance testing,^(27)Al NMR spectra are measured in Zr-based metallic glass-forming liquid in situ.Results show that the S/NR reaches 45 within 90 s even when the sample's temperature is up to 1500 K and that the isothermal signal drift is better than0.001 ppm per hour.This high-temperature NMR probe can be used to clarify some highly debated issues about metallic liquids,such as glass transition and liquid-liquid transition.展开更多
Hydrothermal carbonization is highly applicable to high moisture biomass upgrading due to the fact that moist-ure involved can be directly used as reaction media under the subcritical-water region.With this,value-adde...Hydrothermal carbonization is highly applicable to high moisture biomass upgrading due to the fact that moist-ure involved can be directly used as reaction media under the subcritical-water region.With this,value-added utilization of hydrochar as solid fuel with high carbon and energy density is one of the important pathways for biomass conversion.In this review,the dewatering properties of hydrochar after the hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste,coalification degree with elemental composition and evolution,pelletization of hydrochar to enhance the mechanical properties and density,coupled with the combustion properties of hydrochar biofuel were discussed with various biomass and carbonization parameters.Potential applications for the co-combustion with coal,cleaner properties and energy balance for biowaste hydrothermal carbonization were presented as well as the challenges.展开更多
Sintering of polycrystalline diamond with selenium was investigated under pressure of 6.5-10.5 GPa at a constant temperature of 1850℃.A new carbon-selenium compound with a most plausible chemical formula of SeC and a...Sintering of polycrystalline diamond with selenium was investigated under pressure of 6.5-10.5 GPa at a constant temperature of 1850℃.A new carbon-selenium compound with a most plausible chemical formula of SeC and a WC-type hexagonal structure(space group P6m2)has been discovered in the recovered samples sintered at 10.5 GPa and 1850℃.Refined lattice parameters are as follows:a=2.9277(4)A,c=2.8620(4)A,V=21.245(4)A^3.The diamond compacts hot-pressed at 10.5 GPa have excellent mechanical properties with a Vickers hardness of about 68 GPa at a loading force of 19.6 N.Diamond intergrowths observed in these samples may have benefited from the catalytic effects of Se/SeC on the nucleation and crystal growth of diamond.展开更多
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is closely associated with hypertensive outcomes.The oxidative balance score(OBS)measures oxidative stress exposure from dietary and lifestyle elements.The objective of this study was to in...BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is closely associated with hypertensive outcomes.The oxidative balance score(OBS)measures oxidative stress exposure from dietary and lifestyle elements.The objective of this study was to investigate the association between OBS and mortality in hypertensive patients.METHODS This study included 7823 hypertensive patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHA-NES)1999-2014.Several models,including Cox regression,restricted cubic splines(RCS),Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,subgroup,and sensitivity analyses,were exploited to investigate the relationship between OBS and the risk of mortality.RESULTS Controlling for all potential confounders,a significantly inverse association was observed between elevated OBS and all-cause[hazard ratio(HR)=0.90,95%CI:0.85-0.95]and cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.85,95%CI:0.75-0.95).With adjustment for covariates,significant associations between lifestyle OBS and mortality risks diminished,whereas associations between dietary OBS and these mortality risks remained robust(all-cause mortality:HR=0.91,95%CI:0.86-0.96;cardiovascular mortality:HR=0.85,95%CI:0.76-0.96).RCS demonstrated a linear relationship between OBS and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk(P_(nonlinear)=0.088 and P_(nonlinear)=0.447,respectively).Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that the mortality rate was lower with a high OBS(P<0.001).The consistency of the association was demonstrated in subgroup and sensitivity analyses.RCS after stratification showed that among current drinkers,those with higher OBS had a lower risk of mortality compared with former or never drinkers.CONCLUSIONS In hypertensive individuals,there was a negative association between OBS and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Encouraging hypertensive individuals,especially those currently drinking,to maintain high levels of OBS may be beneficial in improving their prognosis.展开更多
Satellite observations are widely used to estimate the concentrations of surface air pollutants,but the temporal coverage of these datasets is relatively short.To overcome this limitation,we propose a wide-deep ensemb...Satellite observations are widely used to estimate the concentrations of surface air pollutants,but the temporal coverage of these datasets is relatively short.To overcome this limitation,we propose a wide-deep ensemble machine learning framework to reconstruct the fine particulate matter(particulate matter lower than 2.5 lm(PM_(2.5)))dataset of East Asia(EA)over the past four decades(1981-2020).The results indicate that the framework effectively leveraged the advantages of satellite observations(higher accuracy)and model-based estimations(longer temporal coverage)of surface air pollutants.The reconstructed PM_(2.5) concentrations agreed well with the ground measurements,with coefficient of determination(R^(2))and root-mean-square error(RMSE)values of 0.99 and 1.38 lg m^(3),respectively,which outperformed the satellite-based PM_(2.5) estimates.As more ground measurements were incorporated into the model for training,the average RMSE in Japan and the Korean Peninsula decreased to 0.83 and 1.50 lg m^(3),respectively.Simultaneously,on the basis of the reconstructed datasets,we investigated the exposure level to PM_(2.5) in EA from 1981 to 2020.Since 2000,the increase in anthropogenic emissions has substantially worsened the air quality in EA,and nearly 50% of the population resided in areas where the annual average PM_(2.5) concentrations exceeded 50 lg m^(3) from 2009 to 2010.Despite the implementation of various mitigation strategies by local authorities to lower the ambient PM_(2.5) concentrations,the entire exposure level in EA is still implausible to meet the World Health Organization(WHO)air quality guidelines.In addition,population aging and climate change have the potential to increase PM_(2.5) exposure risk in the future.For policy-makers in EA,it is essential to consider the effects of these factors and develop more effective mitigation strategies that aim to lessen the health impact associated with PM_(2.5) exposure.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bile leakage is a common complication following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)with primary duct closure(PDC).Identifying and analyzing the risk factors associated with bile leakage is cruc...BACKGROUND Bile leakage is a common complication following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)with primary duct closure(PDC).Identifying and analyzing the risk factors associated with bile leakage is crucial for improving surgical outcomes.AIM To explore the value analysis of common risk factors for bile leakage after LCBDE and PDC,with a focus on strict adherence to indications.METHODS Clinical data of 106 cases undergoing LCBDE+PDC in the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department(Division 1)of Chuzhou First People’s Hospital from April 2019 to March 2024 were collected.Retrospective and multiple factor regression analysis were conducted on common risk factors for bile leakage.The change in surgical time was analyzed using the cumulative summation(CUSUM)method,and the minimum number of cases required to complete the learning curve for PDC was obtained based on the proposed fitting curve by identifying the CUSUM maximum value.RESULTS Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that fibrinous inflammation and direct bilirubin/indirect bilirubin were significant independent high-risk factors for postoperative bile leakage(P<0.05).The time to drain removal and length of hospital stay in cases without bile leakage were significantly shorter than in cases with bile leakage(P<0.05),with statistical significance.The CUSUM method indicated that a minimum of 51 cases were required for the surgeon to complete the learning curve(P=0.023).CONCLUSION With a good assessment of duodenal papilla sphincter function,unobstructed bile-pancreatic duct convergence,exact stone clearance,and sufficient surgical experience to complete the learning curve,PDC remains the preferred method for bile duct closure and is worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
Glycerol,a critical biomass-derived platform compound,holds significant potential for high-value biomass conversion.The selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to produce 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PDO)and 1,3-propanediol(1,3-P...Glycerol,a critical biomass-derived platform compound,holds significant potential for high-value biomass conversion.The selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to produce 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PDO)and 1,3-propanediol(1,3-PDO)is one of the most promising and representative pathways for its efficient transformation.This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in the selective catalytic hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-PDO,discussing current industrial production methods and emerging alternative conversion routes.The challenges in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-PDO are emphasized,with insights from thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives,as well as the fundamental principles of designing active sites.The focus is placed on the latest developments in bifunctional catalyst systems,including state-of-the-art Pt-WO_(x) and Ir-ReO_(x) families along with non-noble metal catalysts,highlighting the distinct roles of metal sites and Bronsted acid sites in enhancing glycerol conversion rates and 1,3-PDO selectivity.The performance of these catalysts can be optimized through tuning catalyst structural design,metal-support interactions,and reaction mechanisms.Finally,the future trends in catalyst research for glycerol hydrogenation to 1,3-PDO are analyzed,offering new perspectives for advancing research in this field.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22106074)Tianjin Science and Technology Program(23YDTPJC00540,22YJDSS00060)。
文摘Ce-β-Bi_(2)O_(3)/AgI was prepared using solvothermal calcination and in-situ deposition methods.The introduction of Ce can inhibit the conversion of Bi_(2)O_(3)fromβtoαphase at high temperatures,promoting the formation of oxygen vacancies(OVs)in the photocatalyst.OVs can adsorb more dissolved oxygen to promote the formation rate of·O^(-)_(2).Moreover,the interaction between Ce-Bi_(2)O_(3)and AgI results in the formation of Z-scheme heterojunctions,which can broaden the light absorption region,facilitate photogenerated carrier separation and transfer and enhance the ability to produce more active oxygen species(ROS).The morphology,crystal,element distribution and photo-electric chemical properties of the Ce-Bi_(2)O_(3)/AgI were analyzed,and the result shows that the optimal ratio of Ce-Bi_(2)O_(3)/AgI photocatalyst achieves a removal rate of 88.63%(180 min)of tetracycline(TC)(20 mg/L)and 100%(120 min)of methyl orange(MO)(20 mg/L).This work clarified the photocatalytic degradation mechanism,providing a promising avenue for developing photocatalytic composites by rare earth metal doping in environme ntal remediation applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272258)the Beijing Nova Program(No.20220484214)。
文摘Due to the difference in chemical potential between sulfide solid electrolytes(SSEs)and high-energy nickel-rich layered oxide cathode materials LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811),the space charge layer(SCL)with large impedance is formed at the interface,which severely compromises the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs).Herein,a gradient sulfide Ti_(3)(PO_(4))_(4)coating for NCM811 was designed and prepared.Due to the highly favorable O-S exchange,a gradient sulfide coating with structural and chemical similarity to Li_(5.3)PS_(4.3)Cl_(1.7)SSE was formed by in situ sulfide Ti_(3)(PO_(4))_(4)on the surface of NCM811 using the sulfur-rich phosphorus sulfide molecule P_(4)S_(16).The increased sulfur content towards the outer surface of the coating reduces the chemical potential difference between the NCM811 cathode and SSEs,thereby reducing the formation of the SCL and ensuring stable and fast Li^(+)transport at the interface.The full cell with gradient sulfide Ti_(3)(PO_(4))_(4)-coated NCM811 cathode(PS-NCM811@TiP)exhibited excellent long-cycle stability,with a capacity retention rate of 95.2% after 100 cycles at 0.057 mA cm^(-2)and 25℃.This work provides a new perspective on the surface modification of cathodes for sulfide-based ASSLBs.
文摘In the wave of globalization,cross-cultural communication scenarios are increasing,and college English translation teaching needs to actively adapt to this trend.In the process of teaching advancement,guidance that combines both instrumental value and humanistic connotation should be established first.Based on this,teaching methods should be flexibly adjusted,combining students’cognitive characteristics and cross-cultural translation needs to optimize methods,constantly updating teaching materials,and integrating multicultural knowledge into them.This allows students to naturally encounter language expressions in different cultural backgrounds during their learning.With the help of modern technology,broader practical scenarios can be built,breaking the limitations of traditional classrooms and closely connecting teaching with practical applications,thereby systematically improving students’cross-cultural translation abilities.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFB0700500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51574027)
文摘Brittleness is a dominant issue that restricts potential applications of Mg_2Si intermetallic compounds(IMC). In this paper, guided by first-principles calculations, we found that Al doping will enhance the ductility of Mg_2Si. The underlying mechanism is that Al doping could reduce the electronic exchange effect between Mg and Si atoms, and increase the volume module/shear modulus ratio, both of which are beneficial to the deformation capability of Mg_2Si. Experimental investigations were then carried out to verify the calculation results with Al doping contents ranging from Al-free to 10 wt%. Results showed that the obtained ductile-brittle transition temperature of the Mg_2Si–Al alloy decreased and the corresponding ductility increased. Specifically, the ductile-brittle transition temperature could be reduced by about 100℃. When the content of Al reached 6 wt%, α-Al phase started to precipitate, and the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the alloy no longer decreased.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Youth Fund of China(52302247)the Natural Youth Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ40070)。
文摘Since the advent of the solid-state batteries,employing solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)to replace routine flammable liquid electrolytes is regarded to be one of the most promising solutions in pursing highenergy-density battery systems.SPEs with superior thermal stability,good processability,and high mechanical modulus obtain increasing attentions.However,SPE-based batteries are not impenetrable due to their decomposition and combustibility under extreme conditions.Researchers believe incorporating appropriate flame-retardant additives/solvents/fragments into SPEs can intrinsically reduce their flammability to solve the battery safety issues.In this review,the recent research progress of incombustible SPEs,with special emphasis on flame-retardant structural design,is summarized.Specifically,a brief introduction of flame-retardant mechanism,evaluation index for safety of SPEs,and a detailed overview of the latest advances on diverse-types SPEs in various battery systems are highlighted.The deep insight into thermal ru naway process,the free-standing incombustible GPEs,and the ratio nal design of pouch cell structures may be the main directions to motivate revolutionary next-generation for safety batteries.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1405000)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20211277)+2 种基金the Frontier Leading Technology Basic Research Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20212004)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX230971)the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Grant No.NY223087).
文摘The study of phase transition processes in liquid crystals(LCs)remains challenging.Most thermotropic LCs exhibit a narrow temperature range and a rapid phase transition from the isotropic(ISO)to the nematic(N)phase,which make it difficult to capture and manipulate the phase transition process.In this study,we observed the evolution of small droplets during the ISO–N phase transition in ferroelectric nematic(NF)LC RM734.After doping with metal nanoparticles(NPs),the temperature range of the phase transition broadened,and the droplets formed during the phase transition remained stable,with their diameter increasing linearly with temperature.In addition,droplets doped with NPs can be well controlled by an external electric field.This discovery not only aids in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of LC phase transitions but also provides a simple alternative method for preparing droplets,which is potentially valuable for applications in optoelectronic devices and sensors.
基金Project supported by the Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YZ201639)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0703604)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51922102,92163108,and 52071327)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LR18E010002)。
文摘High-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)has proven to be very useful for detecting the temperatureinduced structural evolution and dynamics in melts.However,the sensitivity and precision of high-temperature NMR probes are limited.Here we report a sensitive and stable high-temperature NMR probe based on laser-heating,suitable for in situ studies of metallic melts,which can work stably at the temperature of up to 2000 K.In our design,a well-designed optical path and the use of a water-cooled copper radio-frequency(RF)coil significantly optimize the signal-to-noise ratio(S/NR)at high temperatures.Additionally,a precise temperature controlling system with an error of less than±1 K has been designed.After temperature calibration,the temperature measurement error is controlled within±2 K.As a performance testing,^(27)Al NMR spectra are measured in Zr-based metallic glass-forming liquid in situ.Results show that the S/NR reaches 45 within 90 s even when the sample's temperature is up to 1500 K and that the isothermal signal drift is better than0.001 ppm per hour.This high-temperature NMR probe can be used to clarify some highly debated issues about metallic liquids,such as glass transition and liquid-liquid transition.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Southwest Jiaotong University,supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFS0284).
文摘Hydrothermal carbonization is highly applicable to high moisture biomass upgrading due to the fact that moist-ure involved can be directly used as reaction media under the subcritical-water region.With this,value-added utilization of hydrochar as solid fuel with high carbon and energy density is one of the important pathways for biomass conversion.In this review,the dewatering properties of hydrochar after the hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste,coalification degree with elemental composition and evolution,pelletization of hydrochar to enhance the mechanical properties and density,coupled with the combustion properties of hydrochar biofuel were discussed with various biomass and carbonization parameters.Potential applications for the co-combustion with coal,cleaner properties and energy balance for biowaste hydrothermal carbonization were presented as well as the challenges.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51402245)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.2682016CX062)+6 种基金China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201707005071)Shenzhen Peacock Plan(Grant No.KQTD2016053019134356)Guangdong Innovative&Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(Grant No.2016ZT06C279)HPCAT operations are supported by US DOE/NNSA under Award No.DE-NA0001974DOE-BES under Award No.DE-FG02-99ER45775partial instrumentation funding by NSFAPS is supported by DOE-BES under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357。
文摘Sintering of polycrystalline diamond with selenium was investigated under pressure of 6.5-10.5 GPa at a constant temperature of 1850℃.A new carbon-selenium compound with a most plausible chemical formula of SeC and a WC-type hexagonal structure(space group P6m2)has been discovered in the recovered samples sintered at 10.5 GPa and 1850℃.Refined lattice parameters are as follows:a=2.9277(4)A,c=2.8620(4)A,V=21.245(4)A^3.The diamond compacts hot-pressed at 10.5 GPa have excellent mechanical properties with a Vickers hardness of about 68 GPa at a loading force of 19.6 N.Diamond intergrowths observed in these samples may have benefited from the catalytic effects of Se/SeC on the nucleation and crystal growth of diamond.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81960074)the Natural Science Foundation-Outstanding Youth Fund Project of Jiangxi Province(No.20232ACB216006)。
文摘BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is closely associated with hypertensive outcomes.The oxidative balance score(OBS)measures oxidative stress exposure from dietary and lifestyle elements.The objective of this study was to investigate the association between OBS and mortality in hypertensive patients.METHODS This study included 7823 hypertensive patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHA-NES)1999-2014.Several models,including Cox regression,restricted cubic splines(RCS),Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,subgroup,and sensitivity analyses,were exploited to investigate the relationship between OBS and the risk of mortality.RESULTS Controlling for all potential confounders,a significantly inverse association was observed between elevated OBS and all-cause[hazard ratio(HR)=0.90,95%CI:0.85-0.95]and cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.85,95%CI:0.75-0.95).With adjustment for covariates,significant associations between lifestyle OBS and mortality risks diminished,whereas associations between dietary OBS and these mortality risks remained robust(all-cause mortality:HR=0.91,95%CI:0.86-0.96;cardiovascular mortality:HR=0.85,95%CI:0.76-0.96).RCS demonstrated a linear relationship between OBS and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk(P_(nonlinear)=0.088 and P_(nonlinear)=0.447,respectively).Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that the mortality rate was lower with a high OBS(P<0.001).The consistency of the association was demonstrated in subgroup and sensitivity analyses.RCS after stratification showed that among current drinkers,those with higher OBS had a lower risk of mortality compared with former or never drinkers.CONCLUSIONS In hypertensive individuals,there was a negative association between OBS and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Encouraging hypertensive individuals,especially those currently drinking,to maintain high levels of OBS may be beneficial in improving their prognosis.
基金supported by the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(2022xjkk0903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42275145).
文摘Satellite observations are widely used to estimate the concentrations of surface air pollutants,but the temporal coverage of these datasets is relatively short.To overcome this limitation,we propose a wide-deep ensemble machine learning framework to reconstruct the fine particulate matter(particulate matter lower than 2.5 lm(PM_(2.5)))dataset of East Asia(EA)over the past four decades(1981-2020).The results indicate that the framework effectively leveraged the advantages of satellite observations(higher accuracy)and model-based estimations(longer temporal coverage)of surface air pollutants.The reconstructed PM_(2.5) concentrations agreed well with the ground measurements,with coefficient of determination(R^(2))and root-mean-square error(RMSE)values of 0.99 and 1.38 lg m^(3),respectively,which outperformed the satellite-based PM_(2.5) estimates.As more ground measurements were incorporated into the model for training,the average RMSE in Japan and the Korean Peninsula decreased to 0.83 and 1.50 lg m^(3),respectively.Simultaneously,on the basis of the reconstructed datasets,we investigated the exposure level to PM_(2.5) in EA from 1981 to 2020.Since 2000,the increase in anthropogenic emissions has substantially worsened the air quality in EA,and nearly 50% of the population resided in areas where the annual average PM_(2.5) concentrations exceeded 50 lg m^(3) from 2009 to 2010.Despite the implementation of various mitigation strategies by local authorities to lower the ambient PM_(2.5) concentrations,the entire exposure level in EA is still implausible to meet the World Health Organization(WHO)air quality guidelines.In addition,population aging and climate change have the potential to increase PM_(2.5) exposure risk in the future.For policy-makers in EA,it is essential to consider the effects of these factors and develop more effective mitigation strategies that aim to lessen the health impact associated with PM_(2.5) exposure.
基金Supported by the Wannan Medical College Teaching Hospital Special Application for Scientific Research,No.WK2023JXYY036the Anhui Provincial Translational Clinical Medical Research Special Application,No.202204295107020062.
文摘BACKGROUND Bile leakage is a common complication following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)with primary duct closure(PDC).Identifying and analyzing the risk factors associated with bile leakage is crucial for improving surgical outcomes.AIM To explore the value analysis of common risk factors for bile leakage after LCBDE and PDC,with a focus on strict adherence to indications.METHODS Clinical data of 106 cases undergoing LCBDE+PDC in the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department(Division 1)of Chuzhou First People’s Hospital from April 2019 to March 2024 were collected.Retrospective and multiple factor regression analysis were conducted on common risk factors for bile leakage.The change in surgical time was analyzed using the cumulative summation(CUSUM)method,and the minimum number of cases required to complete the learning curve for PDC was obtained based on the proposed fitting curve by identifying the CUSUM maximum value.RESULTS Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that fibrinous inflammation and direct bilirubin/indirect bilirubin were significant independent high-risk factors for postoperative bile leakage(P<0.05).The time to drain removal and length of hospital stay in cases without bile leakage were significantly shorter than in cases with bile leakage(P<0.05),with statistical significance.The CUSUM method indicated that a minimum of 51 cases were required for the surgeon to complete the learning curve(P=0.023).CONCLUSION With a good assessment of duodenal papilla sphincter function,unobstructed bile-pancreatic duct convergence,exact stone clearance,and sufficient surgical experience to complete the learning curve,PDC remains the preferred method for bile duct closure and is worthy of clinical promotion.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378062,U24A20564).
文摘Glycerol,a critical biomass-derived platform compound,holds significant potential for high-value biomass conversion.The selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to produce 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PDO)and 1,3-propanediol(1,3-PDO)is one of the most promising and representative pathways for its efficient transformation.This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in the selective catalytic hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-PDO,discussing current industrial production methods and emerging alternative conversion routes.The challenges in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-PDO are emphasized,with insights from thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives,as well as the fundamental principles of designing active sites.The focus is placed on the latest developments in bifunctional catalyst systems,including state-of-the-art Pt-WO_(x) and Ir-ReO_(x) families along with non-noble metal catalysts,highlighting the distinct roles of metal sites and Bronsted acid sites in enhancing glycerol conversion rates and 1,3-PDO selectivity.The performance of these catalysts can be optimized through tuning catalyst structural design,metal-support interactions,and reaction mechanisms.Finally,the future trends in catalyst research for glycerol hydrogenation to 1,3-PDO are analyzed,offering new perspectives for advancing research in this field.
