Coffee,a globally consumed beverage renowned for its distinctive taste and potential health benefits,is primarily sourced from two major varieties,Coffea arabica and C.robusta,which collectively dominate the global su...Coffee,a globally consumed beverage renowned for its distinctive taste and potential health benefits,is primarily sourced from two major varieties,Coffea arabica and C.robusta,which collectively dominate the global supply chain.This review delves into the historical origins of coffee cultivation,tracing its roots to India in the 1600s when Baba Budan introduced beans from Yemen,marking the inception of coffee farming in Karnataka’s Chikmagalur district.Despite contributing a modest 3.14%to the global coffee supply,India is the 8th largest coffee cultivar globally in 2023-24,highlighting its significance in the coffee industry.Coffee is rich in various metabolites,terpenes,phenols,and antioxidants,with caffeine being a prominent psychoactive compound in coffee beans.However,coffee cultivation faces multifaceted challenges,including environmental stressors and mold infections leading to producing aflatoxins,which pose severe health risks to humans and animals while consuming coffee.Aflatoxin B1,which has heat stability and resilience during coffee bean processing,presents a significant challenge in ensuring food safety.This review critically examines coffee consumption’s benefits and adverse effects,sheds light on aflatoxin contamination in coffee,and evaluates its implications on well-being.Additionally,it discusses regulatory measures and imposed limits to mitigate aflatoxin exposure,mainly focusing on Indian-grown coffee,where aflatoxin outbreaks have had detrimental consequences.展开更多
The present study was conducted to understand the diversity of fungal communities in peanuts using metagenomic analysis.The culture-dependent diversity analysis revealed the occurrence of aflatoxigenic fungi,Aspergill...The present study was conducted to understand the diversity of fungal communities in peanuts using metagenomic analysis.The culture-dependent diversity analysis revealed the occurrence of aflatoxigenic fungi,Aspergillus flavus(A.flavus),and Aspergillus parasiticus(A.parasiticus).Further,to mitigate aflatoxigenic fungi,a systemic deployment of essential oils(EOs)along with an investigation involved studying a competitive exclusion bioassay utilizing atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus as a biocontrol agent.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis of the results identified the primary constituents as Cuminaldehyde(EO3),Monarda citriodora essential oil containing thymol(EO8),linalool(EO14),and Terpinen-4-ol(EO16).Subsequently,the inhibition of aflatoxigenic fungi was assessed using a fumigant bioassay accomplished with an effective concentration noted at a dose of 2.5μL-10μL/107 cm^(3).The prominent inhibition of aflatoxin by atoxigenic A.flavus in competitive exclusion assay under co-culture conditions with aflatoxigenic A.flavus and A.parasiticus has been noteworthy.Hence,aflatoxin mitigation using the following approaches could be eco-friendly for the storage of peanuts under postharvest conditions.展开更多
文摘Coffee,a globally consumed beverage renowned for its distinctive taste and potential health benefits,is primarily sourced from two major varieties,Coffea arabica and C.robusta,which collectively dominate the global supply chain.This review delves into the historical origins of coffee cultivation,tracing its roots to India in the 1600s when Baba Budan introduced beans from Yemen,marking the inception of coffee farming in Karnataka’s Chikmagalur district.Despite contributing a modest 3.14%to the global coffee supply,India is the 8th largest coffee cultivar globally in 2023-24,highlighting its significance in the coffee industry.Coffee is rich in various metabolites,terpenes,phenols,and antioxidants,with caffeine being a prominent psychoactive compound in coffee beans.However,coffee cultivation faces multifaceted challenges,including environmental stressors and mold infections leading to producing aflatoxins,which pose severe health risks to humans and animals while consuming coffee.Aflatoxin B1,which has heat stability and resilience during coffee bean processing,presents a significant challenge in ensuring food safety.This review critically examines coffee consumption’s benefits and adverse effects,sheds light on aflatoxin contamination in coffee,and evaluates its implications on well-being.Additionally,it discusses regulatory measures and imposed limits to mitigate aflatoxin exposure,mainly focusing on Indian-grown coffee,where aflatoxin outbreaks have had detrimental consequences.
基金acknowledges CSIR’s Endophyte Network Project(FBR Scheme MLP 0048).The authors sincerely acknowledge the facilities provided by the Director,CSIR-CFTRI Mysore Karnataka(CFTRI Manuscript Communication Number:PMC/2023-24/134).
文摘The present study was conducted to understand the diversity of fungal communities in peanuts using metagenomic analysis.The culture-dependent diversity analysis revealed the occurrence of aflatoxigenic fungi,Aspergillus flavus(A.flavus),and Aspergillus parasiticus(A.parasiticus).Further,to mitigate aflatoxigenic fungi,a systemic deployment of essential oils(EOs)along with an investigation involved studying a competitive exclusion bioassay utilizing atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus as a biocontrol agent.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis of the results identified the primary constituents as Cuminaldehyde(EO3),Monarda citriodora essential oil containing thymol(EO8),linalool(EO14),and Terpinen-4-ol(EO16).Subsequently,the inhibition of aflatoxigenic fungi was assessed using a fumigant bioassay accomplished with an effective concentration noted at a dose of 2.5μL-10μL/107 cm^(3).The prominent inhibition of aflatoxin by atoxigenic A.flavus in competitive exclusion assay under co-culture conditions with aflatoxigenic A.flavus and A.parasiticus has been noteworthy.Hence,aflatoxin mitigation using the following approaches could be eco-friendly for the storage of peanuts under postharvest conditions.
