The quest for realizing novel fundamental physical effects and practical applications in ambient conditions has led to tremendous interest in microcavity exciton polaritons working in the strong coupling regime at roo...The quest for realizing novel fundamental physical effects and practical applications in ambient conditions has led to tremendous interest in microcavity exciton polaritons working in the strong coupling regime at room temperature.In the past few decades,a wide range of novel semiconductor systems supporting robust exciton polaritons have emerged,which has led to the realization of various fascinating phenomena and practical applications.This paper aims to review recent theoretical and experimental developments of exciton polaritons operating at room temperature,and includes a comprehensive theoretical background,descriptions of intriguing phenomena observed in various physical systems,as well as accounts of optoelectronic applications.Specifically,an in-depth review of physical systems achieving room temperature exciton polaritons will be presented,including the early development of ZnO and GaN microcavities and other emerging systems such as organics,halide perovskite semiconductors,carbon nanotubes,and transition metal dichalcogenides.Finally,a perspective of outlooking future developments will be elaborated.展开更多
Optical parametric oscillators(OPOs)have been widely applied in spectroscopy,squeezed light,and correlated photons,as well as quantum information.Conventional OPOs usually suffer from a high power threshold limited by...Optical parametric oscillators(OPOs)have been widely applied in spectroscopy,squeezed light,and correlated photons,as well as quantum information.Conventional OPOs usually suffer from a high power threshold limited by weak high-order nonlinearity in traditional pure photonic systems.Alternatively,polaritonic systems based on hybridized exciton–photon quasi-particles exhibit enhanced optical nonlinearity by dressing photons with excitons,ensuring highly nonlinear operations with low power consumption.We report an on-chip perovskite polariton parametric oscillator with a low threshold.Under the resonant excitation at a range of angles,the signal at the ground state is obtained,emerging from the polariton-polariton interactions at room temperature.Our results advocate a practical way toward integrated nonlinear polaritonic devices with low thresholds.展开更多
In recent years,two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals materials have emerged as a focal point in materials research,drawing increasing attention due to their potential for isolating and synergistically combining diverse at...In recent years,two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals materials have emerged as a focal point in materials research,drawing increasing attention due to their potential for isolating and synergistically combining diverse atomic layers.Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are one of the most alluring van der Waals materials owing to their exceptional electronic and optical properties.The tightly bound excitons with giant oscillator strength render TMDs an ideal platform to investigate strong light-matter coupling when they are integrated with optical cavities,providing a wide range of possibilities for exploring novel polaritonic physics and devices.In this review,we focused on recent advances in TMD-based strong light-matter coupling.In the foremost position,we discuss the various optical structures strongly coupled to TMD materials,such as Fabry-Perot cavities,photonic crystals,and plasmonic nanocavities.We then present several intriguing properties and relevant device applications of TMD polaritons.In the end,we delineate promising future directions for the study of strong light-matter coupling in van der Waals materials.展开更多
The strong coupling of an excitonic transition with an electromagnetic mode results in composite quasi-particles called exciton polaritons,which have been shown to combine the best properties of their individual compo...The strong coupling of an excitonic transition with an electromagnetic mode results in composite quasi-particles called exciton polaritons,which have been shown to combine the best properties of their individual components in semiconductor microcavities.However,the physics and applications of polariton flows in organic materials and at room temperature are still unexplored because of the poor photon confinement in such structures.Here,we demonstrate that polaritons formed by the hybridization of organic excitons with a Bloch surface wave are able to propagate for hundreds of microns showing remarkable third-order nonlinear interactions upon high injection density.These findings pave the way for the study of organic nonlinear light–matter fluxes and for a technologically promising route of the realization of dissipation-less on-chip polariton devices operating at room temperature.展开更多
Semiconductor devices are strong competitors in the race for the development of quantum computational systems.In this work,we interface two semiconductor building blocks of different dimensionalities with complementar...Semiconductor devices are strong competitors in the race for the development of quantum computational systems.In this work,we interface two semiconductor building blocks of different dimensionalities with complementary properties:(1)a quantum dot hosting a single exciton and acting as a nearly ideal single-photon emitter and(2)a quantum well in a 2D microcavity sustaining polaritons,which are known for their strong interactions and unique hydrodynamic properties,including ultrafast real-time monitoring of their propagation and phase mapping.In the present experiment,we can thus observe how the injected single particles propagate and evolve inside the microcavity,giving rise to hydrodynamic features typical of macroscopic systems despite their genuine intrinsic quantum nature.In the presence of a structural defect,we observe the celebrated quantum interference of a single particle that produces fringes reminiscent of wave propagation.While this behavior could be theoretically expected,our imaging of such an interference pattern,together with a measurement of antibunching,constitutes the first demonstration of spatial mapping of the self-interference of a single quantum particle impinging on an obstacle.展开更多
基金Q.Xiong gratefully acknowledges funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12020101003)the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics at Tsinghua University.S.Ghosh gratefully acknowledges the support from the Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas)of the National Natural Science Foundation of China.R.Su and T.Liew gratefully acknowledge the funding support from Nanyang Technological University via a start-up grant and the Singapore Ministry of Education via the AcRF Tier 3 Programme“Geometrical Quantum Materials”(MOE2018-T3-1-002).
文摘The quest for realizing novel fundamental physical effects and practical applications in ambient conditions has led to tremendous interest in microcavity exciton polaritons working in the strong coupling regime at room temperature.In the past few decades,a wide range of novel semiconductor systems supporting robust exciton polaritons have emerged,which has led to the realization of various fascinating phenomena and practical applications.This paper aims to review recent theoretical and experimental developments of exciton polaritons operating at room temperature,and includes a comprehensive theoretical background,descriptions of intriguing phenomena observed in various physical systems,as well as accounts of optoelectronic applications.Specifically,an in-depth review of physical systems achieving room temperature exciton polaritons will be presented,including the early development of ZnO and GaN microcavities and other emerging systems such as organics,halide perovskite semiconductors,carbon nanotubes,and transition metal dichalcogenides.Finally,a perspective of outlooking future developments will be elaborated.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12020101003)the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics for the strong support+2 种基金Tsinghua University for the start-up grantthe support from the Singapore Ministry of Education via the AcRF Tier 3 Programme“Geometrical Quantum Materials”(No.MOE2018-T3-1-002)AcRF Tier 2(Nos.MOE2018-T2-2-068 and MOE2019-T2-1-004).
文摘Optical parametric oscillators(OPOs)have been widely applied in spectroscopy,squeezed light,and correlated photons,as well as quantum information.Conventional OPOs usually suffer from a high power threshold limited by weak high-order nonlinearity in traditional pure photonic systems.Alternatively,polaritonic systems based on hybridized exciton–photon quasi-particles exhibit enhanced optical nonlinearity by dressing photons with excitons,ensuring highly nonlinear operations with low power consumption.We report an on-chip perovskite polariton parametric oscillator with a low threshold.Under the resonant excitation at a range of angles,the signal at the ground state is obtained,emerging from the polariton-polariton interactions at room temperature.Our results advocate a practical way toward integrated nonlinear polaritonic devices with low thresholds.
基金Q.X.gratefully acknowledges the following funding sources:National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant no.2022YFA1204700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.12250710126)+2 种基金funding support from the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics of Tsinghua University and the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.J.Z and T.L.gratefully acknowledge support from the Singapore Ministry of Education via the AcRF Tier 3 Program"Geometrical Quantum Materials"(MOE2018-T3-1-002)S.G.gratefully acknowledges funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12274034)the start-up grant from the Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences.
文摘In recent years,two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals materials have emerged as a focal point in materials research,drawing increasing attention due to their potential for isolating and synergistically combining diverse atomic layers.Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are one of the most alluring van der Waals materials owing to their exceptional electronic and optical properties.The tightly bound excitons with giant oscillator strength render TMDs an ideal platform to investigate strong light-matter coupling when they are integrated with optical cavities,providing a wide range of possibilities for exploring novel polaritonic physics and devices.In this review,we focused on recent advances in TMD-based strong light-matter coupling.In the foremost position,we discuss the various optical structures strongly coupled to TMD materials,such as Fabry-Perot cavities,photonic crystals,and plasmonic nanocavities.We then present several intriguing properties and relevant device applications of TMD polaritons.In the end,we delineate promising future directions for the study of strong light-matter coupling in van der Waals materials.
基金funded by the MIUR project Beyond Nano and the ERC project POLAFLOW(Grant No.308136).
文摘The strong coupling of an excitonic transition with an electromagnetic mode results in composite quasi-particles called exciton polaritons,which have been shown to combine the best properties of their individual components in semiconductor microcavities.However,the physics and applications of polariton flows in organic materials and at room temperature are still unexplored because of the poor photon confinement in such structures.Here,we demonstrate that polaritons formed by the hybridization of organic excitons with a Bloch surface wave are able to propagate for hundreds of microns showing remarkable third-order nonlinear interactions upon high injection density.These findings pave the way for the study of organic nonlinear light–matter fluxes and for a technologically promising route of the realization of dissipation-less on-chip polariton devices operating at room temperature.
基金the ERC project Elecopter grant number 780757 for financial supportCorrect Systems Lab funded by the state of Upper Austria and the Austrian Science Fund(FWF):P29603 for financial support+2 种基金the project FISR—C.N.R.“Tecnopolo di nanotecnologia e fotonica per la medicina di precisione”-CUP B83B17000010001“Progetto Tecnopolo per la Medicina di precisione,Deliberazione della Giunta Regionale n.2117 del 21/11/2018”the PRIN project Inphopol.
文摘Semiconductor devices are strong competitors in the race for the development of quantum computational systems.In this work,we interface two semiconductor building blocks of different dimensionalities with complementary properties:(1)a quantum dot hosting a single exciton and acting as a nearly ideal single-photon emitter and(2)a quantum well in a 2D microcavity sustaining polaritons,which are known for their strong interactions and unique hydrodynamic properties,including ultrafast real-time monitoring of their propagation and phase mapping.In the present experiment,we can thus observe how the injected single particles propagate and evolve inside the microcavity,giving rise to hydrodynamic features typical of macroscopic systems despite their genuine intrinsic quantum nature.In the presence of a structural defect,we observe the celebrated quantum interference of a single particle that produces fringes reminiscent of wave propagation.While this behavior could be theoretically expected,our imaging of such an interference pattern,together with a measurement of antibunching,constitutes the first demonstration of spatial mapping of the self-interference of a single quantum particle impinging on an obstacle.
