The increasing incidence of bone diseases has driven research towards Bone Tissue Engineering(BTE),an innovative discipline that uses biomaterials to develop three-dimensional(3D)scafolds capable of mimicking the natu...The increasing incidence of bone diseases has driven research towards Bone Tissue Engineering(BTE),an innovative discipline that uses biomaterials to develop three-dimensional(3D)scafolds capable of mimicking the natural environment of bone tissue.Traditional approaches relying on two-dimensional(2D)models have exhibited signifcant limitations in simulating cellular interactions and the complexity of the bone microenvironment.In response to these challenges,3D models such as organoids and cellular spheroids have emerged as efective tools for studying bone regeneration.Adult mesenchymal stem cells have proven crucial in this context,as they can diferentiate into osteoblasts and contribute to bone tissue repair.Furthermore,the integration of composite biomaterials has shown substantial potential in enhancing bone healing.Advanced technologies like microfuidics ofer additional opportunities to create controlled environments for cell culture,facilitating more detailed studies on bone regeneration.These advancements represent a fundamental step forward in the treatment of bone pathologies and the promotion of skeletal health.In this review,we report on the evolution of in vitro culture models applied to the study of bone healing/regrowth,starting from 2 to 3D cultures and microfuids.The diferent methodologies of in vitro model generation,cells and biomaterials are presented and discussed.展开更多
基金supported,in part,by grants from University of Ferrara,Fondo di Ateneo per la Ricerca(FAR 2023 and FAR 2024)to EM and FMFondo per l’Incentivazione alla Ricerca Dipartimentale(FIRD)grant to EM 2023+1 种基金Ministero dell’Universitàe Ricerca(MUR)PRIN 2017,project code C8RYSS to FMFoundation Cariverona and Foundation Caritro,Bando Ricerca e Sviluppo,2020 code number 50457 to ADA and LT.
文摘The increasing incidence of bone diseases has driven research towards Bone Tissue Engineering(BTE),an innovative discipline that uses biomaterials to develop three-dimensional(3D)scafolds capable of mimicking the natural environment of bone tissue.Traditional approaches relying on two-dimensional(2D)models have exhibited signifcant limitations in simulating cellular interactions and the complexity of the bone microenvironment.In response to these challenges,3D models such as organoids and cellular spheroids have emerged as efective tools for studying bone regeneration.Adult mesenchymal stem cells have proven crucial in this context,as they can diferentiate into osteoblasts and contribute to bone tissue repair.Furthermore,the integration of composite biomaterials has shown substantial potential in enhancing bone healing.Advanced technologies like microfuidics ofer additional opportunities to create controlled environments for cell culture,facilitating more detailed studies on bone regeneration.These advancements represent a fundamental step forward in the treatment of bone pathologies and the promotion of skeletal health.In this review,we report on the evolution of in vitro culture models applied to the study of bone healing/regrowth,starting from 2 to 3D cultures and microfuids.The diferent methodologies of in vitro model generation,cells and biomaterials are presented and discussed.
