The relationship between differences in microwave humidity sounder(MHS)–channel biases which represent measured brightness temperatures and model-simulated brightness temperatures, and cloud ice water path(IWP) as we...The relationship between differences in microwave humidity sounder(MHS)–channel biases which represent measured brightness temperatures and model-simulated brightness temperatures, and cloud ice water path(IWP) as well as the influence of the cloud liquid water path(LWP) on the relationship is examined. Seven years(2011–17) of NOAA-18 MHS-derived measured brightness temperatures and IWP/LWP data generated by the NOAA Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System Microwave Surface and Precipitation Products System are used. The Community Radiative Transfer Model, version2.2.4, is used to simulate model-simulated brightness temperatures using European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data as background fields. Scan-angle deviations of the MHS window channel biases range from-1.7 K to1.0 K. The relationships between channels 2, 4, and 5 biases and scan angle are symmetrical about the nadir. The latitudedependent deviations of MHS window channel biases are positive and range from 0–7 K. For MHS non-window channels,the latitudinal deviations between measured brightness temperatures and model-simulated brightness temperatures are larger when the detection height is higher. No systematic warm or cold deviations are found in the global spatial distribution of difference between measured brightness temperatures and model-simulated brightness temperatures over oceans after removing scan-angle and latitudinal deviations. The corrected biases of five different MHS channels decrease differently with respect to the increase in IWP. This decrease is stronger when LWP values are higher.展开更多
Psychological stress causes gut microbial dysbiosis and cancer progression,yet how gut microbiota determines psychological stressinduced tumor development remains unclear.Here we showed that psychological stress promo...Psychological stress causes gut microbial dysbiosis and cancer progression,yet how gut microbiota determines psychological stressinduced tumor development remains unclear.Here we showed that psychological stress promotes breast tumor growth and cancer stemness,an outcome that depends on gut microbiota in germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice.Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that psychological stress markedly alters the composition and abundance of gut microbiota,especially Akkermansia muciniphila(A.muciniphila),and decreases short-chain fatty acid butyrate.Supplement of active A.muciniphila,butyrate or a butyrateproducing high fiber diet dramatically reversed the oncogenic property and anxiety-like behavior of psychological stress in a murine spontaneous tumor model or an orthotopic tumor model.Mechanistically,RNA sequencing analysis screened out that butyrate decreases LRP5 expression to block the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,dampening breast cancer stemness.Moreover,butyrate as a HDAC inhibitor elevated histone H3K9 acetylation level to transcriptionally activate ZFP36,which further accelerates LRP5 mRNA decay by binding adenine uridine-rich(AU-rich)elements of LRP5 transcript.Clinically,fecal A.muciniphila and serum butyrate were inversely correlated with tumoral LRP5/β-catenin expression,poor prognosis and negative mood in breast cancer patients.Altogether,our findings uncover a microbiota-dependent mechanism of psychological stress-triggered cancer stemness,and provide both clinical biomarkers and potential therapeutic avenues for cancer patients undergoing psychological stress.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1507302)the Mathematical Theories and Methods of Data Assimilation supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91730304)
文摘The relationship between differences in microwave humidity sounder(MHS)–channel biases which represent measured brightness temperatures and model-simulated brightness temperatures, and cloud ice water path(IWP) as well as the influence of the cloud liquid water path(LWP) on the relationship is examined. Seven years(2011–17) of NOAA-18 MHS-derived measured brightness temperatures and IWP/LWP data generated by the NOAA Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System Microwave Surface and Precipitation Products System are used. The Community Radiative Transfer Model, version2.2.4, is used to simulate model-simulated brightness temperatures using European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data as background fields. Scan-angle deviations of the MHS window channel biases range from-1.7 K to1.0 K. The relationships between channels 2, 4, and 5 biases and scan angle are symmetrical about the nadir. The latitudedependent deviations of MHS window channel biases are positive and range from 0–7 K. For MHS non-window channels,the latitudinal deviations between measured brightness temperatures and model-simulated brightness temperatures are larger when the detection height is higher. No systematic warm or cold deviations are found in the global spatial distribution of difference between measured brightness temperatures and model-simulated brightness temperatures over oceans after removing scan-angle and latitudinal deviations. The corrected biases of five different MHS channels decrease differently with respect to the increase in IWP. This decrease is stronger when LWP values are higher.
基金supported by the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82321003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82273480,82341020,82473131,82373096,82173361)+4 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1104002)Applied Basic Research Planning Project of Liaoning(2023JH2/101600019)Science and technology innovation team project of basic scientific research project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(LJ222410161065)the Science and Technology Talent Innovation Support Policy Implementation Program of Dalian-Outstanding young scientific and technological talents(2023RY013)the Shenzhen Bay Laboratory ResearchFunds(SZBL2021080601001toQL).
文摘Psychological stress causes gut microbial dysbiosis and cancer progression,yet how gut microbiota determines psychological stressinduced tumor development remains unclear.Here we showed that psychological stress promotes breast tumor growth and cancer stemness,an outcome that depends on gut microbiota in germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice.Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that psychological stress markedly alters the composition and abundance of gut microbiota,especially Akkermansia muciniphila(A.muciniphila),and decreases short-chain fatty acid butyrate.Supplement of active A.muciniphila,butyrate or a butyrateproducing high fiber diet dramatically reversed the oncogenic property and anxiety-like behavior of psychological stress in a murine spontaneous tumor model or an orthotopic tumor model.Mechanistically,RNA sequencing analysis screened out that butyrate decreases LRP5 expression to block the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,dampening breast cancer stemness.Moreover,butyrate as a HDAC inhibitor elevated histone H3K9 acetylation level to transcriptionally activate ZFP36,which further accelerates LRP5 mRNA decay by binding adenine uridine-rich(AU-rich)elements of LRP5 transcript.Clinically,fecal A.muciniphila and serum butyrate were inversely correlated with tumoral LRP5/β-catenin expression,poor prognosis and negative mood in breast cancer patients.Altogether,our findings uncover a microbiota-dependent mechanism of psychological stress-triggered cancer stemness,and provide both clinical biomarkers and potential therapeutic avenues for cancer patients undergoing psychological stress.
