The present study was to investigate pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of extracts from stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Standard procedures have been followed to evaluate the pharmacognosti...The present study was to investigate pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of extracts from stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Standard procedures have been followed to evaluate the pharmacognostical properties and preliminary screening of phytochemicals of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Albino Wistar rats(either sex) weighing 150–200 g were taken and made to acclimatize by providing them with the appropriate room conditions in the experimental room. Excision wound model has been selected for analgesic and wound healing activity for evaluating potential of the water-extract and ethanolic extract from the stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. The macroscopic and microscopic studies showed the various characteristic features of stems. Preliminary screening of phytochemicals reveled that alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids were the major groups of phytochemicals present in the successive extracts. Water and ethanolic extracts from stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were able to alleviate pain and wounds. It is concluded that the stems of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb have a markedly therapeutic potential to heal wound and may provide the pharmacological basis for its folk uses.展开更多
The building construction industry is a major contributor of environmental pollution, with high levels of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, all of which contribute to climate change. Housing is the sing...The building construction industry is a major contributor of environmental pollution, with high levels of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, all of which contribute to climate change. Housing is the single largest subsector of the construction industry. It is also a basic need associated with social and economic benefits, and its demand in most emerging economies is substantial. Hence it is a sector with significant potential not to mitigate just the negative impact of climate change on buildings and people, but also to reduce the impact of the construction industry on the natural environment. Green buildings technology has advanced greatly in recent years, but most “high performance” green buildings are capital intensive, often with high-tech applications that are not in easy reach of the mass housing market. In the developing country context, where huge segments of the population lack access to essential services or housing, the green buildings approach to addressing climate change is perceived to be largely unaffordable. For green technology to be adopted in poorer nations and have scalable impact, it will have to be low-cost and affordable. According to a 2010 report, buildings in the commercial, office and hospitality sectors are poised to grow at 8% annually over the next 10 years in India. While the retail sector has been growing rapidly at 8% per annum, the residential sector has seen growth of 5% per annum during this period. It is estimated that over 70 million New Urban Housing Units will be required over the next 20 Years.展开更多
Multidrug-resistant(MDR)gram-negative bacteria(GNB)are responsible for high mortality and morbidity in health care settings world-wide.They have been declared as priority pathogens by the WHO for their continuously es...Multidrug-resistant(MDR)gram-negative bacteria(GNB)are responsible for high mortality and morbidity in health care settings world-wide.They have been declared as priority pathogens by the WHO for their continuously escalating antimicrobial resistance.Neverthe-less,data associated with MDR GNB in health care–associated infections are insufficient.Surgical site infections(SSIs)are among the most commonly occurring health care–associated infections.Such infections are particularly common when bacteria from a patient’s normal microflora are transferred to the surgical sites during surgical procedures.SSIs affect approximately 0.5%–3%of patients under-going surgery,resulting in prolonged hospital stays compared with patients without SSIs.SSIs result in severe problems and lead to a heavy economic burden.Most SSIs can be avoided if suitable preventive measures are employed.Novel findings support the dedicated usage of oral preoperative surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis for specific surgeries based on sites/organs.Immediate interventions are sought to control the transmission of MDR GNB typically found in hospital settings.The present narrative review aims to describe MDR GNB in SSIs in different sites.Antimicrobial resistance epidemiology and preventive measures for SSIs are also discussed.Differ-ent intrinsic and extrinsic factors and control measures are elaborated for curbing SSIs.展开更多
文摘The present study was to investigate pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of extracts from stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Standard procedures have been followed to evaluate the pharmacognostical properties and preliminary screening of phytochemicals of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Albino Wistar rats(either sex) weighing 150–200 g were taken and made to acclimatize by providing them with the appropriate room conditions in the experimental room. Excision wound model has been selected for analgesic and wound healing activity for evaluating potential of the water-extract and ethanolic extract from the stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. The macroscopic and microscopic studies showed the various characteristic features of stems. Preliminary screening of phytochemicals reveled that alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids were the major groups of phytochemicals present in the successive extracts. Water and ethanolic extracts from stem of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were able to alleviate pain and wounds. It is concluded that the stems of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb have a markedly therapeutic potential to heal wound and may provide the pharmacological basis for its folk uses.
文摘The building construction industry is a major contributor of environmental pollution, with high levels of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, all of which contribute to climate change. Housing is the single largest subsector of the construction industry. It is also a basic need associated with social and economic benefits, and its demand in most emerging economies is substantial. Hence it is a sector with significant potential not to mitigate just the negative impact of climate change on buildings and people, but also to reduce the impact of the construction industry on the natural environment. Green buildings technology has advanced greatly in recent years, but most “high performance” green buildings are capital intensive, often with high-tech applications that are not in easy reach of the mass housing market. In the developing country context, where huge segments of the population lack access to essential services or housing, the green buildings approach to addressing climate change is perceived to be largely unaffordable. For green technology to be adopted in poorer nations and have scalable impact, it will have to be low-cost and affordable. According to a 2010 report, buildings in the commercial, office and hospitality sectors are poised to grow at 8% annually over the next 10 years in India. While the retail sector has been growing rapidly at 8% per annum, the residential sector has seen growth of 5% per annum during this period. It is estimated that over 70 million New Urban Housing Units will be required over the next 20 Years.
文摘Multidrug-resistant(MDR)gram-negative bacteria(GNB)are responsible for high mortality and morbidity in health care settings world-wide.They have been declared as priority pathogens by the WHO for their continuously escalating antimicrobial resistance.Neverthe-less,data associated with MDR GNB in health care–associated infections are insufficient.Surgical site infections(SSIs)are among the most commonly occurring health care–associated infections.Such infections are particularly common when bacteria from a patient’s normal microflora are transferred to the surgical sites during surgical procedures.SSIs affect approximately 0.5%–3%of patients under-going surgery,resulting in prolonged hospital stays compared with patients without SSIs.SSIs result in severe problems and lead to a heavy economic burden.Most SSIs can be avoided if suitable preventive measures are employed.Novel findings support the dedicated usage of oral preoperative surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis for specific surgeries based on sites/organs.Immediate interventions are sought to control the transmission of MDR GNB typically found in hospital settings.The present narrative review aims to describe MDR GNB in SSIs in different sites.Antimicrobial resistance epidemiology and preventive measures for SSIs are also discussed.Differ-ent intrinsic and extrinsic factors and control measures are elaborated for curbing SSIs.
