Post-translational modifications(PTMs)of proteins play a crucial role in living organisms,altering the properties and functions of proteins.There are over 450 known PTMs involved in various life activities.LSD1(lysine...Post-translational modifications(PTMs)of proteins play a crucial role in living organisms,altering the properties and functions of proteins.There are over 450 known PTMs involved in various life activities.LSD1(lysine-specific demethylase 1)is the first identified histone demethylase that can remove monomethylation or dimethylation modifications from histone H3 lysine K4(H3K4)and histone H3 lysine K9(H3K9).This ability of LSD1 allows it to inhibit or activate transcription.LSD1 has been found to abnormally express at the protein level in various tumors, making it relevant to multiple diseases. As a PTM enzyme, LSD1 itself undergoes various PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, methylation, SUMOylation, and S-nitrosylation, influencing its activity and function. Dysregulation of thesePTMs has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders,neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and bone diseases. Understanding the speciesof PTMs and functions regulated by various PTMs of LSD1 provides insights into its involvementin diverse physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we discuss the structuralcharacteristics of LSD1 and amino acid residues that affect its enzyme activity. We also summarize the potential PTMs that occur on LSD1 and their involvement in cellular processes.Furthermore, we describe human diseases associated with abnormal expression of LSD1. Thiscomprehensive analysis sheds light on the intricate interplay between PTMs and the functionsof LSD1, highlighting their significance in health and diseases.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Research of Medical Science and Technique Foundation of Henan Province,China(No.SBGJ202301004 to X.B.C.)the Key Project of the High Education from the Education Department of Henan Province,China(No.22ZX008 to Y.C.Z.)+4 种基金the Youth Supporting Program from Henan Province,China(No.2021HYTP060 to Y.C.Z.)the Youth Supporting Program from Zhengzhou University(No.JC202044046 to Y.C.Z.)the Science and Technology Project of Henan Province,China(No.232102311179 to Y.G.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20416,82020108030 to H.M.L,82103997 to B.W.)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M692950 to B.W.,2021M702942 to L.J.Z.).
文摘Post-translational modifications(PTMs)of proteins play a crucial role in living organisms,altering the properties and functions of proteins.There are over 450 known PTMs involved in various life activities.LSD1(lysine-specific demethylase 1)is the first identified histone demethylase that can remove monomethylation or dimethylation modifications from histone H3 lysine K4(H3K4)and histone H3 lysine K9(H3K9).This ability of LSD1 allows it to inhibit or activate transcription.LSD1 has been found to abnormally express at the protein level in various tumors, making it relevant to multiple diseases. As a PTM enzyme, LSD1 itself undergoes various PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, methylation, SUMOylation, and S-nitrosylation, influencing its activity and function. Dysregulation of thesePTMs has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders,neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and bone diseases. Understanding the speciesof PTMs and functions regulated by various PTMs of LSD1 provides insights into its involvementin diverse physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we discuss the structuralcharacteristics of LSD1 and amino acid residues that affect its enzyme activity. We also summarize the potential PTMs that occur on LSD1 and their involvement in cellular processes.Furthermore, we describe human diseases associated with abnormal expression of LSD1. Thiscomprehensive analysis sheds light on the intricate interplay between PTMs and the functionsof LSD1, highlighting their significance in health and diseases.
