BACKGROUND An in vitro injury model mimicking a corneal surface injury was optimised using human corneal epithelial cells(hCEC).AIM To investigate whether corneal-stroma derived stem cells(CSSC) seeded on an amniotic ...BACKGROUND An in vitro injury model mimicking a corneal surface injury was optimised using human corneal epithelial cells(hCEC).AIM To investigate whether corneal-stroma derived stem cells(CSSC) seeded on an amniotic membrane(AM) construct manifests an anti-inflammatory, healing response.METHODS Treatment of hCEC with ethanol and pro-inflammatory cytokines were compared in terms of viability loss, cytotoxicity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release, in order to generate the in vitro injury. This resulted in an optimal injury of 20%(v/v) ethanol for 30 s with 1 ng/mL interleukin-1(IL-1) beta. Co-culture experiments were performed with CSSC alone and with CSSC-AM constructs.The effect of injury and co-culture on viability, cytotoxicity, IL-6 and IL-8 production, and IL1 B, TNF, IL6, and CXCL8 mRNA expression were assessed.RESULTS Co-culture with CSSC inhibited loss of hCEC viability caused by injury. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction showed a significant reduction in the production of IL-6 and IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression during co-culture with CSSC alone and with the AM construct. These results confirmed the therapeutic potential of the CSSC and the possible use of AM as a cell carrier for application to the ocular surface.CONCLUSION CSSC were shown to have a potentially therapeutic anti-inflammatory effectwhen treating injured hCEC, demonstrating an important role in corneal regeneration and wound healing, leading to an improved knowledge of their potential use for research and therapeutic purposes.展开更多
Skin care products are often designed to provide tangible, physical benefits to skin health. Alleviation of dry skin and minimization of the signs of aging and post-injury scarring are important benefits targeted by m...Skin care products are often designed to provide tangible, physical benefits to skin health. Alleviation of dry skin and minimization of the signs of aging and post-injury scarring are important benefits targeted by many products on the market. Equally important to these benefits are favorable, desirable sensory attributes, without which products are unlikely to be used and repurchased. Other products are designed primarily to deliver sensory—or sensual—benefits (e.g., many cosmetic creams). This review considers the tactile sensory experience delivered by skin care products by examining: 1) their instrumentally-measured rheology and tribology;2) their influence on the skin’s mechanics (e.g., compliance);3) their implications for changing sensory function (e.g., tactile sensitivity);and 4) the possibility that skin care products alter their own perception. Products that contain chemosensates (e.g., capsaicin, menthol) or pharmaceutical actives are not considered here. Although numerous perceptual-physical links have been reported, formulation rules by which products can be designed for optimal skinfeels are currently unavailable from the existing literature. This is because of inconsistencies among studies in the perceptual attributes investigated, the physical characterizations chosen to describe the products, and analysis methods employed. To provide a robust method for designing products with beneficial and desirable skinfeels, we propose the use of 1) a consistent lexicon that fully describes the perceptual experience of any product investigated, 2) a means of recording the mechanical events at the fingertip skin that occur when a skin care product is manually applied to the body. This approach contrasts with previous instrumental (in vitro) methods that may not generalize well to product-treated human skin (in vivo). Ongoing studies that record mechanical events at the skin surface show promise in identifying realistic models of the perception of skin care products.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND An in vitro injury model mimicking a corneal surface injury was optimised using human corneal epithelial cells(hCEC).AIM To investigate whether corneal-stroma derived stem cells(CSSC) seeded on an amniotic membrane(AM) construct manifests an anti-inflammatory, healing response.METHODS Treatment of hCEC with ethanol and pro-inflammatory cytokines were compared in terms of viability loss, cytotoxicity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release, in order to generate the in vitro injury. This resulted in an optimal injury of 20%(v/v) ethanol for 30 s with 1 ng/mL interleukin-1(IL-1) beta. Co-culture experiments were performed with CSSC alone and with CSSC-AM constructs.The effect of injury and co-culture on viability, cytotoxicity, IL-6 and IL-8 production, and IL1 B, TNF, IL6, and CXCL8 mRNA expression were assessed.RESULTS Co-culture with CSSC inhibited loss of hCEC viability caused by injury. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction showed a significant reduction in the production of IL-6 and IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression during co-culture with CSSC alone and with the AM construct. These results confirmed the therapeutic potential of the CSSC and the possible use of AM as a cell carrier for application to the ocular surface.CONCLUSION CSSC were shown to have a potentially therapeutic anti-inflammatory effectwhen treating injured hCEC, demonstrating an important role in corneal regeneration and wound healing, leading to an improved knowledge of their potential use for research and therapeutic purposes.
文摘Skin care products are often designed to provide tangible, physical benefits to skin health. Alleviation of dry skin and minimization of the signs of aging and post-injury scarring are important benefits targeted by many products on the market. Equally important to these benefits are favorable, desirable sensory attributes, without which products are unlikely to be used and repurchased. Other products are designed primarily to deliver sensory—or sensual—benefits (e.g., many cosmetic creams). This review considers the tactile sensory experience delivered by skin care products by examining: 1) their instrumentally-measured rheology and tribology;2) their influence on the skin’s mechanics (e.g., compliance);3) their implications for changing sensory function (e.g., tactile sensitivity);and 4) the possibility that skin care products alter their own perception. Products that contain chemosensates (e.g., capsaicin, menthol) or pharmaceutical actives are not considered here. Although numerous perceptual-physical links have been reported, formulation rules by which products can be designed for optimal skinfeels are currently unavailable from the existing literature. This is because of inconsistencies among studies in the perceptual attributes investigated, the physical characterizations chosen to describe the products, and analysis methods employed. To provide a robust method for designing products with beneficial and desirable skinfeels, we propose the use of 1) a consistent lexicon that fully describes the perceptual experience of any product investigated, 2) a means of recording the mechanical events at the fingertip skin that occur when a skin care product is manually applied to the body. This approach contrasts with previous instrumental (in vitro) methods that may not generalize well to product-treated human skin (in vivo). Ongoing studies that record mechanical events at the skin surface show promise in identifying realistic models of the perception of skin care products.
