Pathogens are shared between wild bees and wasps but little is known about how urbanization affects their occurrence.Here,the role of temperature and fragmentation of green areas,both associated with urbanization,in m...Pathogens are shared between wild bees and wasps but little is known about how urbanization affects their occurrence.Here,the role of temperature and fragmentation of green areas,both associated with urbanization,in modulating pathogen loads was investigated.Twelve pathogens were investigated in the bees Anthophora plumipes Pallas,1772,Halictus scabiosae(Rossi,1790),Osmia cornuta(Latreille,1805),and the wasp Polistes dominula(Christ,1791)sampled across an urbanization gradient in a metropolitan area of northern Italy.Overall,the relative presence/abundance of the pathogens were found to be species specific,as were the responses to urbanization.Anthophora plumipes and O.cornuta had a higher occurrence probability of the neogregarine protozoan Apicystis bombi in more fragmented urban areas.In the same bee species,both temperature and the fragmentation of green areas reduced the number of copies of the deformed wing virus(DWV).In H.scabiosae and P.dominula,higher temperature increased respectively the likelihood of occurrence of DWV and chronic bee paralysis virus(CBPV).In addition,the viruses were found to be replicative in all samples tested.The results show a consistent presence of pathogens in the four target species,and that urbanization plays a role in modulating the pathogen load.Although transmission pathways could not be considered here,it may be suggested that appropriate management of urban areas may buffer wild insects from potentially harmful pathogens.Whether the presence of such pathogens also results in symptomatic phenotypes remains to be determined in laboratory experiments.展开更多
Primary hypothyroidism commonly occurs after radiotherapy(RT),and coincides with increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)levels.We tested therefore the protective effect of suppressing TSH with L-thyroxi...Primary hypothyroidism commonly occurs after radiotherapy(RT),and coincides with increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)levels.We tested therefore the protective effect of suppressing TSH with L-thyroxine during RT for medulloblastoma/PNET and Hodgkin lymphoma(HL)in a prospective cohort study.From 1998 to 2001,a total of 37 euthyroid children with medulloblastoma/PNET plus 14 with HL,scheduled for craniospinal irradiation and mediastinum/neck radiotherapy,respectively,underwent thyroid ultrasound and free triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroxine(FT4),and TSH evaluation at the beginning and end of craniospinal iiradiation.From 14 days before and up to the end of radiotherapy,patients were administered L-thyroxine checking every 3 days TSH to ensure a value<0.3μIU/mL.During follow-up,blood tests and ultrasound were repeated;primary hypothyroidism was considered an increased TSH level greater than normal range.Twenty-two/37 patients with medulloblastoma/PNET and all the 14 patients with HL were alive after a median 231 months from radiotherapy with 7/22 and 8/14 having correctly reached TSH levels˂0.3μIU/mL and well matched for other variables.Twenty years on,hypothyroidism-free survival rates differed significantly,being 60%±15%and 15.6%±8.2%in TSH-suppressed vs.not-TSH suppressed patients,respectively(P=0.001).These findings suggest that hypothyroidism could be durably prevented in two populations at risk of late RT sequelae,but it should be confirmed in a larger cohort.展开更多
Breast implant infections are a critical concern in post-reconstructive surgery,often requiring implant removal and delayed reconstruction.To address this challenge,we implemented a“fast-track protocol”integrating r...Breast implant infections are a critical concern in post-reconstructive surgery,often requiring implant removal and delayed reconstruction.To address this challenge,we implemented a“fast-track protocol”integrating rapid molecular diagnostics with advanced surgical techniques to salvage the implant and reduce patient morbidity.A case series of 11 patients treated with this brand-new protocol at our Institution from January 2023 to October 2024 was collected.Each patient underwent preoperative screening and,upon signs of infection,received immediate analysis of periprosthetic fluid using the FilmArray^(TM) PCR system.This approach enabled the rapid identification of pathogens and the initiation of targeted antibiotic therapy within 24 h after implant removal.The surgical intervention included debridement,Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy with saline instillation,and the use of a tissue expander to maintain pocket integrity and width.The integration of the FilmArray^(TM) PCR system and Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy with instillation resulted in successful salvage of breast reconstructions in 11 out of 11 cases within a medium ten-day timeframe.This series underscores the potential of combining rapid molecular diagnostics with tailored surgical strategies to enhance outcomes in breast implant infections.展开更多
基金Project funded under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan(NRRP),Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4-Call for tender No.3138 of December 16,2021,rectified by Decree n.3175 of December 18,2021 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU,Project code CN_00000033,Concession Decree No.1034 of June 17,2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research,CUP,H43C22000530001 Project title"National Biodiversity Future Center-NBFC."。
文摘Pathogens are shared between wild bees and wasps but little is known about how urbanization affects their occurrence.Here,the role of temperature and fragmentation of green areas,both associated with urbanization,in modulating pathogen loads was investigated.Twelve pathogens were investigated in the bees Anthophora plumipes Pallas,1772,Halictus scabiosae(Rossi,1790),Osmia cornuta(Latreille,1805),and the wasp Polistes dominula(Christ,1791)sampled across an urbanization gradient in a metropolitan area of northern Italy.Overall,the relative presence/abundance of the pathogens were found to be species specific,as were the responses to urbanization.Anthophora plumipes and O.cornuta had a higher occurrence probability of the neogregarine protozoan Apicystis bombi in more fragmented urban areas.In the same bee species,both temperature and the fragmentation of green areas reduced the number of copies of the deformed wing virus(DWV).In H.scabiosae and P.dominula,higher temperature increased respectively the likelihood of occurrence of DWV and chronic bee paralysis virus(CBPV).In addition,the viruses were found to be replicative in all samples tested.The results show a consistent presence of pathogens in the four target species,and that urbanization plays a role in modulating the pathogen load.Although transmission pathways could not be considered here,it may be suggested that appropriate management of urban areas may buffer wild insects from potentially harmful pathogens.Whether the presence of such pathogens also results in symptomatic phenotypes remains to be determined in laboratory experiments.
文摘Primary hypothyroidism commonly occurs after radiotherapy(RT),and coincides with increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)levels.We tested therefore the protective effect of suppressing TSH with L-thyroxine during RT for medulloblastoma/PNET and Hodgkin lymphoma(HL)in a prospective cohort study.From 1998 to 2001,a total of 37 euthyroid children with medulloblastoma/PNET plus 14 with HL,scheduled for craniospinal irradiation and mediastinum/neck radiotherapy,respectively,underwent thyroid ultrasound and free triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroxine(FT4),and TSH evaluation at the beginning and end of craniospinal iiradiation.From 14 days before and up to the end of radiotherapy,patients were administered L-thyroxine checking every 3 days TSH to ensure a value<0.3μIU/mL.During follow-up,blood tests and ultrasound were repeated;primary hypothyroidism was considered an increased TSH level greater than normal range.Twenty-two/37 patients with medulloblastoma/PNET and all the 14 patients with HL were alive after a median 231 months from radiotherapy with 7/22 and 8/14 having correctly reached TSH levels˂0.3μIU/mL and well matched for other variables.Twenty years on,hypothyroidism-free survival rates differed significantly,being 60%±15%and 15.6%±8.2%in TSH-suppressed vs.not-TSH suppressed patients,respectively(P=0.001).These findings suggest that hypothyroidism could be durably prevented in two populations at risk of late RT sequelae,but it should be confirmed in a larger cohort.
文摘Breast implant infections are a critical concern in post-reconstructive surgery,often requiring implant removal and delayed reconstruction.To address this challenge,we implemented a“fast-track protocol”integrating rapid molecular diagnostics with advanced surgical techniques to salvage the implant and reduce patient morbidity.A case series of 11 patients treated with this brand-new protocol at our Institution from January 2023 to October 2024 was collected.Each patient underwent preoperative screening and,upon signs of infection,received immediate analysis of periprosthetic fluid using the FilmArray^(TM) PCR system.This approach enabled the rapid identification of pathogens and the initiation of targeted antibiotic therapy within 24 h after implant removal.The surgical intervention included debridement,Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy with saline instillation,and the use of a tissue expander to maintain pocket integrity and width.The integration of the FilmArray^(TM) PCR system and Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy with instillation resulted in successful salvage of breast reconstructions in 11 out of 11 cases within a medium ten-day timeframe.This series underscores the potential of combining rapid molecular diagnostics with tailored surgical strategies to enhance outcomes in breast implant infections.
