Introduction:Haemophilus influenzae(Hi)is subdivided into typeable(a-f)and non-typeable groups.Hi serotype b(Hib)has historically been one of the important pathogens responsible for invasive infection.However,after wi...Introduction:Haemophilus influenzae(Hi)is subdivided into typeable(a-f)and non-typeable groups.Hi serotype b(Hib)has historically been one of the important pathogens responsible for invasive infection.However,after widespread Hib vaccination,the emergence of other Hi serotypes,specifically Hi serotype a(Hia),was noted during the last few decades,mostly in children younger than 5 years of age.Case presentation:We present two cases of severe intracranial infections with detected Hia in patients>5 years of age within a short time frame and within the same geographic area.Conclusion:Epidemiological studies and surveillance on Hia-related illnesses in all age groups worldwide are needed to better understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Hia.This can establish a platform to develop a candidate vaccine against Hia that might protect children of all ages.展开更多
Tillage practices on sloping ground often result in unsustainable soil losses impairing soil functions such as crop productivity,water and nutrients storage,and soil organic carbon(SOC)sequestration.A sloping olive gr...Tillage practices on sloping ground often result in unsustainable soil losses impairing soil functions such as crop productivity,water and nutrients storage,and soil organic carbon(SOC)sequestration.A sloping olive grove(10%)was planted in shallow gypsiferous soils in 2004.It was managed by minimum tillage;the most frequent management practice in central Spain.The consequences of erosion were studied in soil samples(at 0-10,10-20,and 20-30 cm depths)by analyzing SOC,available water and gypsum content,and by detecting spectral signatures using an ASD FieldSpecPro(R)VIS/NIR-spectroradiometer.The Brightness index(BI),Shape index(FI),and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)were derived from the ASD spectral signatures and from remote sensing(Sentinel-2 image)data.The development of these young olive trees was estimated from the measured diameter of the trunks(17±18 cm diameter).In 20-30 cm of the soil,the carbon stock(38±18 Mg ha-1)as well as the available water content(12±6%)was scarce,affecting the productivity of the olive grove.The above-mentioned indices obtained from the laboratory samples and the pixels of the Sentinel-2 image were significantly(p<0.01)correlated,with a correlation coefficient of around 0.4.The BI was related to the gypsum content and the slope of the plot.The FI was related to the carbon and water contents.The NDVI derived from the satellite image identified the influence of soil degradation on the trees and the carbon content.The spatialtemporal changes of the indices might help in tracking soil changes over time.展开更多
文摘Introduction:Haemophilus influenzae(Hi)is subdivided into typeable(a-f)and non-typeable groups.Hi serotype b(Hib)has historically been one of the important pathogens responsible for invasive infection.However,after widespread Hib vaccination,the emergence of other Hi serotypes,specifically Hi serotype a(Hia),was noted during the last few decades,mostly in children younger than 5 years of age.Case presentation:We present two cases of severe intracranial infections with detected Hia in patients>5 years of age within a short time frame and within the same geographic area.Conclusion:Epidemiological studies and surveillance on Hia-related illnesses in all age groups worldwide are needed to better understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Hia.This can establish a platform to develop a candidate vaccine against Hia that might protect children of all ages.
基金the Project ACCION,and is part of the Operative Group Lenosotsupported by the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 of the Comunidad de Madrid Government(Spain).
文摘Tillage practices on sloping ground often result in unsustainable soil losses impairing soil functions such as crop productivity,water and nutrients storage,and soil organic carbon(SOC)sequestration.A sloping olive grove(10%)was planted in shallow gypsiferous soils in 2004.It was managed by minimum tillage;the most frequent management practice in central Spain.The consequences of erosion were studied in soil samples(at 0-10,10-20,and 20-30 cm depths)by analyzing SOC,available water and gypsum content,and by detecting spectral signatures using an ASD FieldSpecPro(R)VIS/NIR-spectroradiometer.The Brightness index(BI),Shape index(FI),and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)were derived from the ASD spectral signatures and from remote sensing(Sentinel-2 image)data.The development of these young olive trees was estimated from the measured diameter of the trunks(17±18 cm diameter).In 20-30 cm of the soil,the carbon stock(38±18 Mg ha-1)as well as the available water content(12±6%)was scarce,affecting the productivity of the olive grove.The above-mentioned indices obtained from the laboratory samples and the pixels of the Sentinel-2 image were significantly(p<0.01)correlated,with a correlation coefficient of around 0.4.The BI was related to the gypsum content and the slope of the plot.The FI was related to the carbon and water contents.The NDVI derived from the satellite image identified the influence of soil degradation on the trees and the carbon content.The spatialtemporal changes of the indices might help in tracking soil changes over time.
