Dopamine β-monooxygenase N-terminal(DOMON)domain-containing genes are present across all taxa and are critical in cell signaling and redox transport.Despite their significance,these genes remain understudied in plant...Dopamine β-monooxygenase N-terminal(DOMON)domain-containing genes are present across all taxa and are critical in cell signaling and redox transport.Despite their significance,these genes remain understudied in plant species.In this study,we identified 15 DOMON genes in rice and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,and cis-regulatory elements.Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clustering of OsDOMON genes in rice and other monocots,compared with Arabidopsis thaliana.Promoter analysis showed a higher abundance of stress-related regulatory elements in Tetep,a well-known blast and abiotic stress-tolerant cultivar,compared with Nipponbare and HP2216.OsDOMON genes displayed differential expression under biotic stress(Magnaporthe oryzae infection)and abiotic stresses(drought,heat,and salinity)in contrasting cultivars.Tetep exhibited significantly higher expression levels of specific OsDOMON genes during early blast infection stages,particularly OsDOMON6.1 and OsDOMON9.2,suggesting their roles in cell wall fortification and reactive oxygen species signaling.Under abiotic stress,genes like OsDOMON3.3,OsDOMON8.1,and OsDOMON9.2 showed higher expression in Tetep,indicating their involvement in stress tolerance mechanisms.This study provides a foundation for future functional studies of OsDOMON genes,paving the way for developing rice cultivars resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses.展开更多
Background:Adverse effects of antileishmanial drugs can affect patients’quality of life and adherence to therapy for visceral leishmaniasis(VL)and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis(PKDL).In Bangladesh,there are 26 ...Background:Adverse effects of antileishmanial drugs can affect patients’quality of life and adherence to therapy for visceral leishmaniasis(VL)and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis(PKDL).In Bangladesh,there are 26 treatment centers that manage leishmaniasis cases coming from 100 endemic upazilas(subdistricts)of 26 districts(these include VL,PKDL,treatment failure,and relapse VL and cutaneous leishmaniasis cases).This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using focused pharmacovigilance for VL(VLPV)in Bangladesh’s National Kala-azar Elimination Programme for the early detection and prevention of expected and unexpected adverse drug reactions(ADRs).Methods:This activity has been going on since December 2014.Activity area includes secondary public hospital or Upazila health complex(UHC)in hundred sub districts and Surya Kanta Kala-azar Research Center(SKKRC)in Mymensingh District,a specialized center for management of complicated VL and PKDL cases.Communicable Disease Control(CDC)of the Directorate General of Health Services(DGHS)assigned twenty five of hundred UHCs and SKKRC(total 26)as treatment centers depending on their suitable geographical location.This was implemented for better management of VL cases with Liposomal Amphotericin B(AmBisome®)to ensure patient convenience and proper utilization of this expensive donated drug.A VLPV expert committee and a UHC VLPV team were established,an operational manual and pharmacovigilance report forms were developed,training and refresher training of health personnel took place at UHCs and at the central level,collected information such as patient data including demographics,treatment history and response,adverse events were analyzed.This report includes information for the period from December 2014 to December 2016.Results:From December 2014 to December 2016,1327 leishmaniasis patients were treated and 1066(80%)were available for VLPV.Out of these,57,33,9,and 1%were new VL,PKDL,VL relapse,and other cases,respectively.Liposomal amphotericin B was mostly used(82%)for case management,followed by miltefosine(20%)and paromomycin(3%).Out of the 1066 patients,26%experienced ADRs.The most frequent ADR was fever(17%,176/1066),followed by vomiting(5%,51/1066).Thirteen serious adverse events(SAEs)(eight deaths and five unexpected SAEs)were observed.The expert committee assessed that three of the deaths and all unexpected SAEs were possibly related to treatment.Out of the five unexpected SAEs,four were miltefosine-induced ophthalmic complications and the other was an AmBisome^(■)-induced avascular necrosis of the nasal alae.The Directorate General of the Drug Administration entered the ADRs into the World Health Organization Uppsala Monitoring Centre(WHO-UMC)VigiFlow database.Conclusions:This study found that VLPV through NKEP is feasible and should be continued as a routine activity into the public health system of Bangladesh to ensure patient safety against anti-leishmanial drugs.展开更多
基金supported by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Senior Research Fellowship from ICAR,India(Grant No.EDN/1/25/2015-Exam cell)ICAR-Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics and National Institute for Plant Biotechnology,India(Grant No.1006456).
文摘Dopamine β-monooxygenase N-terminal(DOMON)domain-containing genes are present across all taxa and are critical in cell signaling and redox transport.Despite their significance,these genes remain understudied in plant species.In this study,we identified 15 DOMON genes in rice and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,and cis-regulatory elements.Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clustering of OsDOMON genes in rice and other monocots,compared with Arabidopsis thaliana.Promoter analysis showed a higher abundance of stress-related regulatory elements in Tetep,a well-known blast and abiotic stress-tolerant cultivar,compared with Nipponbare and HP2216.OsDOMON genes displayed differential expression under biotic stress(Magnaporthe oryzae infection)and abiotic stresses(drought,heat,and salinity)in contrasting cultivars.Tetep exhibited significantly higher expression levels of specific OsDOMON genes during early blast infection stages,particularly OsDOMON6.1 and OsDOMON9.2,suggesting their roles in cell wall fortification and reactive oxygen species signaling.Under abiotic stress,genes like OsDOMON3.3,OsDOMON8.1,and OsDOMON9.2 showed higher expression in Tetep,indicating their involvement in stress tolerance mechanisms.This study provides a foundation for future functional studies of OsDOMON genes,paving the way for developing rice cultivars resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses.
基金This activity was supported by funds from PATH,USA.The funders had no role in the study’s design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the paper.
文摘Background:Adverse effects of antileishmanial drugs can affect patients’quality of life and adherence to therapy for visceral leishmaniasis(VL)and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis(PKDL).In Bangladesh,there are 26 treatment centers that manage leishmaniasis cases coming from 100 endemic upazilas(subdistricts)of 26 districts(these include VL,PKDL,treatment failure,and relapse VL and cutaneous leishmaniasis cases).This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using focused pharmacovigilance for VL(VLPV)in Bangladesh’s National Kala-azar Elimination Programme for the early detection and prevention of expected and unexpected adverse drug reactions(ADRs).Methods:This activity has been going on since December 2014.Activity area includes secondary public hospital or Upazila health complex(UHC)in hundred sub districts and Surya Kanta Kala-azar Research Center(SKKRC)in Mymensingh District,a specialized center for management of complicated VL and PKDL cases.Communicable Disease Control(CDC)of the Directorate General of Health Services(DGHS)assigned twenty five of hundred UHCs and SKKRC(total 26)as treatment centers depending on their suitable geographical location.This was implemented for better management of VL cases with Liposomal Amphotericin B(AmBisome®)to ensure patient convenience and proper utilization of this expensive donated drug.A VLPV expert committee and a UHC VLPV team were established,an operational manual and pharmacovigilance report forms were developed,training and refresher training of health personnel took place at UHCs and at the central level,collected information such as patient data including demographics,treatment history and response,adverse events were analyzed.This report includes information for the period from December 2014 to December 2016.Results:From December 2014 to December 2016,1327 leishmaniasis patients were treated and 1066(80%)were available for VLPV.Out of these,57,33,9,and 1%were new VL,PKDL,VL relapse,and other cases,respectively.Liposomal amphotericin B was mostly used(82%)for case management,followed by miltefosine(20%)and paromomycin(3%).Out of the 1066 patients,26%experienced ADRs.The most frequent ADR was fever(17%,176/1066),followed by vomiting(5%,51/1066).Thirteen serious adverse events(SAEs)(eight deaths and five unexpected SAEs)were observed.The expert committee assessed that three of the deaths and all unexpected SAEs were possibly related to treatment.Out of the five unexpected SAEs,four were miltefosine-induced ophthalmic complications and the other was an AmBisome^(■)-induced avascular necrosis of the nasal alae.The Directorate General of the Drug Administration entered the ADRs into the World Health Organization Uppsala Monitoring Centre(WHO-UMC)VigiFlow database.Conclusions:This study found that VLPV through NKEP is feasible and should be continued as a routine activity into the public health system of Bangladesh to ensure patient safety against anti-leishmanial drugs.
