A global increase in the incidence of pancreatic cancer(PanCa)presents a major concern and health burden.The traditional tissue-based diagnostic techniques provided a major way forward for molecular diagnostics;howeve...A global increase in the incidence of pancreatic cancer(PanCa)presents a major concern and health burden.The traditional tissue-based diagnostic techniques provided a major way forward for molecular diagnostics;however,they face limitations based on diagnosis-associated difficulties and concerns surrounding tissue availability in the clinical setting.Late disease development with asymptomatic behavior is a drawback in the case of existing diagnostic procedures.The capability of cell free markers in discriminating PanCa from autoimmune pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis along with other precancerous lesions can be a boon to clinicians.Early-stage diagnosis of PanCa can be achieved only if these biomarkers specifically discriminate the non-carcinogenic disease stage from malignancy with respect to tumor stages.In this review,we comprehensively described the non-invasive disease detection approaches and why these approaches are gaining popularity for their early-stage diagnostic capability and associated clinical feasibility.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer(PanCa)presents a catastrophic disease with poor overall survival at advanced stages,with immediate requirement of new and effective treatment options.Besides genetic mutations,epigenetic dysregulatio...Pancreatic cancer(PanCa)presents a catastrophic disease with poor overall survival at advanced stages,with immediate requirement of new and effective treatment options.Besides genetic mutations,epigenetic dysregulation of signaling pathway-associated enriched genes are considered as novel therapeutic target.Mechanisms beneath the deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and its utility in developing of epi-drugs in PanCa are under trails.Combinations of epigenetic medicines with conventional cytotoxic treatments or targeted therapy are promising options to improving the dismal response and survival rate of PanCa patients.Recent studies have identified potentially valid pathways that support the prediction that future PanCa clinical trials will include vigorous testing of epigenomic therapies.Epigenetics thus promises to generate a significant amount of new knowledge of biological and medical importance.Our review could identify various components of epigenetic mechanisms known to be involved in the initiation and development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and related precancerous lesions,and novel pharmacological strategies that target these components could potentially lead to breakthroughs.We aim to highlight the possibilities that exist and the potential therapeutic interventions.展开更多
The retrospective study by Lew et al(2022)examined the rising hospitalization rates for chronic pancreatitis(CP)and its association with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),revealing significant ethno-racial dispar...The retrospective study by Lew et al(2022)examined the rising hospitalization rates for chronic pancreatitis(CP)and its association with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),revealing significant ethno-racial disparities and risk factors.Overweight black men aged 40-59 years and white men over 40 years with higher incomes showed an elevated risk of PDAC among CP patients.The study,which included 14.2 million admissions from 2016-2017,found that 2.6%of adult patients were diagnosed with CP,with white males being the majority.Multivariate regression analysis identified men,black individuals,those aged 40-59 years,and individuals with a body mass index(BMI)between 25 and 29.9 as having an increased risk for CP.Moreover,0.78%of CP patients also had PDAC,with older age and BMI being significant risk factors for developing PDAC in CP patients.The study also highlighted disparities in healthcare access and utilization among different socioeconomic and ethno-racial groups,which may impact the risk and outcomes of CP and PDAC.展开更多
Cu-graphene(Gr)composite thin films were prepared by electrodeposition route using in-house synthesized Gr sheets.The Gr sheets were synthesized by the electrochemical exfoliation route using 1 M HClO4 acid as electro...Cu-graphene(Gr)composite thin films were prepared by electrodeposition route using in-house synthesized Gr sheets.The Gr sheets were synthesized by the electrochemical exfoliation route using 1 M HClO4 acid as electrolyte.The Gr sheets were confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The(002)plane of Gr sheets was observed at 2θof 25.66°.The(002)plane confirmed the crystal structure of car-bon peaks.The stretching vibration of C=C bond at a wavelength of 1577 cm^(−1) and other functional groups of carboxyl and epoxide groups were observed from FTIR.TEM confirmed the transparent structure of Gr sheets.The prepared Gr sheets were used as reinforcement at con-centrations of 0.1 and 0.3 g/L with a copper matrix to synthesize the Cu-Gr composite.The prepared composite thin films were characterized by XRD,SEM,and energy-dispersion spectrometry(EDS)for morphological and analytical studies.The presence of Gr sheets in Cu-Gr com-posite was confirmed by EDS analysis.The prepared Cu-Gr nanocomposite thin film showed higher corrosion resistance compared with pure copper thin films in 3.5wt%NaCl,as confirmed by Tafel plots.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy complimented the above results and showed that 0.3 g/L composite film achieved the highest film resistance.展开更多
Three-dimensional laser writing inside silicon remains today inaccessible with the shortest infrared light pulses unless complex schemes are used to circumvent screening propagation nonlinearities.Here,we explore a ne...Three-dimensional laser writing inside silicon remains today inaccessible with the shortest infrared light pulses unless complex schemes are used to circumvent screening propagation nonlinearities.Here,we explore a new approach irradiating silicon with trains of femtosecond laser pulses at repetition rates up to 5.6 THz that is order of magnitude higher than any source used for laser processing so far.This extremely high repetition rate is faster than laser energy dissipation from microvolume inside silicon,thus enabling unique capabilities for pulse-to-pulse accumulation of free carriers generated by nonlinear ionization,as well as progressive thermal bandgap closure before any diffusion process comes into play.By space-resolved measurements of energy delivery inside silicon,we evidence changes in the interplay between detrimental nonlinearities and accumulation-based effects.This leads to a net increase on the level of space-time energy localization.The improvement is also supported by experiments demonstrating high performance for 3D laser writing inside silicon.In comparison to repeated single pulses,irradiation with trains of only four-picosecond pulses with the same total energy leads to an apparent decrease of the energy threshold for modification and drastic improvements on the repeatability,uniformity,and symmetricity of the produced features.The unique benefits of THz bursts can provide a new route to meet the challenge of 3D inscription inside narrow bandgap materials.展开更多
基金Supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Government of India Grant Sanction,Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship,No.RLS/BT/Re-entry/05/2012.
文摘A global increase in the incidence of pancreatic cancer(PanCa)presents a major concern and health burden.The traditional tissue-based diagnostic techniques provided a major way forward for molecular diagnostics;however,they face limitations based on diagnosis-associated difficulties and concerns surrounding tissue availability in the clinical setting.Late disease development with asymptomatic behavior is a drawback in the case of existing diagnostic procedures.The capability of cell free markers in discriminating PanCa from autoimmune pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis along with other precancerous lesions can be a boon to clinicians.Early-stage diagnosis of PanCa can be achieved only if these biomarkers specifically discriminate the non-carcinogenic disease stage from malignancy with respect to tumor stages.In this review,we comprehensively described the non-invasive disease detection approaches and why these approaches are gaining popularity for their early-stage diagnostic capability and associated clinical feasibility.
文摘Pancreatic cancer(PanCa)presents a catastrophic disease with poor overall survival at advanced stages,with immediate requirement of new and effective treatment options.Besides genetic mutations,epigenetic dysregulation of signaling pathway-associated enriched genes are considered as novel therapeutic target.Mechanisms beneath the deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and its utility in developing of epi-drugs in PanCa are under trails.Combinations of epigenetic medicines with conventional cytotoxic treatments or targeted therapy are promising options to improving the dismal response and survival rate of PanCa patients.Recent studies have identified potentially valid pathways that support the prediction that future PanCa clinical trials will include vigorous testing of epigenomic therapies.Epigenetics thus promises to generate a significant amount of new knowledge of biological and medical importance.Our review could identify various components of epigenetic mechanisms known to be involved in the initiation and development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and related precancerous lesions,and novel pharmacological strategies that target these components could potentially lead to breakthroughs.We aim to highlight the possibilities that exist and the potential therapeutic interventions.
文摘The retrospective study by Lew et al(2022)examined the rising hospitalization rates for chronic pancreatitis(CP)and its association with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),revealing significant ethno-racial disparities and risk factors.Overweight black men aged 40-59 years and white men over 40 years with higher incomes showed an elevated risk of PDAC among CP patients.The study,which included 14.2 million admissions from 2016-2017,found that 2.6%of adult patients were diagnosed with CP,with white males being the majority.Multivariate regression analysis identified men,black individuals,those aged 40-59 years,and individuals with a body mass index(BMI)between 25 and 29.9 as having an increased risk for CP.Moreover,0.78%of CP patients also had PDAC,with older age and BMI being significant risk factors for developing PDAC in CP patients.The study also highlighted disparities in healthcare access and utilization among different socioeconomic and ethno-racial groups,which may impact the risk and outcomes of CP and PDAC.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the partial financial support of this work by the Department of Science and Technology(DST)India via grant number EEQ/2018/001452 and National Institute of Technology,Rourkela,India for the financial and infrastructure support.
文摘Cu-graphene(Gr)composite thin films were prepared by electrodeposition route using in-house synthesized Gr sheets.The Gr sheets were synthesized by the electrochemical exfoliation route using 1 M HClO4 acid as electrolyte.The Gr sheets were confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The(002)plane of Gr sheets was observed at 2θof 25.66°.The(002)plane confirmed the crystal structure of car-bon peaks.The stretching vibration of C=C bond at a wavelength of 1577 cm^(−1) and other functional groups of carboxyl and epoxide groups were observed from FTIR.TEM confirmed the transparent structure of Gr sheets.The prepared Gr sheets were used as reinforcement at con-centrations of 0.1 and 0.3 g/L with a copper matrix to synthesize the Cu-Gr composite.The prepared composite thin films were characterized by XRD,SEM,and energy-dispersion spectrometry(EDS)for morphological and analytical studies.The presence of Gr sheets in Cu-Gr com-posite was confirmed by EDS analysis.The prepared Cu-Gr nanocomposite thin film showed higher corrosion resistance compared with pure copper thin films in 3.5wt%NaCl,as confirmed by Tafel plots.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy complimented the above results and showed that 0.3 g/L composite film achieved the highest film resistance.
基金This research has received funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(Grant Agreement No.724480).
文摘Three-dimensional laser writing inside silicon remains today inaccessible with the shortest infrared light pulses unless complex schemes are used to circumvent screening propagation nonlinearities.Here,we explore a new approach irradiating silicon with trains of femtosecond laser pulses at repetition rates up to 5.6 THz that is order of magnitude higher than any source used for laser processing so far.This extremely high repetition rate is faster than laser energy dissipation from microvolume inside silicon,thus enabling unique capabilities for pulse-to-pulse accumulation of free carriers generated by nonlinear ionization,as well as progressive thermal bandgap closure before any diffusion process comes into play.By space-resolved measurements of energy delivery inside silicon,we evidence changes in the interplay between detrimental nonlinearities and accumulation-based effects.This leads to a net increase on the level of space-time energy localization.The improvement is also supported by experiments demonstrating high performance for 3D laser writing inside silicon.In comparison to repeated single pulses,irradiation with trains of only four-picosecond pulses with the same total energy leads to an apparent decrease of the energy threshold for modification and drastic improvements on the repeatability,uniformity,and symmetricity of the produced features.The unique benefits of THz bursts can provide a new route to meet the challenge of 3D inscription inside narrow bandgap materials.
