Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer of mortality in the world. Chemotherapy based treatment leads to innumerable side effects as it delivers the anticancer drug to both normal cells besides cancer c...Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer of mortality in the world. Chemotherapy based treatment leads to innumerable side effects as it delivers the anticancer drug to both normal cells besides cancer cells. Sonic Hedgehog(SHH), Wnt wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β/SMAD, epidermal growth factor receptor and Notch are the main signaling pathways involved in the progression of CRC. Targeted therapies necessitate information regarding the particular aberrant pathways. Advancements in gene therapies have resulted in the recognition of novel therapeutic targets related with these signal-transduction cascades. CRC is a stepwise process where mutations occur over the time and activation of oncogenes and deactivation of tissue suppressor genes takes place. Genetic changes which are responsible for the induction of carcinogenesis include loss of heterozygosity in tumor suppressor genes such as adenomatous polyposis coli, mutation or deletion of genes like p53 and K-ras. Therefore, many gene-therapy approaches like gene correction, virusdirected enzyme-prodrug therapy, immunogenetic manipulation and virotherapy are currently being explored. Development of novel strategies for the safe and effective delivery of drugs to the cancerous site is the need of the hour. This editorial accentuates different novel strategies with emphasis on gene therapy and immunotherapy for the management of CRC.展开更多
Biometric applications widely use the face as a component for recognition and automatic detection.Face rotation is a variable component and makes face detection a complex and challenging task with varied angles and ro...Biometric applications widely use the face as a component for recognition and automatic detection.Face rotation is a variable component and makes face detection a complex and challenging task with varied angles and rotation.This problem has been investigated,and a novice algorithm,namely RIFDS(Rotation Invariant Face Detection System),has been devised.The objective of the paper is to implement a robust method for face detection taken at various angle.Further to achieve better results than known algorithms for face detection.In RIFDS Polar Harmonic Transforms(PHT)technique is combined with Multi-Block Local Binary Pattern(MBLBP)in a hybrid manner.The MBLBP is used to extract texture patterns from the digital image,and the PHT is used to manage invariant rotation characteristics.In this manner,RIFDS can detect human faces at different rotations and with different facial expressions.The RIFDS performance is validated on different face databases like LFW,ORL,CMU,MIT-CBCL,JAFFF Face Databases,and Lena images.The results show that the RIFDS algorithm can detect faces at varying angles and at different image resolutions and with an accuracy of 99.9%.The RIFDS algorithm outperforms previous methods like Viola-Jones,Multi-blockLocal Binary Pattern(MBLBP),and Polar HarmonicTransforms(PHTs).The RIFDS approach has a further scope with a genetic algorithm to detect faces(approximation)even from shadows.展开更多
Objectives:The uses of devices of electromagnetic waves(EMWs)are increasing day by day.Similarly,the generation of the waves is increasing.The frequency spectrum of the generation of waves is also increased.In this ma...Objectives:The uses of devices of electromagnetic waves(EMWs)are increasing day by day.Similarly,the generation of the waves is increasing.The frequency spectrum of the generation of waves is also increased.In this manuscript,an analysis of the high frequency EMWs has been made by the electric fields generated due to the exposure of 5th generation(5 G)of mobile phones.Methods:Due to the emission of waves from the towers,the electric field is generated around the transmission tower of mobile phones.The electric fields are computed by the power of the transmission tower.The electric fields across the biological tissues/cells are also computed when the EMWs penetrate inside the body.The electric fields are made across the organs of different depths inside the body.Results:The induced electric fields inside the organs of the human beings are responsible for the absorption of energy from high frequency EMWs.The absorbed amount of energy from high frequency waves may become the cause of harmful effects on the life of organs of human beings.Conclusion:In this manuscript,after analysis of the computed electric fields inside the organs of human beings,it is concluded that the EMWs of 5 G spectrum of mobile phone towers may more harmful for the life of organs as 4th generation(4 G)spectrum of mobile phone waves.The energy absorption by the 4 G spectrum is lower than 5 G spectrum due to the range of frequency of waves.The effects on the pancreas,retina,skin,intestine,spleen,stomach and uterus are more than low water content organs like nails,bone,teeth etc.展开更多
Nanoparticles stabilized foam fracturing fluid is an emerging technology in the field of hydraulic fracturing for the unconventional reservoirs.Hydraulic fracturing,commonly known as fracking,is a process used to extr...Nanoparticles stabilized foam fracturing fluid is an emerging technology in the field of hydraulic fracturing for the unconventional reservoirs.Hydraulic fracturing,commonly known as fracking,is a process used to extract oil and gas from the unconventional reservoirs,such as shale formations.This study has reviewed contiguous improvement in the properties of foam fracturing fluid by the effective formulation of surfactant,polymer,and nanoparticles.Compared to conventional fracturing fluids(slick water and polymer),nanoparticles stabilized foam fracturing fluids exhibit superior proppant-carrying capabilities,ensuring better penetration into micro-fractures and enhanced contact with the reservoir matrix,reduce water usage,and minimize formation damage.Foam structures at different scales,i.e.,the interface between air-water and liquid film has been discussed in depth to elaborate on the mechanisms that maintain the stability of foam film.The effects of nanoparticles for improving the foam stability and liquid drainage are deliberated to throw light on the strength and limitations of the current review work for better knowledge of foam structure.This review work is on the advancement of nanoparticles foam fluid focuses on significant analyses,problems,future scope,and applications.The various knowledge gaps and conflicting observations have been identified that give the range of our studies.The technical challenges of using foam-based fracturing fluids were also explored.Maintaining foam stability at the high pressures and temperatures experienced in unconventional reservoirs is a critical challenge.The potential for foam collapse or degradation could undermine its effectiveness in delivering proppants and stimulating fractures.展开更多
Water-based drilling muds(WBM)are a very crucial component of the oil and gas industry;however,they often face challenges with inadequate rheological performance and excessive fluid loss.This paper introduces hydroxyp...Water-based drilling muds(WBM)are a very crucial component of the oil and gas industry;however,they often face challenges with inadequate rheological performance and excessive fluid loss.This paper introduces hydroxypropyl guar polymer(HPG)and fly ash(FA)as new additives to regulate the rheological properties and filtration loss of WBM.The primary objectives of this study are to reduce filtration loss,enhance rheological characteristics,reduce clay swelling,improve cutting dispersion,and control barite sag.The experimental procedure involves formulating optimized mud samples by incorporating HPG and FA up to 120℃.The synergistic effect of HPG and FA enhances rheological properties and achieves a 56.52%reduction in filtration loss compared to WBM without additives.Additionally,HPG/FA incorporation resulted in controlling the clay swelling.The swelling dropped from 91.5%to 36.7%compared to the base mud.Shale cuttings recovery in the base fluid was 52.4%after hot rolling at 90℃,60℃,and 40℃ for 16 h and treatment with 0.18%HPG inhibitors improved recovery to 82.1%,54.1%,and 57.2%,respectively.The sag factor remained controlled compared to the base mud,staying within the acceptable range of 0.503-0.521 at both vertical and 45° inclined angles.The WBM with the addition of HPG and FA is more efficient and has enhanced the well integrity and reduced operational costs in the oil and gas industry.展开更多
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer of mortality in the world. Chemotherapy based treatment leads to innumerable side effects as it delivers the anticancer drug to both normal cells besides cancer cells. Sonic Hedgehog(SHH), Wnt wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β/SMAD, epidermal growth factor receptor and Notch are the main signaling pathways involved in the progression of CRC. Targeted therapies necessitate information regarding the particular aberrant pathways. Advancements in gene therapies have resulted in the recognition of novel therapeutic targets related with these signal-transduction cascades. CRC is a stepwise process where mutations occur over the time and activation of oncogenes and deactivation of tissue suppressor genes takes place. Genetic changes which are responsible for the induction of carcinogenesis include loss of heterozygosity in tumor suppressor genes such as adenomatous polyposis coli, mutation or deletion of genes like p53 and K-ras. Therefore, many gene-therapy approaches like gene correction, virusdirected enzyme-prodrug therapy, immunogenetic manipulation and virotherapy are currently being explored. Development of novel strategies for the safe and effective delivery of drugs to the cancerous site is the need of the hour. This editorial accentuates different novel strategies with emphasis on gene therapy and immunotherapy for the management of CRC.
基金The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University for supporting this work under Project Number No-R-2021-154.
文摘Biometric applications widely use the face as a component for recognition and automatic detection.Face rotation is a variable component and makes face detection a complex and challenging task with varied angles and rotation.This problem has been investigated,and a novice algorithm,namely RIFDS(Rotation Invariant Face Detection System),has been devised.The objective of the paper is to implement a robust method for face detection taken at various angle.Further to achieve better results than known algorithms for face detection.In RIFDS Polar Harmonic Transforms(PHT)technique is combined with Multi-Block Local Binary Pattern(MBLBP)in a hybrid manner.The MBLBP is used to extract texture patterns from the digital image,and the PHT is used to manage invariant rotation characteristics.In this manner,RIFDS can detect human faces at different rotations and with different facial expressions.The RIFDS performance is validated on different face databases like LFW,ORL,CMU,MIT-CBCL,JAFFF Face Databases,and Lena images.The results show that the RIFDS algorithm can detect faces at varying angles and at different image resolutions and with an accuracy of 99.9%.The RIFDS algorithm outperforms previous methods like Viola-Jones,Multi-blockLocal Binary Pattern(MBLBP),and Polar HarmonicTransforms(PHTs).The RIFDS approach has a further scope with a genetic algorithm to detect faces(approximation)even from shadows.
文摘Objectives:The uses of devices of electromagnetic waves(EMWs)are increasing day by day.Similarly,the generation of the waves is increasing.The frequency spectrum of the generation of waves is also increased.In this manuscript,an analysis of the high frequency EMWs has been made by the electric fields generated due to the exposure of 5th generation(5 G)of mobile phones.Methods:Due to the emission of waves from the towers,the electric field is generated around the transmission tower of mobile phones.The electric fields are computed by the power of the transmission tower.The electric fields across the biological tissues/cells are also computed when the EMWs penetrate inside the body.The electric fields are made across the organs of different depths inside the body.Results:The induced electric fields inside the organs of the human beings are responsible for the absorption of energy from high frequency EMWs.The absorbed amount of energy from high frequency waves may become the cause of harmful effects on the life of organs of human beings.Conclusion:In this manuscript,after analysis of the computed electric fields inside the organs of human beings,it is concluded that the EMWs of 5 G spectrum of mobile phone towers may more harmful for the life of organs as 4th generation(4 G)spectrum of mobile phone waves.The energy absorption by the 4 G spectrum is lower than 5 G spectrum due to the range of frequency of waves.The effects on the pancreas,retina,skin,intestine,spleen,stomach and uterus are more than low water content organs like nails,bone,teeth etc.
文摘Nanoparticles stabilized foam fracturing fluid is an emerging technology in the field of hydraulic fracturing for the unconventional reservoirs.Hydraulic fracturing,commonly known as fracking,is a process used to extract oil and gas from the unconventional reservoirs,such as shale formations.This study has reviewed contiguous improvement in the properties of foam fracturing fluid by the effective formulation of surfactant,polymer,and nanoparticles.Compared to conventional fracturing fluids(slick water and polymer),nanoparticles stabilized foam fracturing fluids exhibit superior proppant-carrying capabilities,ensuring better penetration into micro-fractures and enhanced contact with the reservoir matrix,reduce water usage,and minimize formation damage.Foam structures at different scales,i.e.,the interface between air-water and liquid film has been discussed in depth to elaborate on the mechanisms that maintain the stability of foam film.The effects of nanoparticles for improving the foam stability and liquid drainage are deliberated to throw light on the strength and limitations of the current review work for better knowledge of foam structure.This review work is on the advancement of nanoparticles foam fluid focuses on significant analyses,problems,future scope,and applications.The various knowledge gaps and conflicting observations have been identified that give the range of our studies.The technical challenges of using foam-based fracturing fluids were also explored.Maintaining foam stability at the high pressures and temperatures experienced in unconventional reservoirs is a critical challenge.The potential for foam collapse or degradation could undermine its effectiveness in delivering proppants and stimulating fractures.
文摘Water-based drilling muds(WBM)are a very crucial component of the oil and gas industry;however,they often face challenges with inadequate rheological performance and excessive fluid loss.This paper introduces hydroxypropyl guar polymer(HPG)and fly ash(FA)as new additives to regulate the rheological properties and filtration loss of WBM.The primary objectives of this study are to reduce filtration loss,enhance rheological characteristics,reduce clay swelling,improve cutting dispersion,and control barite sag.The experimental procedure involves formulating optimized mud samples by incorporating HPG and FA up to 120℃.The synergistic effect of HPG and FA enhances rheological properties and achieves a 56.52%reduction in filtration loss compared to WBM without additives.Additionally,HPG/FA incorporation resulted in controlling the clay swelling.The swelling dropped from 91.5%to 36.7%compared to the base mud.Shale cuttings recovery in the base fluid was 52.4%after hot rolling at 90℃,60℃,and 40℃ for 16 h and treatment with 0.18%HPG inhibitors improved recovery to 82.1%,54.1%,and 57.2%,respectively.The sag factor remained controlled compared to the base mud,staying within the acceptable range of 0.503-0.521 at both vertical and 45° inclined angles.The WBM with the addition of HPG and FA is more efficient and has enhanced the well integrity and reduced operational costs in the oil and gas industry.
