<b>Objective:</b> Almost all year round occurrence of typhoid fever remains a major public health issue in Bangladesh. In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of multi-drug res...<b>Objective:</b> Almost all year round occurrence of typhoid fever remains a major public health issue in Bangladesh. In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of multi-drug resistance <i>Salmonella typhi</i> in Dhaka city. The major objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of multi-drug and Extended drug-resistant patterns of typhoidal <i>Salmonella typhi</i> among the patients attending a tertiary medical center by conventional culture and serologic test. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Blood was collected by syringe and equally divided between aerobic & anaerobic BacT Alert bottle, 10 mL for paediatrics. Post isolation <i>Salmonella</i> strains were identified and were tested for antibiotic resistance. <b>Results:</b> A total of 600 blood samples of typhoid suspected patients were tested, where 32.5% came out positive, which were identified as <i>Salmonella typhi</i>. These isolates were susceptible to carbapenem drugs but highly resistant to Fluoroquinolones and Aminoglycosides antibiotics. <b>Discussion:</b> It was seen that 73.23% of isolates among male patients were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) meaning that isolates were sensitive against only one or two antibiotics while in the female it was 58.46%. Isolates from Female patients showed higher multi-drug resistant (MDR) (26.15%) isolates resistance to multiple antibiotics in comparison to isolates from the male (16.54%). 87.19% of the strains showed high drug resistance (XDR and MDR). <b>Conclusion:</b> The emergence of XDR and MDR strains of <i>S. typhi</i> in recent years is becoming a significant threat. Although no PAN-Drug resistance (resistant against all tested drugs) was observed in the current study, a high level of XDR and MDR isolates are indicating that the scenario might take place sooner than later.展开更多
The spatial land cover pattern of Dhaka city is restlessly altering as it has highest growing rates among megacities. Due to high urbanization rates, land use is changing from natural to man-made along with resource e...The spatial land cover pattern of Dhaka city is restlessly altering as it has highest growing rates among megacities. Due to high urbanization rates, land use is changing from natural to man-made along with resource extractions that accelerate the land cover changes. This study has evidently given the glimpse of the raising concern by assessing the loss of vegetation coverage of Dhaka Metropolitan Area using multi-temporal Landsat imageries. 20 years satellite data have been used to detect the vegetation cover changes in Dhaka city with an interval of 10 years. Study reveals that 66.87 square kilometer vegetation coverage of Dhaka Metropolitan Area is lost during the whole time period. The rate of loss of vegetation coverage is very severe in Dhanmondi, Gulshan, Uttara, Demra, Mirpur, Sabujbagh, Ramna, Mohammadpur, Kafrul, Shyampur and so on. The overall precision of my Landsat-derived vegetation coverage maps is 92.5%.展开更多
文摘<b>Objective:</b> Almost all year round occurrence of typhoid fever remains a major public health issue in Bangladesh. In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of multi-drug resistance <i>Salmonella typhi</i> in Dhaka city. The major objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of multi-drug and Extended drug-resistant patterns of typhoidal <i>Salmonella typhi</i> among the patients attending a tertiary medical center by conventional culture and serologic test. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Blood was collected by syringe and equally divided between aerobic & anaerobic BacT Alert bottle, 10 mL for paediatrics. Post isolation <i>Salmonella</i> strains were identified and were tested for antibiotic resistance. <b>Results:</b> A total of 600 blood samples of typhoid suspected patients were tested, where 32.5% came out positive, which were identified as <i>Salmonella typhi</i>. These isolates were susceptible to carbapenem drugs but highly resistant to Fluoroquinolones and Aminoglycosides antibiotics. <b>Discussion:</b> It was seen that 73.23% of isolates among male patients were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) meaning that isolates were sensitive against only one or two antibiotics while in the female it was 58.46%. Isolates from Female patients showed higher multi-drug resistant (MDR) (26.15%) isolates resistance to multiple antibiotics in comparison to isolates from the male (16.54%). 87.19% of the strains showed high drug resistance (XDR and MDR). <b>Conclusion:</b> The emergence of XDR and MDR strains of <i>S. typhi</i> in recent years is becoming a significant threat. Although no PAN-Drug resistance (resistant against all tested drugs) was observed in the current study, a high level of XDR and MDR isolates are indicating that the scenario might take place sooner than later.
文摘The spatial land cover pattern of Dhaka city is restlessly altering as it has highest growing rates among megacities. Due to high urbanization rates, land use is changing from natural to man-made along with resource extractions that accelerate the land cover changes. This study has evidently given the glimpse of the raising concern by assessing the loss of vegetation coverage of Dhaka Metropolitan Area using multi-temporal Landsat imageries. 20 years satellite data have been used to detect the vegetation cover changes in Dhaka city with an interval of 10 years. Study reveals that 66.87 square kilometer vegetation coverage of Dhaka Metropolitan Area is lost during the whole time period. The rate of loss of vegetation coverage is very severe in Dhanmondi, Gulshan, Uttara, Demra, Mirpur, Sabujbagh, Ramna, Mohammadpur, Kafrul, Shyampur and so on. The overall precision of my Landsat-derived vegetation coverage maps is 92.5%.
