Unlike primary metabolites,secondary metabolites serve critical ecological functions,including plant protection,stress tolerance,and symbiosis.This review focuses on extracting,separating,and identifying the major cla...Unlike primary metabolites,secondary metabolites serve critical ecological functions,including plant protection,stress tolerance,and symbiosis.This review focuses on extracting,separating,and identifying the major classes of secondary metabolites,including alkaloids,terpenoids,phenolics,glycosides,saponins,and coumarins.It describes optimized methods regarding plant selection,extraction by solvents,and purification of the metabolites,highlighting the latest advancements in chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.The review also describes some of the most important problems,such as the instability of the compounds or diversity of the structures,and discusses emerging technologies that solve these issues.Moreover,it examines the secondary roles of these metabolites in medicine,such as anticancer and antimicrobial drugs,sustainable agriculture biopesticides,and environmental ecology-also known as allelopathy and bioindicators.It combines traditional ethnobotanical approaches with contem-porary science,demonstrating the vital need to protect biodiversity in key ecosystems such as tropical rainforests,mountain regions,coral reefs,and arid zones as a foundation for anticipatory bio-discoveries.It organizes the methodological frameworks and outlines the steps needed to enhance the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources.展开更多
Drought stress(DS)and overuse of chemical fertilizers cause considerable losses in the agro-physiological as well as biochemical performance of plants.In this context,considerable effort will be required to replace ch...Drought stress(DS)and overuse of chemical fertilizers cause considerable losses in the agro-physiological as well as biochemical performance of plants.In this context,considerable effort will be required to replace chemical fertilizers(NPK)with biostimulants as an important approach to enhance the productivity and sustainability of agriculture.Here,we evaluated the effect of separating and/or combining arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)with compost(C)in comparison to the use of NPK on the growth,physiological and biochemical of tomatoes under DS.The findings showed that DS significantly reduced the growth and physiological attributes of tomatoes.Furthermore,the treatment of AMF and C showed better results in agro-physiological and fruit quality compared to the NPK and control under DS.The combination of AMF and C(C+AMF)increased leaf water potential by 18.8%,stomatal conductance by 14.1%,fresh fruit weight by 25.0%,shoot dry matter by 104%and root dry matter by 56.1%compared to the control under DS.The study revealed that C+AMF caused a significant increase in sugar,protein and activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase in leaves and fruits,and an opposite trend was observed in the case of malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide compared to NPK and control under DS.In conclusion,it is recommended to utilize the combination of AMF with compost to enhance the growth,yield,osmotic adjustment,and antioxidant capacity of tomato plants.This approach can boost their resilience to water stress and improve overall fruit quality.展开更多
The macropores of biochar provide a suitable habitat for microbial growth,and its high carbon content serves as an energy source for beneficial microbes.This study evaluated the potential of biochar as a carrier for T...The macropores of biochar provide a suitable habitat for microbial growth,and its high carbon content serves as an energy source for beneficial microbes.This study evaluated the potential of biochar as a carrier for Trichoderma in managing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in chickpeas.Biochar application reduced plant disease severity by 36.5%and increased plant root mass by 23.3%.For this,three types of biochar,wheat straw,organic kitchen waste,and hardwood were tested with Trichoderma,analyzing such as organic C,total N,P,K,Mg,and Ca;pH,and ash content.Trichoderma populations were monitored with biochar carrier of different mesh sizes(250,150,75,and 45μm)for up to 6 weeks after inoculation.Hardwood biochar at 150μm supported the highest Trichoderma population,reaching 33.5×10~5 CFU·g-1after 6 weeks.Hardwood biochar also achieved the maximum disease suppression compared to other biochar types.This research highlights the dual role of biochar in enhancing plant growth and controlling disease,contributing to the standardization of biochar use in agricultural practices.展开更多
文摘Unlike primary metabolites,secondary metabolites serve critical ecological functions,including plant protection,stress tolerance,and symbiosis.This review focuses on extracting,separating,and identifying the major classes of secondary metabolites,including alkaloids,terpenoids,phenolics,glycosides,saponins,and coumarins.It describes optimized methods regarding plant selection,extraction by solvents,and purification of the metabolites,highlighting the latest advancements in chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.The review also describes some of the most important problems,such as the instability of the compounds or diversity of the structures,and discusses emerging technologies that solve these issues.Moreover,it examines the secondary roles of these metabolites in medicine,such as anticancer and antimicrobial drugs,sustainable agriculture biopesticides,and environmental ecology-also known as allelopathy and bioindicators.It combines traditional ethnobotanical approaches with contem-porary science,demonstrating the vital need to protect biodiversity in key ecosystems such as tropical rainforests,mountain regions,coral reefs,and arid zones as a foundation for anticipatory bio-discoveries.It organizes the methodological frameworks and outlines the steps needed to enhance the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources.
文摘Drought stress(DS)and overuse of chemical fertilizers cause considerable losses in the agro-physiological as well as biochemical performance of plants.In this context,considerable effort will be required to replace chemical fertilizers(NPK)with biostimulants as an important approach to enhance the productivity and sustainability of agriculture.Here,we evaluated the effect of separating and/or combining arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)with compost(C)in comparison to the use of NPK on the growth,physiological and biochemical of tomatoes under DS.The findings showed that DS significantly reduced the growth and physiological attributes of tomatoes.Furthermore,the treatment of AMF and C showed better results in agro-physiological and fruit quality compared to the NPK and control under DS.The combination of AMF and C(C+AMF)increased leaf water potential by 18.8%,stomatal conductance by 14.1%,fresh fruit weight by 25.0%,shoot dry matter by 104%and root dry matter by 56.1%compared to the control under DS.The study revealed that C+AMF caused a significant increase in sugar,protein and activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase in leaves and fruits,and an opposite trend was observed in the case of malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide compared to NPK and control under DS.In conclusion,it is recommended to utilize the combination of AMF with compost to enhance the growth,yield,osmotic adjustment,and antioxidant capacity of tomato plants.This approach can boost their resilience to water stress and improve overall fruit quality.
文摘The macropores of biochar provide a suitable habitat for microbial growth,and its high carbon content serves as an energy source for beneficial microbes.This study evaluated the potential of biochar as a carrier for Trichoderma in managing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in chickpeas.Biochar application reduced plant disease severity by 36.5%and increased plant root mass by 23.3%.For this,three types of biochar,wheat straw,organic kitchen waste,and hardwood were tested with Trichoderma,analyzing such as organic C,total N,P,K,Mg,and Ca;pH,and ash content.Trichoderma populations were monitored with biochar carrier of different mesh sizes(250,150,75,and 45μm)for up to 6 weeks after inoculation.Hardwood biochar at 150μm supported the highest Trichoderma population,reaching 33.5×10~5 CFU·g-1after 6 weeks.Hardwood biochar also achieved the maximum disease suppression compared to other biochar types.This research highlights the dual role of biochar in enhancing plant growth and controlling disease,contributing to the standardization of biochar use in agricultural practices.
