The Bikaner-Nagaur and Barmer Basins(Rajasthan)are the most important petroliferous sedimentary basins in India.For over a decade,the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in these basins.Paleocene-Eocene age roc...The Bikaner-Nagaur and Barmer Basins(Rajasthan)are the most important petroliferous sedimentary basins in India.For over a decade,the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in these basins.Paleocene-Eocene age rocks bear organic-rich sediments in these basins,including lignite and carbonaceous shale deposits.The present research investigates the source rock properties,petroleum potential and thermal maturity of the carbonaceous shale partings from the lignite mines of Gurha(Bikaner-Nagaur Basin)and Kapurdi(Barmer Basin)using petrographical and geochemical tools.The carbonaceous shales have high organic matter(OM),with considerable total organic carbon(TOC)contents ranging from 13%to 39%.Furthermore,they contain hydrogen-rich kerogen,including types II and II/III,as evidenced by the Rock-Eval and elemental analysis results.The existence of these kerogen types indicates the abundance of reactive(vitrinite and liptinite)macerals.However,the carbonaceous shales from the Bikaner–Nagaur Basin have oil generation potentials,with a high hydrogen index(up to 516 mg HC/g TOC)and a H/C ratio(up to 1.5)along with a significant presence of oil-prone liptinitic macerals.Apart from the geochemical and petrological results,the studied shales have low huminite reflectance(0.31%–0.48%),maximum temperature(S_(2) peak;Tmax)between 419℃ and 429℃,and low production index values(PI:0.01–0.03).These results indicate that these carbonaceous shales contain immature OM,and thereby,they cannot yet release commercial amount of oil.This immaturity level in the studied outcrop section is due to the shallow burial depth.Geochemical proxies further indicate the presence of both oil and gas-prone source rocks.展开更多
Damage caused due to low-velocity impacts in composites leads to substantial deterioration in their residual strength and eventually provokes structural failure.This work presents an experimental investigation on the ...Damage caused due to low-velocity impacts in composites leads to substantial deterioration in their residual strength and eventually provokes structural failure.This work presents an experimental investigation on the effects of different patch and parent laminate stacking sequences on the enhancement of impact strength of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers(CFRP)composites by utilising the adhesively bonded external patch repair technique.Damage evolution study is also performed with the aid of Acoustic Emission(AE).Two different quasi-isotropic configurations were selected for the parent laminate,viz.,[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/0°/45°/0°]s.Quasi Static Indentation(QSI)test was performed on both the pristine laminates,and damage areas were detected by using the C-scan inspection technique.Damaged laminates were repaired by using a single-sided patch of two different configurations,viz.,[45°/45°/45°/45°]and[45°/0°/0°/45°],and employing a circular plug to fill the damaged hole.Four different combinations of repaired laminates with two configurations of each parent and patch laminate were produced,which were further subjected to the QSI test.The results reveal the effectiveness of the repair method,as all the repaired laminates show higher impact resistance compared to the respective pristine laminates.Patches of[45°/0°/0°/45°]configuration when repaired by taking[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/0°/45°/0°]s as parents exhibited 68%and 73%higher peak loads,respectively,than the respective pristine laminates.Furthermore,parent and patch of configuration[45°/0°/45°/0°]s and[45°/0°/0°/45°],respectively,attain the highest peak load,whereas[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/45°/45°/45°]combinations possess the most gradual decrease in the load.展开更多
Exploration of secondary resources for isolation of valuable constituents,such as rare earth elements(REEs)and trace elements(TEs),is of importance owing to the need to identify new domestic sources and reduce relianc...Exploration of secondary resources for isolation of valuable constituents,such as rare earth elements(REEs)and trace elements(TEs),is of importance owing to the need to identify new domestic sources and reduce reliance on imports.The present study systematically discusses the distribution of REEs and TEs in core samples from the coal block of Bhalukasba Surni{(B1(125 m)-B9(409 m)}located in Rajmahal coalfield,Jharkhand,India,which has not been investigated previously for its geochemistry.The studied coal samples were found to be enriched in TEs whose abundances were in the order of Mn>Mo>Zr>Ni>Cr>V>Cu>Zn>Pb,and REEs(La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)along with Sc and Y.The average concentration of REEs with yttrium(ΣREY)on an ash basis was 528 ppm,which is significantly higher than the world average for coal ash(435 ppm).Of the samples investigated,B3(182-184 m)and B8(396-399 m)demonstrated relatively higher concentrations of potentially economic elements,with B3 containing a higher proportion of middle to heavy REEs Gd,Dy,Ho and Er,and B8 showing relative enrichment in Nd and Y.On dry whole coal basis,B6(275-278 m)showed a considerably higher concentration of Ge(55 ppm)than other samples,whereas the concentration of Zr varied in the range of 90-160 ppm in the whole coal block.X-ray diffraction studies revealed the presence of quartz,keatite,hematite,zircon,anatase and orthoclase in the coal ash samples prepared at 815℃.REEs exhibited prominent positive correlation with Al_(2)O_(3)(0.4<r>0.9)which is supportive of their residence in primary clay minerals such as kaolinite and illite-smectite.Additionally,a positive correlation of REEs with P_(2)O_(5)(0.4<r>0.9)suggests their association with phosphate minerals(such as monazite,xenotime,apatite).Positive correlation with TiO_(2)(r>0.7)corroborates the possible association of REEs with anatase.The morphology of the coal ash samples viewed in SEM showed the presence of Al_(2)O_(3)and SiO_(2)enriched irregular-sponge particles likely derived from partly-fused clay minerals,which accounted for the lower extent of REE encapsulation.The Bhalukasba Surni coal block is potentially of economic importance due to its enrichment in Ge,Zr,and the REEs.展开更多
The extraction of valuables from waste has gained momentum.Thermal infuence alters both the organic and inorganic components of coal.Insufficient knowledge on the association of rare earth elements(REEs)with the paren...The extraction of valuables from waste has gained momentum.Thermal infuence alters both the organic and inorganic components of coal.Insufficient knowledge on the association of rare earth elements(REEs)with the parent matrix of thermally altered high-ash coals(63%ash)limits the potential for such coals being utilized for isolation of valuables.In this study,we analyzed the distribution and occurrence modes of REEs within a magmatically altered high-ash coal via nine-step sequential extraction,combining Tessier and BCR methods.The total concentration of REEs in the coal sample,on whole coal basis,was found to be 820 ppm,which is significantly higher than the world average.Major mineral oxides were deduced to be those of Si,Fe,Al,Ca,Mg,and Ti.Sequential extraction confirmed that about 66%of HREE and 25%of LREE were included in the residual fraction.LREEs were concluded to be primarily in ionic form,whereas HREEs were speculated to be associated with the TiO_(2) phase.XRD analyses showed that thermal alteration affected the dolomite phase specifically,which selectively got removed where carbonate-bound elements were assessed.Petrographic analysis supported the magmatic influence and demonstrated the presence of mosaic structures and pores containing unfused vitrinite,with a reflectance value of 3.6.To summarize,the present study pertaining to delineation of association of valuables in high-ash heat-altered coals from an Eastern coalfeld in India can potentially open up new avenues for utilizing such coals,which are otherwiseconsidered waste.展开更多
Recently,the increasing demand of radio spectrum for the next generation communication systems due to the explosive growth of applications appetite for bandwidths has led to the problem of spectrum scarcity.The potent...Recently,the increasing demand of radio spectrum for the next generation communication systems due to the explosive growth of applications appetite for bandwidths has led to the problem of spectrum scarcity.The potential approaches among the proposed solutions to resolve this issue are well explored cognitive radio(CR)technology and recently introduced non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)techniques.Both the techniques are employed for efficient spectrum utilization and assure the significant improvement in the spectral efficiency.Further,the significant improvement in spectral efficiency can be achieved by combining both the techniques.Since the CR is well-explored technique as compared to that of the NOMA in the field of communication,therefore it is worth and wise to implement this technique over the CR.In this article,we have presented the frameworks of NOMA implementation over CR as well as the feasibility of proposed frameworks.Further,the differences between proposed CR-NOMA and conventional CR frameworks are discussed.Finally,the potential issues regarding the implementation of CR-NOMA are explored.展开更多
Left ventricle(LV) pseudoaneurysm is a late mechanical complication of myocardial infarction.A giant LV pseudoaneurysm is a rare presentation.We report a case of giant LV pseudoaneurysm in a post-MI patient who presen...Left ventricle(LV) pseudoaneurysm is a late mechanical complication of myocardial infarction.A giant LV pseudoaneurysm is a rare presentation.We report a case of giant LV pseudoaneurysm in a post-MI patient who presented with gross congestive heart failure.The patient had a successful surgical repair of the aneurysm and had a favorable 3-mo outcome.The imaging modality and surgical treatment of the pseudoaneurysm are discussed.展开更多
Persistent left superior vena cava(LSVC) can be incidentally detected during pacemaker implantation through left pectoral side.There is technical difficulty of optimal site pacing and lead stability for right ventricl...Persistent left superior vena cava(LSVC) can be incidentally detected during pacemaker implantation through left pectoral side.There is technical difficulty of optimal site pacing and lead stability for right ventricle lead in such situation.We hereby report a case of successful single-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator(ICD) implantation in a 50 years-old male with LSVC.The practical issues related with right ventricle lead implantation and pacing/defibrillation parameters for ICD device are discussed.展开更多
Second generation drug eluting stents(DES) have shown better safety and efficacy in comparison to first generation DES,because of thinner struts,nondurable polymers and coating with better anti-proliferative drugs.The...Second generation drug eluting stents(DES) have shown better safety and efficacy in comparison to first generation DES,because of thinner struts,nondurable polymers and coating with better anti-proliferative drugs.The newer DES with cobalt alloy base have demonstrated a greater trackability,deliverability,conformability,flexibility and radio-opacity.However,these thin strut stents have a downside of poor longitudinal axial strength,and therefore get easily deformed/ compressed at their end with a slight trauma during exchange of various catheters.We hereby report two cases of "longitudinal stent compression(LSC)" of everolimus-eluting stent,which happened during percutaneous coronary intervention of right coronary artery.Both the cases were successfully managed with non-compliant balloon dilatation.Various reasons for LSC and its management are discussed in the article.展开更多
This paper focuses on potential issues related to the random selection of a sensing channel that occurs after the prediction phase in a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN).A novel approach (Approach-l)for improved selection...This paper focuses on potential issues related to the random selection of a sensing channel that occurs after the prediction phase in a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN).A novel approach (Approach-l)for improved selection is proposed,which relies on the probabilities of channels by which they are predicted idle.Further,closed-form expressions are derived for the throughput of Cognitive Users (CUs)in the conventional and proposed approaches. In addition to this,a fimdamental approach for computing the prediction probabilities is also proposed.Moreover, a new challenging issue named "sense and stuck"was observed in the conventional approach.The proposed approach is validated by comparing the results achieved with the results of the conventional approach.However, to achieve the prediction probabilities,the pre-channel-state-information is a prerequisite,but it may be unavailable for particular scenarios;therefore,a modified selection method is introduced to avoid the sense and stuck problem.An algorithm to evaluate the throughput using the random,improved,and modified selection methods is presented with its space and time complexities.Furthermore,for additional improvement in the throughput of the CU,a new frame structure is introduced,in which the spectrum prediction and sensing periods are exploited for simultaneous transmission of data via the underlay spectrtun access technique (Approach-2).The simulated results of Approach-2 are compared with our pre-obtalned results of Approach-I,which confirm significant improvement in the throughput.展开更多
Detailed mineralogical, bulk-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data for the recently discovered Ahobil kimberlite(Pipe-16) from the Wajrakarur kimberlite field(WKF), Eastern Dharwar craton(EDC),southern India, are p...Detailed mineralogical, bulk-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data for the recently discovered Ahobil kimberlite(Pipe-16) from the Wajrakarur kimberlite field(WKF), Eastern Dharwar craton(EDC),southern India, are presented. Two generations of compositionally distinct olivine, Ti-poor phlogopite showing orangeitic evolutionary trends, spinel displaying magmatic trend-1, abundant perovskite, Tirich hydrogarnet, calcite and serpentine are the various mineral constituents. On the basis of(i) liquidus mineral composition,(ii) bulk-rock chemistry, and(iii) Sr-Nd isotopic composition, we show that Ahobil kimberlite shares several characteristic features of archetypal kimberlites than orangeites and lamproites. Geochemical modelling indicate Ahobil kimberlite magma derivation from small-degree melting of a carbonated peridotite source having higher Gd/Yb and lower La/Sm in contrast to those of orangeites from the Eastern Dharwar and Bastar cratons of Indian shield. The T_(Dm) Nd model age(～2.0 Ga) of the Ahobil kimberlite is(i) significantly older than those(1.5～1.3 Ga) reported for Wajrakarur and Narayanpet kimberlites of EDC,(ii) indistinguishable from those of the Mesoproterozoic EDC lamproites,and(iii) strikingly coincides with the timing of the amalgamation of the Columbia supercontinent. High bulk-rock Fe-Ti contents and wide variation in oxygen fugacity fO_2, as inferred from perovskite oxybarometry, suggest non-prospective nature of the Ahobil kimberlite for diamond.展开更多
New geochemical data of the crater-facies Tokapal kimberlite system sandwiched between the lower and upper stratigraphic horizons of the Mesoproterozoic lndravati Basin a：：e presented. The kimberlite has been subjec...New geochemical data of the crater-facies Tokapal kimberlite system sandwiched between the lower and upper stratigraphic horizons of the Mesoproterozoic lndravati Basin a：：e presented. The kimberlite has been subjected to extensive and pervasive low-temperature alteration. Spinel is the only primary phase identifiable, while olivine macrocrysts and juvenile lapilli are largely pseudomorphed （talc-serpentine- carbonate alteration）. However, with the exception of the alkalies, major element oxides display systematic fractionation trends; likewise, HFSE patterns are well correlated and allow petrogenetic interpretation. Various crustal contamination indices such as （SiO2 ＋ AI：：O3 ~ Na20）]（MgO ~ K20） and Si] Mg are close to those of uncontaminated kimberlites. Similar La]Yb （＇79-109） of the Tokapal samples with those from the kimberlites of Wajrakarur （73-145） and Narayanpet （72-156）, Eastern Dharwar craton, southern India implies a similarity in their genesis. In the discriminant plots involving HFSE the Tokapal samples display strong affinities to Group 1I kimberlites from southern Africa and central India as well as to ＇transitional kimberlites＇ from the Eastern Dharwar craton, southern India, and those from the Prieska and Kuruman provinces of southern Africa. There is a striking ~;imilarity in the depleted-mantle （TOM） Nd model ages of the Tokapal kimberlite system, Bastar craton, th~ kimberlites from NKF and WKE Eastern Dharwar craton, and the Majhgawan diatreme, Bundelkhand craton, with the emplacement age of some of the lamproites from within and around the Palaeo^Mesoproterozoic Cuddapah basin, southern India. These similar ages imply a major tectonomagmatic event, possibly related to the break- up of the supercontinent of Columbia, at 1.3-1.5 Ga across the l：hree cratons. The ＇transitional＇ geochemical features displayed by many of the Mesoproterozoic po~：assic-ultrapotassic rocks, across these Indian cratons are inferred to be memories of the metasomatising fluids]melts imprinted on their source regions during this widespread event.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to construct a multivariate generalization of a new kind of Kantorovich type q-Bernstein-Schurer operators. First, we establish the moments of the operators and then prove the rate of conv...The purpose of this paper is to construct a multivariate generalization of a new kind of Kantorovich type q-Bernstein-Schurer operators. First, we establish the moments of the operators and then prove the rate of convergence by using the modulus of continuity. Finally, we obtain the degree of approximation by means of Lipschitz type class.展开更多
The dynamicity of the technology market and varied consumer tastes make the technology product market highly unpredictable and complex.Besides,due to competition and fast breakthroughs in the technology market,it can ...The dynamicity of the technology market and varied consumer tastes make the technology product market highly unpredictable and complex.Besides,due to competition and fast breakthroughs in the technology market,it can be observed that in recent years,the product life cycle has shortened significantly.It created immense pressure on managers to develop inventory policies corresponding to actual market realities.Economics order quantity(EOQ)models are often used to develop inventory policies.However,due to the variable nature of the demand rate function of technology products,the traditional EOQ models may not be useful for developing replenishment policies for technology products.In addition to the consumer adoption process,inventory managers also face the challenge of imperfect quality products while strategizing business policies.Imperfect quality products can come from flawed transport and storage conditions,or they may come due to the faulty production process.Proper inspection or screening of the lot is important for removing the desired level of defective items before delivery to the customers.In this paper,we propose a new EOQ model for technology items with imperfect quality where the demand rate will follow life-cycle dynamics,and sales are treated as a function of product awareness,utility,and consumer affordability.To confirm the validity of the proposed framework,a numerical analysis is performed under different market conditions.展开更多
The hydro-geochemistry and isotopic variations in groundwater,coupled with sediment geochemistry,were investigated in the Middle Gangetic Plain,India,to better understand the aquifer dynamics that influence the arseni...The hydro-geochemistry and isotopic variations in groundwater,coupled with sediment geochemistry,were investigated in the Middle Gangetic Plain,India,to better understand the aquifer dynamics that influence the arsenic(As)evolution and mobilization.Eighty-four groundwater samples,thirteen River water samples,and two sediment cores(33 mbgl)were studied.The samples were analyzed for major ions and trace metals,including As and stable isotopic variability(δ^(2)H,δ^(18)O,andδ^(13)C).The study area was categorized into older and younger alluvium based on existing geomorphological differences.Younger alluvium exhibits higher As enrichment in sediment and groundwater,ranging of 2.59–31.52 mg/kg and bdl to 0.62 mg/L.Groundwater samples were thermodynamically more stable with As(OH)_(3)species ranging from 88.5%to 91.4%and FeOOH from 69%to 81%,respectively.PHREEQC and mineralogical analysis suggested goethite and siderite act as a source and sink for As.However,statistical analysis suggested reductive dissolution as the primary mechanism for As mobilization in the study area.Spatio-temporal analysis revealed elevated concentrations of As in the central and northeastern regions of the study area.Stable isotope(δ^(2)H andδ^(18)O)analysis inferred active recharge conditions primarily driven by precipitation.The depleted d-excess value and enrichedδ^(18)O in the groundwater of younger alluvium indicate the effect of groundwater recharge with significant evaporation enrichment.Groundwater recharge potentially decreased the quantity of arsenic in groundwater,whereas evaporation enrichment increased it.Rainwater infiltration during recharge introduces oxygenated water into the aquifer,leading to changes in the redox conditions and facilitating biogeochemical reactions.The carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)results suggest that high microbial activity in younger alluvium promotes As leaching from sediment into the groundwater.展开更多
Shale gas,a type of unconventional natural gas found within shale formations,has emerged as a significant source of energy globally.The West Bokaro Basin,part of the Damodar Valley,is known for its rich coal deposits ...Shale gas,a type of unconventional natural gas found within shale formations,has emerged as a significant source of energy globally.The West Bokaro Basin,part of the Damodar Valley,is known for its rich coal deposits and complex geological history.The basin's stratigraphy includes significant coal-bearing formations interbedded with shales,which may be potential sources of shale gas.The key formations in the basin include the Barakar Formation,which is the primary coal-bearing unit,and the Raniganj Formation,which contains substantial shale intervals.These formations exhibit varying thicknesses,organic content,thermal maturity,and mechanical strength,all of which are critical factors influencing shale gas potential.The assessment of shale gas potential in the West Bokaro Basin involves evaluating the organic richness,thermal maturity,pore characteristics,geochemistry,and mineralogy of the shale formations.Apart from organic richness and thermal maturity,the shale formations must be friable,as they generally lack natural permeability.This study aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the prospects of shale gas in the West Bokaro Basin based on the organic petrography,geochemistry,mineralogical study,Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)analysis,and low-pressure N_(2) adsorption analysis.The dark color,greasy touch,and high total organic carbon(TOC)content(5.88%-22.84%)provided an initial clue for the shale's potential as a source rock.Results from organic petrographic analysis suggest that these shales contain kerogen type Ⅲ,which is a known indicator of gas-prone zones.The random vitrinite reflectance(R_(o),0.80%-0.91%)and the temperature of maximum pyrolysis yield(Tmax,434-448℃)indicate that the organic matter has attained the sufficient thermal maturity required for the generation of hydrocarbons.FTIR and X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses identified inorganic entities and high quartz content in the shale samples,confirming their friability.The brittleness index(BI)calculated using X-ray fluorescence(XRF)data showed BI values above 0.48,indicating that the shales are brittle,which is advantageous for hydraulic fracturing.The high quartz content in the shale might act as a natural proppant,enhancing gas extraction efficiency.These findings suggest that the West Bokaro shales hold promise for economically viable shale gas production.展开更多
One of the major concerns for the technology market is the demand volatility andits impact on inventory policies. Demand volatility in the technology sector mayarise due to many factors namely customer choices, compet...One of the major concerns for the technology market is the demand volatility andits impact on inventory policies. Demand volatility in the technology sector mayarise due to many factors namely customer choices, competition, growingmarket size, and so on. Often companies use rented warehouses to absorb anyfluctuations in demand. Unfortunately, warehouse and inventory researchesignore the phenomenon of growing market size to formulate policy decisions. Inthis paper, we proposed a two-warehouse inventory model with deterioration fortechnology products with linearly increasing market size where demand followsinnovation diffusion criterion. The model is based on the assumption that theholding costs in the rented warehouse are more than the own warehouse. Asimple solution procedure also discussed to solve nonlinear cost function.Numerical example and sensitivity analysis are also used to describe the utilityof the model.展开更多
Traditional inventory models are mostly ignorant of the life cycle dynamics of a technology product;hence,they often fail to identify different dimensions of inventory research.This paper attempts to investigate the r...Traditional inventory models are mostly ignorant of the life cycle dynamics of a technology product;hence,they often fail to identify different dimensions of inventory research.This paper attempts to investigate the relationship between adoption behavior of customers using life cycle dynamics and associated trade credit policies in order to optimize the total inventory cost.The demand model used in this paper treats sales as a function of awareness diffusion and adoption.Awareness is considered as a function of feedback effects from users/customers.Retailer’s optimal strategies for short life cycle product under credit financing were determined analytically.Finally,numerical examples have been used to support the theoretical results.Theoretical results have further been used to gain some managerial insights.展开更多
Introduction:Mangrove forests are highly productive ecosystems distributed along the tropical coast line.Nutrient biogeochemistry of mangroves are primarly driven by both allochthonous and autochthonous sources.Charac...Introduction:Mangrove forests are highly productive ecosystems distributed along the tropical coast line.Nutrient biogeochemistry of mangroves are primarly driven by both allochthonous and autochthonous sources.Characterization of organic matter in coastal ecosystems enables to understand the biogeochemical transformation of organic matter and its influence on ecosystem productivity in response to various changing environmental conditions.Therefore,the elemental and stable carbon and nitrogen levels were employed to understand the organic matter(OM)dynamics in the Sundarban mangrove ecosystem(India-Bangladesh).Results:Differences in stable isotope values indicate that variable sources influence the OM dynamics in Sundarban sediments.The progressive enrichment inδ13C levels along the land-coastal continuum indicates that the terrestrial and marine inputs are dominant at the landward and seaward ends,respectively.The CuO oxidationderived lignin phenol monomers describe significant levels of total lignin are preserved in Sundarban mangrove sediments during diagenesis.The phenol monomer ratios are lower than the plant litter explaining that aromatic ring cleavage is the dominant mechanism for the lignin degradation.Furthermore,the Ad/Al ratios were higher than the plant litter explaining the oxidation of propyl side chain of vascular OM influencing the carbon cycling in Sundarban sediments.Largely,the Ad/Al ratios describe the vascular OM degradation is through the oxidation of propyl side chain.Conclusions:The regional variability in land-use regulates the spatial variability in C,N,OC/TN ratio,δ13C andδ15N between the Indian and the Bangladesh Sundarban mangroves and indicates that in the upstream terrestrial organic matter and/or mangrove plant litter contribute significant amount of organic matter,whereas the marine POC influences the organic matter dynamics in downstream.The three end-member mixing model applying terrestrial plant litter,seston,and marine POC as end-members explains the relative contribution of OM from various sources,and marine inputs were dominant in Sundarban sediments.展开更多
Hypoparathyroidism leading to hypocalcaemia is an important treatable cause of recurrent seizures. Neurological manifestations due to hypoparathyroidism include: seizures, paresthesia, depression, psychosis, extra pyr...Hypoparathyroidism leading to hypocalcaemia is an important treatable cause of recurrent seizures. Neurological manifestations due to hypoparathyroidism include: seizures, paresthesia, depression, psychosis, extra pyramidal symptoms, and features of raised intracranial pressure. Seizures may be the presenting symptoms preceding other signs of hypocalcaemia. Primary hypoparathyroidism presenting for the first time as seizures in the elderly is quite rare. Here we report two cases of hypoparathyroidism presenting with seizures in the elderly as the sole manifestation of hypocalcaemia. The goal of this report is to seek attention to such an uncommon reversible treatable cause of seizures and to consider hypoparathyroidism in the work up of these patients.展开更多
The survival of any eukaryotic cell may have a unified theory i.e., energy production and clearance of unwanted organelles or pathogens which may be biological or non-biological. Survival of species over time depends ...The survival of any eukaryotic cell may have a unified theory i.e., energy production and clearance of unwanted organelles or pathogens which may be biological or non-biological. Survival of species over time depends not only on survival of cell but also on its ability to replicate and produce progeny.展开更多
基金The University of Malaya's postdoctoral fellowship program has been acknowledged by the first author and is associated with grant number IF064-2019the Department of Science and Technology (Project No. SB/S4/ES-681/2013), Government of India, for their supportthe Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2024R546) at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
文摘The Bikaner-Nagaur and Barmer Basins(Rajasthan)are the most important petroliferous sedimentary basins in India.For over a decade,the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in these basins.Paleocene-Eocene age rocks bear organic-rich sediments in these basins,including lignite and carbonaceous shale deposits.The present research investigates the source rock properties,petroleum potential and thermal maturity of the carbonaceous shale partings from the lignite mines of Gurha(Bikaner-Nagaur Basin)and Kapurdi(Barmer Basin)using petrographical and geochemical tools.The carbonaceous shales have high organic matter(OM),with considerable total organic carbon(TOC)contents ranging from 13%to 39%.Furthermore,they contain hydrogen-rich kerogen,including types II and II/III,as evidenced by the Rock-Eval and elemental analysis results.The existence of these kerogen types indicates the abundance of reactive(vitrinite and liptinite)macerals.However,the carbonaceous shales from the Bikaner–Nagaur Basin have oil generation potentials,with a high hydrogen index(up to 516 mg HC/g TOC)and a H/C ratio(up to 1.5)along with a significant presence of oil-prone liptinitic macerals.Apart from the geochemical and petrological results,the studied shales have low huminite reflectance(0.31%–0.48%),maximum temperature(S_(2) peak;Tmax)between 419℃ and 429℃,and low production index values(PI:0.01–0.03).These results indicate that these carbonaceous shales contain immature OM,and thereby,they cannot yet release commercial amount of oil.This immaturity level in the studied outcrop section is due to the shallow burial depth.Geochemical proxies further indicate the presence of both oil and gas-prone source rocks.
基金the financial support by the Council of Scientific&Industrial Research(CSIR)-Research Scheme,India(22/0809/2019-EMR-II)。
文摘Damage caused due to low-velocity impacts in composites leads to substantial deterioration in their residual strength and eventually provokes structural failure.This work presents an experimental investigation on the effects of different patch and parent laminate stacking sequences on the enhancement of impact strength of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers(CFRP)composites by utilising the adhesively bonded external patch repair technique.Damage evolution study is also performed with the aid of Acoustic Emission(AE).Two different quasi-isotropic configurations were selected for the parent laminate,viz.,[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/0°/45°/0°]s.Quasi Static Indentation(QSI)test was performed on both the pristine laminates,and damage areas were detected by using the C-scan inspection technique.Damaged laminates were repaired by using a single-sided patch of two different configurations,viz.,[45°/45°/45°/45°]and[45°/0°/0°/45°],and employing a circular plug to fill the damaged hole.Four different combinations of repaired laminates with two configurations of each parent and patch laminate were produced,which were further subjected to the QSI test.The results reveal the effectiveness of the repair method,as all the repaired laminates show higher impact resistance compared to the respective pristine laminates.Patches of[45°/0°/0°/45°]configuration when repaired by taking[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/0°/45°/0°]s as parents exhibited 68%and 73%higher peak loads,respectively,than the respective pristine laminates.Furthermore,parent and patch of configuration[45°/0°/45°/0°]s and[45°/0°/0°/45°],respectively,attain the highest peak load,whereas[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/45°/45°/45°]combinations possess the most gradual decrease in the load.
文摘Exploration of secondary resources for isolation of valuable constituents,such as rare earth elements(REEs)and trace elements(TEs),is of importance owing to the need to identify new domestic sources and reduce reliance on imports.The present study systematically discusses the distribution of REEs and TEs in core samples from the coal block of Bhalukasba Surni{(B1(125 m)-B9(409 m)}located in Rajmahal coalfield,Jharkhand,India,which has not been investigated previously for its geochemistry.The studied coal samples were found to be enriched in TEs whose abundances were in the order of Mn>Mo>Zr>Ni>Cr>V>Cu>Zn>Pb,and REEs(La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)along with Sc and Y.The average concentration of REEs with yttrium(ΣREY)on an ash basis was 528 ppm,which is significantly higher than the world average for coal ash(435 ppm).Of the samples investigated,B3(182-184 m)and B8(396-399 m)demonstrated relatively higher concentrations of potentially economic elements,with B3 containing a higher proportion of middle to heavy REEs Gd,Dy,Ho and Er,and B8 showing relative enrichment in Nd and Y.On dry whole coal basis,B6(275-278 m)showed a considerably higher concentration of Ge(55 ppm)than other samples,whereas the concentration of Zr varied in the range of 90-160 ppm in the whole coal block.X-ray diffraction studies revealed the presence of quartz,keatite,hematite,zircon,anatase and orthoclase in the coal ash samples prepared at 815℃.REEs exhibited prominent positive correlation with Al_(2)O_(3)(0.4<r>0.9)which is supportive of their residence in primary clay minerals such as kaolinite and illite-smectite.Additionally,a positive correlation of REEs with P_(2)O_(5)(0.4<r>0.9)suggests their association with phosphate minerals(such as monazite,xenotime,apatite).Positive correlation with TiO_(2)(r>0.7)corroborates the possible association of REEs with anatase.The morphology of the coal ash samples viewed in SEM showed the presence of Al_(2)O_(3)and SiO_(2)enriched irregular-sponge particles likely derived from partly-fused clay minerals,which accounted for the lower extent of REE encapsulation.The Bhalukasba Surni coal block is potentially of economic importance due to its enrichment in Ge,Zr,and the REEs.
文摘The extraction of valuables from waste has gained momentum.Thermal infuence alters both the organic and inorganic components of coal.Insufficient knowledge on the association of rare earth elements(REEs)with the parent matrix of thermally altered high-ash coals(63%ash)limits the potential for such coals being utilized for isolation of valuables.In this study,we analyzed the distribution and occurrence modes of REEs within a magmatically altered high-ash coal via nine-step sequential extraction,combining Tessier and BCR methods.The total concentration of REEs in the coal sample,on whole coal basis,was found to be 820 ppm,which is significantly higher than the world average.Major mineral oxides were deduced to be those of Si,Fe,Al,Ca,Mg,and Ti.Sequential extraction confirmed that about 66%of HREE and 25%of LREE were included in the residual fraction.LREEs were concluded to be primarily in ionic form,whereas HREEs were speculated to be associated with the TiO_(2) phase.XRD analyses showed that thermal alteration affected the dolomite phase specifically,which selectively got removed where carbonate-bound elements were assessed.Petrographic analysis supported the magmatic influence and demonstrated the presence of mosaic structures and pores containing unfused vitrinite,with a reflectance value of 3.6.To summarize,the present study pertaining to delineation of association of valuables in high-ash heat-altered coals from an Eastern coalfeld in India can potentially open up new avenues for utilizing such coals,which are otherwiseconsidered waste.
文摘Recently,the increasing demand of radio spectrum for the next generation communication systems due to the explosive growth of applications appetite for bandwidths has led to the problem of spectrum scarcity.The potential approaches among the proposed solutions to resolve this issue are well explored cognitive radio(CR)technology and recently introduced non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)techniques.Both the techniques are employed for efficient spectrum utilization and assure the significant improvement in the spectral efficiency.Further,the significant improvement in spectral efficiency can be achieved by combining both the techniques.Since the CR is well-explored technique as compared to that of the NOMA in the field of communication,therefore it is worth and wise to implement this technique over the CR.In this article,we have presented the frameworks of NOMA implementation over CR as well as the feasibility of proposed frameworks.Further,the differences between proposed CR-NOMA and conventional CR frameworks are discussed.Finally,the potential issues regarding the implementation of CR-NOMA are explored.
文摘Left ventricle(LV) pseudoaneurysm is a late mechanical complication of myocardial infarction.A giant LV pseudoaneurysm is a rare presentation.We report a case of giant LV pseudoaneurysm in a post-MI patient who presented with gross congestive heart failure.The patient had a successful surgical repair of the aneurysm and had a favorable 3-mo outcome.The imaging modality and surgical treatment of the pseudoaneurysm are discussed.
文摘Persistent left superior vena cava(LSVC) can be incidentally detected during pacemaker implantation through left pectoral side.There is technical difficulty of optimal site pacing and lead stability for right ventricle lead in such situation.We hereby report a case of successful single-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator(ICD) implantation in a 50 years-old male with LSVC.The practical issues related with right ventricle lead implantation and pacing/defibrillation parameters for ICD device are discussed.
文摘Second generation drug eluting stents(DES) have shown better safety and efficacy in comparison to first generation DES,because of thinner struts,nondurable polymers and coating with better anti-proliferative drugs.The newer DES with cobalt alloy base have demonstrated a greater trackability,deliverability,conformability,flexibility and radio-opacity.However,these thin strut stents have a downside of poor longitudinal axial strength,and therefore get easily deformed/ compressed at their end with a slight trauma during exchange of various catheters.We hereby report two cases of "longitudinal stent compression(LSC)" of everolimus-eluting stent,which happened during percutaneous coronary intervention of right coronary artery.Both the cases were successfully managed with non-compliant balloon dilatation.Various reasons for LSC and its management are discussed in the article.
文摘This paper focuses on potential issues related to the random selection of a sensing channel that occurs after the prediction phase in a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN).A novel approach (Approach-l)for improved selection is proposed,which relies on the probabilities of channels by which they are predicted idle.Further,closed-form expressions are derived for the throughput of Cognitive Users (CUs)in the conventional and proposed approaches. In addition to this,a fimdamental approach for computing the prediction probabilities is also proposed.Moreover, a new challenging issue named "sense and stuck"was observed in the conventional approach.The proposed approach is validated by comparing the results achieved with the results of the conventional approach.However, to achieve the prediction probabilities,the pre-channel-state-information is a prerequisite,but it may be unavailable for particular scenarios;therefore,a modified selection method is introduced to avoid the sense and stuck problem.An algorithm to evaluate the throughput using the random,improved,and modified selection methods is presented with its space and time complexities.Furthermore,for additional improvement in the throughput of the CU,a new frame structure is introduced,in which the spectrum prediction and sensing periods are exploited for simultaneous transmission of data via the underlay spectrtun access technique (Approach-2).The simulated results of Approach-2 are compared with our pre-obtalned results of Approach-I,which confirm significant improvement in the throughput.
基金New Delhi sanctioned a major research project(IR/S4/ESF-18/2011 dated 12.11.2013)to NVCR which made this research possibleDST-SERB for financial assistance in the form of a research scientist. AS acknowledges CSIR for awarding JRF(NET)
文摘Detailed mineralogical, bulk-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data for the recently discovered Ahobil kimberlite(Pipe-16) from the Wajrakarur kimberlite field(WKF), Eastern Dharwar craton(EDC),southern India, are presented. Two generations of compositionally distinct olivine, Ti-poor phlogopite showing orangeitic evolutionary trends, spinel displaying magmatic trend-1, abundant perovskite, Tirich hydrogarnet, calcite and serpentine are the various mineral constituents. On the basis of(i) liquidus mineral composition,(ii) bulk-rock chemistry, and(iii) Sr-Nd isotopic composition, we show that Ahobil kimberlite shares several characteristic features of archetypal kimberlites than orangeites and lamproites. Geochemical modelling indicate Ahobil kimberlite magma derivation from small-degree melting of a carbonated peridotite source having higher Gd/Yb and lower La/Sm in contrast to those of orangeites from the Eastern Dharwar and Bastar cratons of Indian shield. The T_(Dm) Nd model age(～2.0 Ga) of the Ahobil kimberlite is(i) significantly older than those(1.5～1.3 Ga) reported for Wajrakarur and Narayanpet kimberlites of EDC,(ii) indistinguishable from those of the Mesoproterozoic EDC lamproites,and(iii) strikingly coincides with the timing of the amalgamation of the Columbia supercontinent. High bulk-rock Fe-Ti contents and wide variation in oxygen fugacity fO_2, as inferred from perovskite oxybarometry, suggest non-prospective nature of the Ahobil kimberlite for diamond.
文摘New geochemical data of the crater-facies Tokapal kimberlite system sandwiched between the lower and upper stratigraphic horizons of the Mesoproterozoic lndravati Basin a：：e presented. The kimberlite has been subjected to extensive and pervasive low-temperature alteration. Spinel is the only primary phase identifiable, while olivine macrocrysts and juvenile lapilli are largely pseudomorphed （talc-serpentine- carbonate alteration）. However, with the exception of the alkalies, major element oxides display systematic fractionation trends; likewise, HFSE patterns are well correlated and allow petrogenetic interpretation. Various crustal contamination indices such as （SiO2 ＋ AI：：O3 ~ Na20）]（MgO ~ K20） and Si] Mg are close to those of uncontaminated kimberlites. Similar La]Yb （＇79-109） of the Tokapal samples with those from the kimberlites of Wajrakarur （73-145） and Narayanpet （72-156）, Eastern Dharwar craton, southern India implies a similarity in their genesis. In the discriminant plots involving HFSE the Tokapal samples display strong affinities to Group 1I kimberlites from southern Africa and central India as well as to ＇transitional kimberlites＇ from the Eastern Dharwar craton, southern India, and those from the Prieska and Kuruman provinces of southern Africa. There is a striking ~;imilarity in the depleted-mantle （TOM） Nd model ages of the Tokapal kimberlite system, Bastar craton, th~ kimberlites from NKF and WKE Eastern Dharwar craton, and the Majhgawan diatreme, Bundelkhand craton, with the emplacement age of some of the lamproites from within and around the Palaeo^Mesoproterozoic Cuddapah basin, southern India. These similar ages imply a major tectonomagmatic event, possibly related to the break- up of the supercontinent of Columbia, at 1.3-1.5 Ga across the l：hree cratons. The ＇transitional＇ geochemical features displayed by many of the Mesoproterozoic po~：assic-ultrapotassic rocks, across these Indian cratons are inferred to be memories of the metasomatising fluids]melts imprinted on their source regions during this widespread event.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to construct a multivariate generalization of a new kind of Kantorovich type q-Bernstein-Schurer operators. First, we establish the moments of the operators and then prove the rate of convergence by using the modulus of continuity. Finally, we obtain the degree of approximation by means of Lipschitz type class.
基金support provided by the FORE School of Management,New Delhi and BITS Pilani in completing this paper is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The dynamicity of the technology market and varied consumer tastes make the technology product market highly unpredictable and complex.Besides,due to competition and fast breakthroughs in the technology market,it can be observed that in recent years,the product life cycle has shortened significantly.It created immense pressure on managers to develop inventory policies corresponding to actual market realities.Economics order quantity(EOQ)models are often used to develop inventory policies.However,due to the variable nature of the demand rate function of technology products,the traditional EOQ models may not be useful for developing replenishment policies for technology products.In addition to the consumer adoption process,inventory managers also face the challenge of imperfect quality products while strategizing business policies.Imperfect quality products can come from flawed transport and storage conditions,or they may come due to the faulty production process.Proper inspection or screening of the lot is important for removing the desired level of defective items before delivery to the customers.In this paper,we propose a new EOQ model for technology items with imperfect quality where the demand rate will follow life-cycle dynamics,and sales are treated as a function of product awareness,utility,and consumer affordability.To confirm the validity of the proposed framework,a numerical analysis is performed under different market conditions.
基金funded by the Ministry of Earth Sciences(MoES)under the Geochronology project[MoES/P.O.(Seismic)8(09)-Geochron/2012]。
文摘The hydro-geochemistry and isotopic variations in groundwater,coupled with sediment geochemistry,were investigated in the Middle Gangetic Plain,India,to better understand the aquifer dynamics that influence the arsenic(As)evolution and mobilization.Eighty-four groundwater samples,thirteen River water samples,and two sediment cores(33 mbgl)were studied.The samples were analyzed for major ions and trace metals,including As and stable isotopic variability(δ^(2)H,δ^(18)O,andδ^(13)C).The study area was categorized into older and younger alluvium based on existing geomorphological differences.Younger alluvium exhibits higher As enrichment in sediment and groundwater,ranging of 2.59–31.52 mg/kg and bdl to 0.62 mg/L.Groundwater samples were thermodynamically more stable with As(OH)_(3)species ranging from 88.5%to 91.4%and FeOOH from 69%to 81%,respectively.PHREEQC and mineralogical analysis suggested goethite and siderite act as a source and sink for As.However,statistical analysis suggested reductive dissolution as the primary mechanism for As mobilization in the study area.Spatio-temporal analysis revealed elevated concentrations of As in the central and northeastern regions of the study area.Stable isotope(δ^(2)H andδ^(18)O)analysis inferred active recharge conditions primarily driven by precipitation.The depleted d-excess value and enrichedδ^(18)O in the groundwater of younger alluvium indicate the effect of groundwater recharge with significant evaporation enrichment.Groundwater recharge potentially decreased the quantity of arsenic in groundwater,whereas evaporation enrichment increased it.Rainwater infiltration during recharge introduces oxygenated water into the aquifer,leading to changes in the redox conditions and facilitating biogeochemical reactions.The carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)results suggest that high microbial activity in younger alluvium promotes As leaching from sediment into the groundwater.
文摘Shale gas,a type of unconventional natural gas found within shale formations,has emerged as a significant source of energy globally.The West Bokaro Basin,part of the Damodar Valley,is known for its rich coal deposits and complex geological history.The basin's stratigraphy includes significant coal-bearing formations interbedded with shales,which may be potential sources of shale gas.The key formations in the basin include the Barakar Formation,which is the primary coal-bearing unit,and the Raniganj Formation,which contains substantial shale intervals.These formations exhibit varying thicknesses,organic content,thermal maturity,and mechanical strength,all of which are critical factors influencing shale gas potential.The assessment of shale gas potential in the West Bokaro Basin involves evaluating the organic richness,thermal maturity,pore characteristics,geochemistry,and mineralogy of the shale formations.Apart from organic richness and thermal maturity,the shale formations must be friable,as they generally lack natural permeability.This study aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the prospects of shale gas in the West Bokaro Basin based on the organic petrography,geochemistry,mineralogical study,Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)analysis,and low-pressure N_(2) adsorption analysis.The dark color,greasy touch,and high total organic carbon(TOC)content(5.88%-22.84%)provided an initial clue for the shale's potential as a source rock.Results from organic petrographic analysis suggest that these shales contain kerogen type Ⅲ,which is a known indicator of gas-prone zones.The random vitrinite reflectance(R_(o),0.80%-0.91%)and the temperature of maximum pyrolysis yield(Tmax,434-448℃)indicate that the organic matter has attained the sufficient thermal maturity required for the generation of hydrocarbons.FTIR and X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses identified inorganic entities and high quartz content in the shale samples,confirming their friability.The brittleness index(BI)calculated using X-ray fluorescence(XRF)data showed BI values above 0.48,indicating that the shales are brittle,which is advantageous for hydraulic fracturing.The high quartz content in the shale might act as a natural proppant,enhancing gas extraction efficiency.These findings suggest that the West Bokaro shales hold promise for economically viable shale gas production.
文摘One of the major concerns for the technology market is the demand volatility andits impact on inventory policies. Demand volatility in the technology sector mayarise due to many factors namely customer choices, competition, growingmarket size, and so on. Often companies use rented warehouses to absorb anyfluctuations in demand. Unfortunately, warehouse and inventory researchesignore the phenomenon of growing market size to formulate policy decisions. Inthis paper, we proposed a two-warehouse inventory model with deterioration fortechnology products with linearly increasing market size where demand followsinnovation diffusion criterion. The model is based on the assumption that theholding costs in the rented warehouse are more than the own warehouse. Asimple solution procedure also discussed to solve nonlinear cost function.Numerical example and sensitivity analysis are also used to describe the utilityof the model.
文摘Traditional inventory models are mostly ignorant of the life cycle dynamics of a technology product;hence,they often fail to identify different dimensions of inventory research.This paper attempts to investigate the relationship between adoption behavior of customers using life cycle dynamics and associated trade credit policies in order to optimize the total inventory cost.The demand model used in this paper treats sales as a function of awareness diffusion and adoption.Awareness is considered as a function of feedback effects from users/customers.Retailer’s optimal strategies for short life cycle product under credit financing were determined analytically.Finally,numerical examples have been used to support the theoretical results.Theoretical results have further been used to gain some managerial insights.
文摘Introduction:Mangrove forests are highly productive ecosystems distributed along the tropical coast line.Nutrient biogeochemistry of mangroves are primarly driven by both allochthonous and autochthonous sources.Characterization of organic matter in coastal ecosystems enables to understand the biogeochemical transformation of organic matter and its influence on ecosystem productivity in response to various changing environmental conditions.Therefore,the elemental and stable carbon and nitrogen levels were employed to understand the organic matter(OM)dynamics in the Sundarban mangrove ecosystem(India-Bangladesh).Results:Differences in stable isotope values indicate that variable sources influence the OM dynamics in Sundarban sediments.The progressive enrichment inδ13C levels along the land-coastal continuum indicates that the terrestrial and marine inputs are dominant at the landward and seaward ends,respectively.The CuO oxidationderived lignin phenol monomers describe significant levels of total lignin are preserved in Sundarban mangrove sediments during diagenesis.The phenol monomer ratios are lower than the plant litter explaining that aromatic ring cleavage is the dominant mechanism for the lignin degradation.Furthermore,the Ad/Al ratios were higher than the plant litter explaining the oxidation of propyl side chain of vascular OM influencing the carbon cycling in Sundarban sediments.Largely,the Ad/Al ratios describe the vascular OM degradation is through the oxidation of propyl side chain.Conclusions:The regional variability in land-use regulates the spatial variability in C,N,OC/TN ratio,δ13C andδ15N between the Indian and the Bangladesh Sundarban mangroves and indicates that in the upstream terrestrial organic matter and/or mangrove plant litter contribute significant amount of organic matter,whereas the marine POC influences the organic matter dynamics in downstream.The three end-member mixing model applying terrestrial plant litter,seston,and marine POC as end-members explains the relative contribution of OM from various sources,and marine inputs were dominant in Sundarban sediments.
文摘Hypoparathyroidism leading to hypocalcaemia is an important treatable cause of recurrent seizures. Neurological manifestations due to hypoparathyroidism include: seizures, paresthesia, depression, psychosis, extra pyramidal symptoms, and features of raised intracranial pressure. Seizures may be the presenting symptoms preceding other signs of hypocalcaemia. Primary hypoparathyroidism presenting for the first time as seizures in the elderly is quite rare. Here we report two cases of hypoparathyroidism presenting with seizures in the elderly as the sole manifestation of hypocalcaemia. The goal of this report is to seek attention to such an uncommon reversible treatable cause of seizures and to consider hypoparathyroidism in the work up of these patients.
文摘The survival of any eukaryotic cell may have a unified theory i.e., energy production and clearance of unwanted organelles or pathogens which may be biological or non-biological. Survival of species over time depends not only on survival of cell but also on its ability to replicate and produce progeny.
