The Jalilabad Cu(±Au)deposit lies in the central section of the Tarom-Hashjin Metallogenic Belt,in northern Zanjan Province,NW Iran.Mineralization predominantly occurs within quartz-sulfide veins,veinlets,and bre...The Jalilabad Cu(±Au)deposit lies in the central section of the Tarom-Hashjin Metallogenic Belt,in northern Zanjan Province,NW Iran.Mineralization predominantly occurs within quartz-sulfide veins,veinlets,and breccia zones,primarily hosted by the Eocene volcanic and volcaniclastic units of the Karaj Formation.The mineralization trends NW-SE and is influenced by several strike-slip faults.Chalcopyrite and bornite are the principal hypogene sulfides,with chalcocite and covellite representing the supergene stage.The post-ore stage is characterized by brecciated calcite and quartz.Geochemical analyses show that the monzonite intrusion contains SiO_(2)levels ranging from 69.80 to 70.24 wt.%,K_(2)O+Na_(2)O values between 8.10 and 8.15 wt.%,and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios of 1.36 to 1.61.The intrusion is enriched in light rare earth elements(LREEs)and large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs)while being depleted in high-field-strength elements(HFSEs).A low Hf/Sm ratio indicates an orogenic-related magma,and a low Nb/La ratio points to a depleted mantle source.Microthermometric studies of three quartz types reveal moderate to high formation temperatures(195.4-322.7℃)and salinities ranging from 8.10 to 11.82 wt.%NaCl_(equiv).Oxygen isotope data(δ^(18)O_(H2O)O)range from+4.8‰to+8.1‰,suggesting a magmatic origin for the ore-forming fluids,later diluted by meteoric water.Sulfur isotope values(δ^(34)S_(H2S))between−6.0‰and−9.1‰confirm a magmatic source.Fluid mixing and dilution are identified as the primary mechanisms for ore precipitation.Raman spectroscopy enables nondestructive identification of minerals through their unique vibrational peaks.Chalcopyrite(213,280,1304 cm^(−1)),hematite(214,282,469,689,1309 cm^(−1)),goethite(967 cm^(−1)),and quartz(125,198,458 cm^(−1))show distinct spectral fingerprints indicating mineral differentiation,alteration tracking,and structural analysis in geological studies.Based on its geological context,the Jalilabad Cu(±Au)deposit is interpreted as resembling a high-sulfidation epithermal deposit.展开更多
Climate change and human activities have led to desertification and decreased land productivity,significantly affecting human livelihoods in desert regions.Identifying suitable areas for cultivating economic and nativ...Climate change and human activities have led to desertification and decreased land productivity,significantly affecting human livelihoods in desert regions.Identifying suitable areas for cultivating economic and native plants based on ecological capacity,biological restoration,and risk management can be valuable tools for combating desertification.In this study,we identified suitable areas for the growth of economic and medicinal Moringa peregrina trees in desert regions of Sistan and Baluchestan Province,southern Iran,using library research and field methods.We also assessed the economic involvement of local communities in areas under different topographic conditions(namely flat area,undulating area,rolling area,moderately sloping area,and steep area)in the study area.Financial indicators such as the net present value(NPV),benefit-cost ratio(BCR),internal rate of return(IRR),and return on investment(ROI)were calculated for areas under various topographic conditions in the study area.The rolling area with results of NPV(6142.75 USD),IRR(103.38),BCR(5.38),and ROI(in the 3rd year)was the best region for investing and cultivating M.peregrina.The minimum economic level varied from 0.80 hm2 in the flat area to 21.60 hm2 in the steep area.Also,approximately 5,314,629.51 hm2 of desert lands in the study area were deemed suitable for M.peregrina cultivation,benefiting around 1,743,246 households in the study area.Cultivating M.peregrina in southern Iran can positively affect local communities and help preserve land from erosion.Our study will provide theoretical support for planting native species in other degraded desert regions to enhance ecosystem services and the well-being of indigenous populations.展开更多
文摘The Jalilabad Cu(±Au)deposit lies in the central section of the Tarom-Hashjin Metallogenic Belt,in northern Zanjan Province,NW Iran.Mineralization predominantly occurs within quartz-sulfide veins,veinlets,and breccia zones,primarily hosted by the Eocene volcanic and volcaniclastic units of the Karaj Formation.The mineralization trends NW-SE and is influenced by several strike-slip faults.Chalcopyrite and bornite are the principal hypogene sulfides,with chalcocite and covellite representing the supergene stage.The post-ore stage is characterized by brecciated calcite and quartz.Geochemical analyses show that the monzonite intrusion contains SiO_(2)levels ranging from 69.80 to 70.24 wt.%,K_(2)O+Na_(2)O values between 8.10 and 8.15 wt.%,and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios of 1.36 to 1.61.The intrusion is enriched in light rare earth elements(LREEs)and large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs)while being depleted in high-field-strength elements(HFSEs).A low Hf/Sm ratio indicates an orogenic-related magma,and a low Nb/La ratio points to a depleted mantle source.Microthermometric studies of three quartz types reveal moderate to high formation temperatures(195.4-322.7℃)and salinities ranging from 8.10 to 11.82 wt.%NaCl_(equiv).Oxygen isotope data(δ^(18)O_(H2O)O)range from+4.8‰to+8.1‰,suggesting a magmatic origin for the ore-forming fluids,later diluted by meteoric water.Sulfur isotope values(δ^(34)S_(H2S))between−6.0‰and−9.1‰confirm a magmatic source.Fluid mixing and dilution are identified as the primary mechanisms for ore precipitation.Raman spectroscopy enables nondestructive identification of minerals through their unique vibrational peaks.Chalcopyrite(213,280,1304 cm^(−1)),hematite(214,282,469,689,1309 cm^(−1)),goethite(967 cm^(−1)),and quartz(125,198,458 cm^(−1))show distinct spectral fingerprints indicating mineral differentiation,alteration tracking,and structural analysis in geological studies.Based on its geological context,the Jalilabad Cu(±Au)deposit is interpreted as resembling a high-sulfidation epithermal deposit.
基金funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative(2024VCC0009).
文摘Climate change and human activities have led to desertification and decreased land productivity,significantly affecting human livelihoods in desert regions.Identifying suitable areas for cultivating economic and native plants based on ecological capacity,biological restoration,and risk management can be valuable tools for combating desertification.In this study,we identified suitable areas for the growth of economic and medicinal Moringa peregrina trees in desert regions of Sistan and Baluchestan Province,southern Iran,using library research and field methods.We also assessed the economic involvement of local communities in areas under different topographic conditions(namely flat area,undulating area,rolling area,moderately sloping area,and steep area)in the study area.Financial indicators such as the net present value(NPV),benefit-cost ratio(BCR),internal rate of return(IRR),and return on investment(ROI)were calculated for areas under various topographic conditions in the study area.The rolling area with results of NPV(6142.75 USD),IRR(103.38),BCR(5.38),and ROI(in the 3rd year)was the best region for investing and cultivating M.peregrina.The minimum economic level varied from 0.80 hm2 in the flat area to 21.60 hm2 in the steep area.Also,approximately 5,314,629.51 hm2 of desert lands in the study area were deemed suitable for M.peregrina cultivation,benefiting around 1,743,246 households in the study area.Cultivating M.peregrina in southern Iran can positively affect local communities and help preserve land from erosion.Our study will provide theoretical support for planting native species in other degraded desert regions to enhance ecosystem services and the well-being of indigenous populations.
