The immunocompatibility and antioxidative characteristics of Maillard reaction-based carbon dots(MR-CDs)have not been extensively studied.This study aimed to develop a Maillard reaction model system utilizing glucose ...The immunocompatibility and antioxidative characteristics of Maillard reaction-based carbon dots(MR-CDs)have not been extensively studied.This study aimed to develop a Maillard reaction model system utilizing glucose and arginine to synthesize carbon dots.The investigation into the MR-CD’s physicochemical properties,biocompatibility,cytoprotective effects,and antioxidant capacity revealed promising results.TEM images showed spherical carbon dots(CDs)of 3-15 nm diameter.The FTIR spectra indicated the presence of hydroxyl,amino,and carbonyl functional groups in MR-CDs surfaces.An X-ray diffractometer analysis showed that CDs are amorphous.The fluorescence spectra revealed wavelength-dependent emission with a maximum intensity of 390 nm.The response of THP-1 cells after exposure to MR-CDs was studied to assess biocompatibility,nuclear morphology,ROS levels,lysosome accumulation,and gene expression of inflammatory markers(IL6,TNFα,NF-κB,MIF,IFNA,and GSR genes).MR-CDs induced a dose-dependent proliferation of THP-1 cells without altering their nuclear morphology.A lysosome and mitochondrial membrane potential analysis also showed that MR-CDs are non-toxic.The levels of intracellular ROS did not differ from those in the control.Downregulation of in-flammatory genes was observed after exposure to MR-CDs.The expression of the Glutathione-disulfide reductase(GSR)gene was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner,indicating increased antioxidant activity in MR-CDs.The result of the DPPH assay confirmed the antioxidant ability of MR-CDs.MR-CDs performed cytoprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage.These findings suggest that,besides their immuno-compatibility,MR-CDs possess potent antioxidant and cytoprotective properties,which make them ideal for a range of immunomodulatory applications,sparking optimism for future research and development in this field.展开更多
基金funded by the National Plan of Science,Technology,and Innovation(MAARIFAH),King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Award Number:15-MED5103-02.
文摘The immunocompatibility and antioxidative characteristics of Maillard reaction-based carbon dots(MR-CDs)have not been extensively studied.This study aimed to develop a Maillard reaction model system utilizing glucose and arginine to synthesize carbon dots.The investigation into the MR-CD’s physicochemical properties,biocompatibility,cytoprotective effects,and antioxidant capacity revealed promising results.TEM images showed spherical carbon dots(CDs)of 3-15 nm diameter.The FTIR spectra indicated the presence of hydroxyl,amino,and carbonyl functional groups in MR-CDs surfaces.An X-ray diffractometer analysis showed that CDs are amorphous.The fluorescence spectra revealed wavelength-dependent emission with a maximum intensity of 390 nm.The response of THP-1 cells after exposure to MR-CDs was studied to assess biocompatibility,nuclear morphology,ROS levels,lysosome accumulation,and gene expression of inflammatory markers(IL6,TNFα,NF-κB,MIF,IFNA,and GSR genes).MR-CDs induced a dose-dependent proliferation of THP-1 cells without altering their nuclear morphology.A lysosome and mitochondrial membrane potential analysis also showed that MR-CDs are non-toxic.The levels of intracellular ROS did not differ from those in the control.Downregulation of in-flammatory genes was observed after exposure to MR-CDs.The expression of the Glutathione-disulfide reductase(GSR)gene was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner,indicating increased antioxidant activity in MR-CDs.The result of the DPPH assay confirmed the antioxidant ability of MR-CDs.MR-CDs performed cytoprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage.These findings suggest that,besides their immuno-compatibility,MR-CDs possess potent antioxidant and cytoprotective properties,which make them ideal for a range of immunomodulatory applications,sparking optimism for future research and development in this field.
