A novel Clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 reassortant virus caused several outbreaks in wild birds in some regions of China from late 2014 to 2015.Based on the genetic and phylogenetic analyses,the viruses possess a stable gene con...A novel Clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 reassortant virus caused several outbreaks in wild birds in some regions of China from late 2014 to 2015.Based on the genetic and phylogenetic analyses,the viruses possess a stable gene constellation with a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA,a H9N2-derived PB2 gene and the other six genes of Asian H5N1-origin.The Clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 reassortants displayed a high genetic relationship to a human H5N1 strain(A/Alberta/01/2014).Further analysis showed that similar viruses have been circulating in wild birds in China,Russia,Dubai(Western Asia),Bulgaria and Romania(Europe),as well as domestic poultry in some regions of Africa.The affected areas include the Central Asian,East Asian-Australasian,West Asian-East African,and Black Sea/Mediterranean flyways.These results show that the novel Clade 2.3.2.1c reassortant viruses are circulating worldwide and may have gained a selective advantage in migratory birds,thus posing a serious threat to wild birds and potentially humans.展开更多
Dear Editor Marine mammals are widely distributed and can be found almost in all coastal waters and coastlines around the world.The interface areas between marine and terrestrial environments provide natural habitats ...Dear Editor Marine mammals are widely distributed and can be found almost in all coastal waters and coastlines around the world.The interface areas between marine and terrestrial environments provide natural habitats for aquatic and semiaquatic mammals as well as for reservoir species of avian influenza viruses (AIV)(Runstadler et al.2013).展开更多
Seasonal influenza activity significantly decreased in China during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,yet the H3N2 virus led to three epidemic waves.Understanding the characteristics of H3N2 epidemic viru...Seasonal influenza activity significantly decreased in China during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,yet the H3N2 virus led to three epidemic waves.Understanding the characteristics of H3N2 epidemic viruses is essential for recognizing influenza during COVID-19 and for updating vaccines.In this study,we analyzed 579 respiratory samples from patients exhibiting influenza-like symptoms,collected in 2019–2022,leading to the successful sequencing of 36 complete H3N2 genomes.Genomic analysis indicated that the epidemic strains from these periods belonged to different hemagglutinin(HA)clades and exhibited phylogenetic divergence from the concurrently used vaccine strains.Significant antigenic differences were identified through cross-hemagglutination inhibition(HI)and cross-microneutralization(MN)assays.Furthermore,pathogenicity studies showed that representative strains replicated in Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK)cells,with varying abilities,and all replicated more effectively at 37℃ compared to 33℃.These strains also replicated well in the respiratory tracts of mice and guinea pigs.The findings indicate a mismatch between circulating H3N2 viruses and recommended vaccine strains,highlighting the need for improved international cooperation and epidemiological surveillance of influenza viruses post-COVID-19.Optimizing effective vaccine strain update strategy and developing a universal influenza vaccine are crucial for future preparedness.展开更多
Migratory birds are considered natural reservoirs of avian influenza A viruses(AIVs).To further our viral ecology knowledge and understand the subsequent risk posed by wild birds,we conducted a 4-year surveillance stu...Migratory birds are considered natural reservoirs of avian influenza A viruses(AIVs).To further our viral ecology knowledge and understand the subsequent risk posed by wild birds,we conducted a 4-year surveillance study of AIVs in the bird wintering wetlands of the Yangtze River,China.We collected over8000 samples and isolated 122 AIV strains.Analyses were then carried out with 108 novel sequenced genomes and data were deposited in GISAID and other public databases.The results showed that the Yangtze River wintering wetlands functioned as a mixing ground,where various subtypes of AIVs were detected harboring a high diversity of nucleotide sequences;moreover,a portion of AIV gene segments were persistent inter-seasonally.Phylogenetic incongruence presented complex reassortment events and distinct patterns among various subtypes.In addition,we observed that viral gene segments in wintering wetlands were closely related to known North American isolates,indicating that intercontinental gene flow occurred.Notably,highly pathogenic H5 and low pathogenic H9 viruses,which usually circulate in poultry,were found to have crossed the poultry/wild bird interface,with the viruses introduced to wintering birds.Overall,this study represented the largest AIV surveillance effort of wild birds within the Yangtze River wintering wetlands.Surveillance data highlighted the important role of wintering wild birds in the ecology of AIVs and may enable future early warnings of novel AIV emergence.展开更多
Impact statementThis study identifies avian tuberculosis as a potential cause of mass mortality in wild migratory birds in Inner Mongolia,China.Combining meta-transcriptomic sequencing and histopathological analysis,it...Impact statementThis study identifies avian tuberculosis as a potential cause of mass mortality in wild migratory birds in Inner Mongolia,China.Combining meta-transcriptomic sequencing and histopathological analysis,it reveals one of the rare instances oftuberculosis-associated outbreaks in avian populations.Thesefindings underscore the importance of surveillance on wildlifediseases to mitigate the risk of interspecies transmission of the disease associated pathogens and their broader implicationsfor biodiversity and public health.展开更多
Studies on influenza virus by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)could be traced back as early as 2005 by the CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology(CASPMI),who discovered that Qinghai-like Clade 2....Studies on influenza virus by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)could be traced back as early as 2005 by the CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology(CASPMI),who discovered that Qinghai-like Clade 2.2H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus(HPAIV)first caused severe outbreak in wild birds in Qinghai Lake(Liu et al.,2005).展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31311120063,81470096,31570026,31471253)the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Chinese-Russian project:RFMEFI61315X0045)+3 种基金the intramural special grant for influenza virus research from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-EW-L09)the IDRCAPEIR program (106915-001)Special Project of Ministry of Science and Technology (2013FY113500)supported by the “Taishan Scholar” project of Shandong Province
文摘A novel Clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 reassortant virus caused several outbreaks in wild birds in some regions of China from late 2014 to 2015.Based on the genetic and phylogenetic analyses,the viruses possess a stable gene constellation with a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA,a H9N2-derived PB2 gene and the other six genes of Asian H5N1-origin.The Clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 reassortants displayed a high genetic relationship to a human H5N1 strain(A/Alberta/01/2014).Further analysis showed that similar viruses have been circulating in wild birds in China,Russia,Dubai(Western Asia),Bulgaria and Romania(Europe),as well as domestic poultry in some regions of Africa.The affected areas include the Central Asian,East Asian-Australasian,West Asian-East African,and Black Sea/Mediterranean flyways.These results show that the novel Clade 2.3.2.1c reassortant viruses are circulating worldwide and may have gained a selective advantage in migratory birds,thus posing a serious threat to wild birds and potentially humans.
基金supported by RFBR(research project No.17-04-01919)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2016YFE0205800)+3 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX10004222)intramural special grants for influenza virus research from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-EW-L15)supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(2017122)supported by the Taishan Scholars program of Shandong Province(ts201511056)
文摘Dear Editor Marine mammals are widely distributed and can be found almost in all coastal waters and coastlines around the world.The interface areas between marine and terrestrial environments provide natural habitats for aquatic and semiaquatic mammals as well as for reservoir species of avian influenza viruses (AIV)(Runstadler et al.2013).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3500804 and 2023YFC2307500 to Y.L.and Y.B.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(32261133524 and 32425053 to Y.B.)+7 种基金the Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases(BJRID2025-007 to Y.B.)the CAS Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute(151C53KYSB20210023 to Y.B.)the Major Project of Guangzhou National Laboratory(GZNL2023A01001 to Y.B.)the National Science and Technology Infrastructure of China(National Pathogen Resource Center-NPRC-32 to Y.B.)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-086 to Y.B.)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Y2021034 to Y.B.)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202208 to Y.B.)the Russian Science Foundation(23-44-00026 to M.G.and A.S.).
文摘Seasonal influenza activity significantly decreased in China during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,yet the H3N2 virus led to three epidemic waves.Understanding the characteristics of H3N2 epidemic viruses is essential for recognizing influenza during COVID-19 and for updating vaccines.In this study,we analyzed 579 respiratory samples from patients exhibiting influenza-like symptoms,collected in 2019–2022,leading to the successful sequencing of 36 complete H3N2 genomes.Genomic analysis indicated that the epidemic strains from these periods belonged to different hemagglutinin(HA)clades and exhibited phylogenetic divergence from the concurrently used vaccine strains.Significant antigenic differences were identified through cross-hemagglutination inhibition(HI)and cross-microneutralization(MN)assays.Furthermore,pathogenicity studies showed that representative strains replicated in Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK)cells,with varying abilities,and all replicated more effectively at 37℃ compared to 33℃.These strains also replicated well in the respiratory tracts of mice and guinea pigs.The findings indicate a mismatch between circulating H3N2 viruses and recommended vaccine strains,highlighting the need for improved international cooperation and epidemiological surveillance of influenza viruses post-COVID-19.Optimizing effective vaccine strain update strategy and developing a universal influenza vaccine are crucial for future preparedness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81961138013,31570026,31970174,31970548,and 32061123001)the National Mega Project on Major Infectious Disease Prevention(2017ZX10103005-005)+1 种基金the Special Project of Ministry of Science and Technology(2013FY113500)the Russian Foundation for Basic Research—National Natural Science Foundation of China Collaboration Fund(19-54-55004)。
文摘Migratory birds are considered natural reservoirs of avian influenza A viruses(AIVs).To further our viral ecology knowledge and understand the subsequent risk posed by wild birds,we conducted a 4-year surveillance study of AIVs in the bird wintering wetlands of the Yangtze River,China.We collected over8000 samples and isolated 122 AIV strains.Analyses were then carried out with 108 novel sequenced genomes and data were deposited in GISAID and other public databases.The results showed that the Yangtze River wintering wetlands functioned as a mixing ground,where various subtypes of AIVs were detected harboring a high diversity of nucleotide sequences;moreover,a portion of AIV gene segments were persistent inter-seasonally.Phylogenetic incongruence presented complex reassortment events and distinct patterns among various subtypes.In addition,we observed that viral gene segments in wintering wetlands were closely related to known North American isolates,indicating that intercontinental gene flow occurred.Notably,highly pathogenic H5 and low pathogenic H9 viruses,which usually circulate in poultry,were found to have crossed the poultry/wild bird interface,with the viruses introduced to wintering birds.Overall,this study represented the largest AIV surveillance effort of wild birds within the Yangtze River wintering wetlands.Surveillance data highlighted the important role of wintering wild birds in the ecology of AIVs and may enable future early warnings of novel AIV emergence.
基金approved by the Animal Ethics Committee ofthe Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Approval Number:APIMCAS2018034 and APIMCAS2021112).
文摘Impact statementThis study identifies avian tuberculosis as a potential cause of mass mortality in wild migratory birds in Inner Mongolia,China.Combining meta-transcriptomic sequencing and histopathological analysis,it reveals one of the rare instances oftuberculosis-associated outbreaks in avian populations.Thesefindings underscore the importance of surveillance on wildlifediseases to mitigate the risk of interspecies transmission of the disease associated pathogens and their broader implicationsfor biodiversity and public health.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFE0205800)National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX10004222)+5 种基金Emergency Technology Research Issue on Prevention and Control for Human Infection with A(H7N9)Avian Influenza Virus(10600100000015001206)intramural special grants for influenza virus research from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-EWL15)Tianjin Research Program of the Application Foundation and Advanced Technology(14JCYBJC24400)the research project RFBR 17-04-01919a leading principal investigator of the NSFC Innovative Research Group(81621091)supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(2017122)
文摘Studies on influenza virus by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)could be traced back as early as 2005 by the CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology(CASPMI),who discovered that Qinghai-like Clade 2.2H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus(HPAIV)first caused severe outbreak in wild birds in Qinghai Lake(Liu et al.,2005).
