Three experiments were conducted to evaluate direct-fed microbial (<strong>DFM</strong>) supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, and fecal shedding of <em>E. coli</em> in ...Three experiments were conducted to evaluate direct-fed microbial (<strong>DFM</strong>) supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, and fecal shedding of <em>E. coli</em> in feedlot steers. In Exp. 1, 400 steers (BW = 348 kg) were assigned to treatments: <strong>CON</strong> = lactose carrier only, <strong>BOV</strong> =<em> P. freudenreichii </em>(NP24) +<em> L. acidophilus</em> (NP51), <strong>BOVD</strong> = <em>P. freudenreichii</em> (NP24) +<em> L. acidophilus</em> (NP51), and <strong>COMB</strong> = BOV fed for the first 101 d on feed, followed by BOVD for the final 28 d prior to harvest. In Exp. 2 (n = 1800;BW = 354 kg) and Exp. 3 (n = 112;BW = 397 kg), steers were utilized in a randomized complete block design and assigned to DFM treatments using low dose and high dose, respectively. Fecal samples were collected prior to harvest and analyzed for <em>E. coli</em> serogroups. In Exp. 1, DFM reduced (P < 0.01) the concentration of<em> E. coli</em> O157. Prevalence of O157 was reduced by BOVD supplementation in Exp. 2 and 3 (P < 0.01 and P = 0.08, respectively), and concentration of <em>E. coli</em> O157 in positive samples was reduced in both experiments where enumeration was performed (P ≤ 0.02). Weighted mean differences across the three experiments were equal to a 33% reduction in the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in BOVD treated cattle. A significant reduction in prevalence of O26, O45, O103, and O121 was observed in Exp. 2 (P ≤ 0.03). These results indicate that high levels of <em>L. acidophilus</em> (NP51) may represent an effective pre-harvest food safety intervention to reduce fecal shedding of several <em>E. coli</em> serogroups.展开更多
Objective: Mortality in FASD has not been well studied. In this paper we review published reports of mortality in FASD. Method: We searched using Pub Med for all years in all languages for reports of all-cause mortali...Objective: Mortality in FASD has not been well studied. In this paper we review published reports of mortality in FASD. Method: We searched using Pub Med for all years in all languages for reports of all-cause mortality associated with any FASD. Results: We located 26 papers reporting on 57 deaths. Cause of death was reported for 49/57 cases (86%). The two most prevalent potential causes of death were malformations of the heart (37 of 49 cases, 75.5%) which varied from atrial septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus to tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic left heart, aortic arch interruption, etc. and brain malformations(25 of 49, 51%) including microcephaly, hydrocephalus, porencephaly, agenesis/absence of the corpus callosum and semilobar holoprosencephaly. In several cases potential causal findings overlapped. The three most frequent other causes of death were sepsis (7 cases, 14.3%), kidney malformations (7 cases, 14.3%), and cancer (4 cases, 8.2%). Over half the deaths (30/55, 54.5%) occurred in the first year of life. Discussion: We found that congenital heart disease was the most common cause of death in people with FASD. This may be due to an ascertainment bias since many of the published studies were focused on congenital heart disease in FASD. We conclude that FASD is frequently undetected in mortality events and could be a common finding in infant, child, adolescent and adult mortality.展开更多
The Open Quantum Materials Database(OQMD)is a high-throughput database currently consisting of nearly 300,000 density functional theory(DFT)total energy calculations of compounds from the Inorganic Crystal Structure D...The Open Quantum Materials Database(OQMD)is a high-throughput database currently consisting of nearly 300,000 density functional theory(DFT)total energy calculations of compounds from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database(ICSD)and decorations of commonly occurring crystal structures.To maximise the impact of these data,the entire database is being made available,without restrictions,at www.oqmd.org/download.In this paper,we outline the structure and contents of the database,and then use it to evaluate the accuracy of the calculations therein by comparing DFT predictions with experimental measurements for the stability of all elemental ground-state structures and 1,670 experimental formation energies of compounds.This represents the largest comparison between DFT and experimental formation energies to date.The apparent mean absolute error between experimental measurements and our calculations is 0.096 eV/atom.In order to estimate how much error to attribute to the DFT calculations,we also examine deviation between different experimental measurements themselves where multiple sources are available,and find a surprisingly large mean absolute error of 0.082 eV/atom.Hence,we suggest that a significant fraction of the error between DFT and experimental formation energies may be attributed to experimental uncertainties.Finally,we evaluate the stability of compounds in the OQMD(including compounds obtained from the ICSD as well as hypothetical structures),which allows us to predict the existence of~3,200 new compounds that have not been experimentally characterised and uncover trends in material discovery,based on historical data available within the ICSD.展开更多
Aim:Transarterial chemoembolisation(TACE)is recommended therapy for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the wide variations in outcomes reflect significant heterogeneity of this patient group.We e...Aim:Transarterial chemoembolisation(TACE)is recommended therapy for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the wide variations in outcomes reflect significant heterogeneity of this patient group.We evaluated the prognostic factors associated with survival in a real-world setting to identify those at high risk of a poor outcome.Methods:Patients with HCC who underwent initial TACE at six tertiary hospitals between 2009 to 2014 were included via an extensive search of hospital databases and electronic medical records.Overall survival(OS)was measured from the date of initial treatment to the date of death or last follow-up.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the effects of baseline variables on post-TACE survival.Results:The majority of the 431 eligible patients were Caucasian(80%),male(87%),with a mean age of 66 years and had alcohol-related cirrhosis(43%).Most were Child-Pugh A(69%)with BCLC stage A(59%)or B(35%)disease,with a median OS of 28 months.On multivariate analysis,pre-treatment ascites(P=0.001)and larger HCC(P<0.001)were associated with worse overall survival,while higher serum albumin(P<0.001)and HBV(P=0.005)were associated with improved survival.Conclusion:Patients with advanced liver disease,including the presence of ascites and lower serum albumin,as well as those with greater tumour burden,have poorer outcomes following TACE treatment.Such findings provide a better understanding of the variation in survival after TACE and are helpful in facilitating selection and timely stage migration of patients undergoing this therapy.展开更多
文摘Three experiments were conducted to evaluate direct-fed microbial (<strong>DFM</strong>) supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, and fecal shedding of <em>E. coli</em> in feedlot steers. In Exp. 1, 400 steers (BW = 348 kg) were assigned to treatments: <strong>CON</strong> = lactose carrier only, <strong>BOV</strong> =<em> P. freudenreichii </em>(NP24) +<em> L. acidophilus</em> (NP51), <strong>BOVD</strong> = <em>P. freudenreichii</em> (NP24) +<em> L. acidophilus</em> (NP51), and <strong>COMB</strong> = BOV fed for the first 101 d on feed, followed by BOVD for the final 28 d prior to harvest. In Exp. 2 (n = 1800;BW = 354 kg) and Exp. 3 (n = 112;BW = 397 kg), steers were utilized in a randomized complete block design and assigned to DFM treatments using low dose and high dose, respectively. Fecal samples were collected prior to harvest and analyzed for <em>E. coli</em> serogroups. In Exp. 1, DFM reduced (P < 0.01) the concentration of<em> E. coli</em> O157. Prevalence of O157 was reduced by BOVD supplementation in Exp. 2 and 3 (P < 0.01 and P = 0.08, respectively), and concentration of <em>E. coli</em> O157 in positive samples was reduced in both experiments where enumeration was performed (P ≤ 0.02). Weighted mean differences across the three experiments were equal to a 33% reduction in the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in BOVD treated cattle. A significant reduction in prevalence of O26, O45, O103, and O121 was observed in Exp. 2 (P ≤ 0.03). These results indicate that high levels of <em>L. acidophilus</em> (NP51) may represent an effective pre-harvest food safety intervention to reduce fecal shedding of several <em>E. coli</em> serogroups.
文摘Objective: Mortality in FASD has not been well studied. In this paper we review published reports of mortality in FASD. Method: We searched using Pub Med for all years in all languages for reports of all-cause mortality associated with any FASD. Results: We located 26 papers reporting on 57 deaths. Cause of death was reported for 49/57 cases (86%). The two most prevalent potential causes of death were malformations of the heart (37 of 49 cases, 75.5%) which varied from atrial septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus to tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic left heart, aortic arch interruption, etc. and brain malformations(25 of 49, 51%) including microcephaly, hydrocephalus, porencephaly, agenesis/absence of the corpus callosum and semilobar holoprosencephaly. In several cases potential causal findings overlapped. The three most frequent other causes of death were sepsis (7 cases, 14.3%), kidney malformations (7 cases, 14.3%), and cancer (4 cases, 8.2%). Over half the deaths (30/55, 54.5%) occurred in the first year of life. Discussion: We found that congenital heart disease was the most common cause of death in people with FASD. This may be due to an ascertainment bias since many of the published studies were focused on congenital heart disease in FASD. We conclude that FASD is frequently undetected in mortality events and could be a common finding in infant, child, adolescent and adult mortality.
基金the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC00010543(JWD)the Ford-Boeing-Northwestern Alliance(JES)+2 种基金support by DOE under Grant No.DE-FG02-07ER46433(BM and AT)The Dow Chemical Company(MA)and the National Science Foundation under grant DRL-1348800(CW)supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231.
文摘The Open Quantum Materials Database(OQMD)is a high-throughput database currently consisting of nearly 300,000 density functional theory(DFT)total energy calculations of compounds from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database(ICSD)and decorations of commonly occurring crystal structures.To maximise the impact of these data,the entire database is being made available,without restrictions,at www.oqmd.org/download.In this paper,we outline the structure and contents of the database,and then use it to evaluate the accuracy of the calculations therein by comparing DFT predictions with experimental measurements for the stability of all elemental ground-state structures and 1,670 experimental formation energies of compounds.This represents the largest comparison between DFT and experimental formation energies to date.The apparent mean absolute error between experimental measurements and our calculations is 0.096 eV/atom.In order to estimate how much error to attribute to the DFT calculations,we also examine deviation between different experimental measurements themselves where multiple sources are available,and find a surprisingly large mean absolute error of 0.082 eV/atom.Hence,we suggest that a significant fraction of the error between DFT and experimental formation energies may be attributed to experimental uncertainties.Finally,we evaluate the stability of compounds in the OQMD(including compounds obtained from the ICSD as well as hypothetical structures),which allows us to predict the existence of~3,200 new compounds that have not been experimentally characterised and uncover trends in material discovery,based on historical data available within the ICSD.
基金supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program(RTP)Scholarship,Monash University,Melbourne,Australia。
文摘Aim:Transarterial chemoembolisation(TACE)is recommended therapy for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the wide variations in outcomes reflect significant heterogeneity of this patient group.We evaluated the prognostic factors associated with survival in a real-world setting to identify those at high risk of a poor outcome.Methods:Patients with HCC who underwent initial TACE at six tertiary hospitals between 2009 to 2014 were included via an extensive search of hospital databases and electronic medical records.Overall survival(OS)was measured from the date of initial treatment to the date of death or last follow-up.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the effects of baseline variables on post-TACE survival.Results:The majority of the 431 eligible patients were Caucasian(80%),male(87%),with a mean age of 66 years and had alcohol-related cirrhosis(43%).Most were Child-Pugh A(69%)with BCLC stage A(59%)or B(35%)disease,with a median OS of 28 months.On multivariate analysis,pre-treatment ascites(P=0.001)and larger HCC(P<0.001)were associated with worse overall survival,while higher serum albumin(P<0.001)and HBV(P=0.005)were associated with improved survival.Conclusion:Patients with advanced liver disease,including the presence of ascites and lower serum albumin,as well as those with greater tumour burden,have poorer outcomes following TACE treatment.Such findings provide a better understanding of the variation in survival after TACE and are helpful in facilitating selection and timely stage migration of patients undergoing this therapy.
