Many physiological effects of natural antioxidants, their extracts or their major active components, have been reported in recent decades. Most of these compounds are characterized by a phenolic structure, similar to ...Many physiological effects of natural antioxidants, their extracts or their major active components, have been reported in recent decades. Most of these compounds are characterized by a phenolic structure, similar to that of o-tocopherol, and present antioxidant properties that have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Polyphenors may increase the capacity of endogenous antioxidant defences and modulate the cellular redox state. Changes in the cellular redox state may have wide-ranging consequences for cellular growth and differentiation. The majority of in vitro and in vivo studies conducted so far have attributed the protective effect of bioactive polyphenols to their chemical reactivity toward free radicals and their capacity to prevent the oxidation of important intracellular components. However, in recent years a possible novel aspect inthe mode of action of these compounds has been suggested; that is, the ultimate stimulation of the heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） pathway is likely to account for the established and powerful antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties of these polyphenols. The products of the HO-catalyzed reaction, particularly carbon mon- oxide （CO） and biliverdin/bilirubin have been shown to exert protective effects in several organs against oxidative and other noxious stimuli. In this context, it is interesting to note that induction of HO-1 expression by means of natural compounds contributes to protection against liver damage in various experimental models. The focus of this review is on the significance of targeted induction of HO-1 as a potential therapeutic strategy to protect the liver against various stressors in several pathological conditions.展开更多
Background:Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery(AAOCA)is a congenital heart disease with a 0.3%−0.5%prevalence.Diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific clinical presentation.Risk stratification and treatmen...Background:Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery(AAOCA)is a congenital heart disease with a 0.3%−0.5%prevalence.Diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific clinical presentation.Risk stratification and treatment are currently based on expert consensus and single-center case series.Methods:Demographical and clinical data of AAOCA patients from 17 tertiary-care centers were analyzed.Diagnostic imaging studies(Bidimensional echocardiography,coronary computed tomography angiography[CCTA]were collected.Clinical correlations with anomalous coronary course and origin were evaluated.Results:Data from 239 patients(42%males,mean age 15 y)affected by AAOCA were collected;154 had AAOCA involving the right coronary artery(AAORCA),62 the left(AAOLCA),23 other anomalies.211(88%)presented with an inter-arterial course.Basal electrocardiogram(ECG)was abnormal in 37(16%).AAOCA was detected by transthoracic echocardiography and CCTA in 53%and 92%of patients,respectively.Half of the patients reported cardiac symptoms(119/239;50%),mostly during exercise in 121/178(68%).An ischemic response was demonstrated in 37/106(35%)and 16/31(52%)of patients undergoing ECG stress test and stress-rest single positron emission cardiac tomography.Compared with AAORCA,patients with AAOLCA presented more frequently with syncope(18%vs.5%,P=0.002),in particular when associated with inter-arterial course(22%vs.5%,P<0.001).Conclusion:Diagnosis of AAOCA is a clinical challenge due to nonspecific clinical presentations and low sensitivity of first-line cardiac screening exams.Syncope seems to be strictly correlated to AAOLCA with inter-arterial course.展开更多
基金Grants (ex 60%) from MURST (Ministero dell’ Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica),Rome,Italy
文摘Many physiological effects of natural antioxidants, their extracts or their major active components, have been reported in recent decades. Most of these compounds are characterized by a phenolic structure, similar to that of o-tocopherol, and present antioxidant properties that have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Polyphenors may increase the capacity of endogenous antioxidant defences and modulate the cellular redox state. Changes in the cellular redox state may have wide-ranging consequences for cellular growth and differentiation. The majority of in vitro and in vivo studies conducted so far have attributed the protective effect of bioactive polyphenols to their chemical reactivity toward free radicals and their capacity to prevent the oxidation of important intracellular components. However, in recent years a possible novel aspect inthe mode of action of these compounds has been suggested; that is, the ultimate stimulation of the heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） pathway is likely to account for the established and powerful antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties of these polyphenols. The products of the HO-catalyzed reaction, particularly carbon mon- oxide （CO） and biliverdin/bilirubin have been shown to exert protective effects in several organs against oxidative and other noxious stimuli. In this context, it is interesting to note that induction of HO-1 expression by means of natural compounds contributes to protection against liver damage in various experimental models. The focus of this review is on the significance of targeted induction of HO-1 as a potential therapeutic strategy to protect the liver against various stressors in several pathological conditions.
文摘Background:Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery(AAOCA)is a congenital heart disease with a 0.3%−0.5%prevalence.Diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific clinical presentation.Risk stratification and treatment are currently based on expert consensus and single-center case series.Methods:Demographical and clinical data of AAOCA patients from 17 tertiary-care centers were analyzed.Diagnostic imaging studies(Bidimensional echocardiography,coronary computed tomography angiography[CCTA]were collected.Clinical correlations with anomalous coronary course and origin were evaluated.Results:Data from 239 patients(42%males,mean age 15 y)affected by AAOCA were collected;154 had AAOCA involving the right coronary artery(AAORCA),62 the left(AAOLCA),23 other anomalies.211(88%)presented with an inter-arterial course.Basal electrocardiogram(ECG)was abnormal in 37(16%).AAOCA was detected by transthoracic echocardiography and CCTA in 53%and 92%of patients,respectively.Half of the patients reported cardiac symptoms(119/239;50%),mostly during exercise in 121/178(68%).An ischemic response was demonstrated in 37/106(35%)and 16/31(52%)of patients undergoing ECG stress test and stress-rest single positron emission cardiac tomography.Compared with AAORCA,patients with AAOLCA presented more frequently with syncope(18%vs.5%,P=0.002),in particular when associated with inter-arterial course(22%vs.5%,P<0.001).Conclusion:Diagnosis of AAOCA is a clinical challenge due to nonspecific clinical presentations and low sensitivity of first-line cardiac screening exams.Syncope seems to be strictly correlated to AAOLCA with inter-arterial course.
