A 79-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea, gradually worsening over a period of several weeks. His past medical history included hypertension, chronic hepatitis C without cirrhosis, ischemic stroke occurred...A 79-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea, gradually worsening over a period of several weeks. His past medical history included hypertension, chronic hepatitis C without cirrhosis, ischemic stroke occurred at the age of 68 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） caused by long-term cigarette smoking. The patient was alert and oriented and not in acute distress. The physical examination of the chest revealed decreased breath sounds at the bases of the lungs, without crackles or wheezes. Heart sounds were regular without murmurs. The respiration rate was normal.展开更多
Today’s world is characterized by uncertainty and complexity. While examining the importance of research in such a context, the paper attempts to outline a first definition of the role and potential of policy researc...Today’s world is characterized by uncertainty and complexity. While examining the importance of research in such a context, the paper attempts to outline a first definition of the role and potential of policy research. The policy process itself has become increasingly complex and non linear, as has its relationship with research. Consequently, policy researchers’ contributions to policymakers may not have a direct, punctual and immediate influence on single issues, but rather a more pervasive, interactive, deliberative effect. Focusing on the theoretical definition of the risk, uncertainty and complexity of the policy process today, the paper outlines some questions and puts forward possible answers which offer a starting point for further analysis. It explores a new role for policy research and underlines the opportunities offered by argumentative, deliberative and multidisciplinary approaches which can positively impact democracy.展开更多
Coherent Diffraction Imaging(CDI)is an experimental technique to image isolated structures by recording the scattered light.The sample density can be recovered from the scattered field through a Fourier Transform oper...Coherent Diffraction Imaging(CDI)is an experimental technique to image isolated structures by recording the scattered light.The sample density can be recovered from the scattered field through a Fourier Transform operation.However,the phase of the field is lost during the measurement and has to be algorithmically retrieved.Here we present SPRING,an analysis framework tailored to X-ray Free Electron Laser(XFEL)single-shot single-particle diffraction data that implements the Memetic Phase Retrieval method to mitigate the shortcomings of conventional algorithms.We benchmark the approach on data acquired in two experimental campaigns at SwissFEL and European XFEL.Results reveal unprecedented stability and resilience of the algorithm’s behavior on the input parameters,and the capability of identifying the solution in conditions hardly treatable with conventional methods.A user-friendly implementation of SPRING is released as open-source software,aiming at being a reference tool for the CDI community at XFEL and synchrotron facilities.展开更多
文摘A 79-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea, gradually worsening over a period of several weeks. His past medical history included hypertension, chronic hepatitis C without cirrhosis, ischemic stroke occurred at the age of 68 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） caused by long-term cigarette smoking. The patient was alert and oriented and not in acute distress. The physical examination of the chest revealed decreased breath sounds at the bases of the lungs, without crackles or wheezes. Heart sounds were regular without murmurs. The respiration rate was normal.
文摘Today’s world is characterized by uncertainty and complexity. While examining the importance of research in such a context, the paper attempts to outline a first definition of the role and potential of policy research. The policy process itself has become increasingly complex and non linear, as has its relationship with research. Consequently, policy researchers’ contributions to policymakers may not have a direct, punctual and immediate influence on single issues, but rather a more pervasive, interactive, deliberative effect. Focusing on the theoretical definition of the risk, uncertainty and complexity of the policy process today, the paper outlines some questions and puts forward possible answers which offer a starting point for further analysis. It explores a new role for policy research and underlines the opportunities offered by argumentative, deliberative and multidisciplinary approaches which can positively impact democracy.
基金the Swiss National Science Foundation (via grant no. 200021E_193642, grant no. 200021-232306, and the NCCR MUST)ETH Zurich (via collaborative grant 23-2ETH-050) for financial support+7 种基金MP, OV, and MB further acknowledge the Research Council of Finland for financial support (including projects 326291, 330118, and 341288)TF acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within CRC 1477 “Light-Matter Interactions at Interfaces” (project number 441234705)PHWS acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council through project 2018-00740FRNCM acknowledges the Swedish Research Council (2018-00234 and 2019-06092) and the Carl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig Forskning (CTS 19-227)JAS acknowledges the Swedish Research Council (2023-06350)the Göran Gustafsson Foundation (2044)the Carl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig Forskning (CTS 21-1427)The Maloja instrument received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation through R’Equip Grant No. 206021_182988. We thank the IT Services Group (ISG) of the Department of Physics at ETH Zurich for the excellent support and management of the computing hardware on which the spring software has been developed and tested.
文摘Coherent Diffraction Imaging(CDI)is an experimental technique to image isolated structures by recording the scattered light.The sample density can be recovered from the scattered field through a Fourier Transform operation.However,the phase of the field is lost during the measurement and has to be algorithmically retrieved.Here we present SPRING,an analysis framework tailored to X-ray Free Electron Laser(XFEL)single-shot single-particle diffraction data that implements the Memetic Phase Retrieval method to mitigate the shortcomings of conventional algorithms.We benchmark the approach on data acquired in two experimental campaigns at SwissFEL and European XFEL.Results reveal unprecedented stability and resilience of the algorithm’s behavior on the input parameters,and the capability of identifying the solution in conditions hardly treatable with conventional methods.A user-friendly implementation of SPRING is released as open-source software,aiming at being a reference tool for the CDI community at XFEL and synchrotron facilities.
