Perovskite(PRV)luminescent solar concentrators(LSCs)use PRV materials to concentrate and convert sunlight into electricity.LSCs are made up of a flat plate or sheet of glass or plastic that contains a layer of lumines...Perovskite(PRV)luminescent solar concentrators(LSCs)use PRV materials to concentrate and convert sunlight into electricity.LSCs are made up of a flat plate or sheet of glass or plastic that contains a layer of luminescent PRV material.When sunlight enters the LSC,the PRV material absorbs the light and emits it at a longer wavelength.This emitted light is then trapped inside the LSC by total internal reflection,and it travels to the edges of the plate where it is collected by photovoltaic(PV)solar cells(SCs).The use of PRV materials in LSCs offers several advantages over other materials.PRV materials are highly efficient at converting light into electricity.They are also flexible,low-cost,and easy to manufacture,making them a promising candidate for large-scale solar energy applications.However,PRV materials have some challenges preventing their adoption.They are sensitive to moisture or heat and can degrade quickly over time.This significantly limits their lifespan and stability.Research on PRV is mostly focused on making them more stable and durable,but finding ways to improve the manufacturing process to reduce costs and increase efficiency is also relevant.While the opportunities offered by PRV materials for the specific application to LCSs are certainly interesting,the challenges make the prospect of a commercial product very unlikely in the short term.展开更多
NEOM is a“New Future”city powered by renewable energy only,where solar photovoltaic,wind,solar ther-mal,and battery energy storage will supply all the energy needed to match the demand integrated by artificial intel...NEOM is a“New Future”city powered by renewable energy only,where solar photovoltaic,wind,solar ther-mal,and battery energy storage will supply all the energy needed to match the demand integrated by artificial intelligence techniques.Within this context,the weight of solar thermal is supposed to increase.Concentrated solar power is the only renewable energy with the added value of dispatchability.Opposite to solar photovoltaic and wind,which suffer from intermittency and unpredictability,thus necessitating economically and environ-mentally expensive external energy storage by batteries,concentrated solar power may be fitted with internal energy storage by molten salt providing a much cheaper and environmentally friendly alternative.Oversizing the solar field and the thermal energy storage,the otherwise traditional design with steam Rankine cycles of temperature and pressure to turbine about 565℃ and 100 bar permits highly dispatchable electricity with Lev-elized Cost of Electricity(LCOE)slightly above 7.5¢/kWh in NEOM City,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.By using higher temperature and pressure to the turbine of 730℃ and 330 bar,the LCOE can be further reduced to below 6.5¢/kWh.While wind and solar photovoltaic are much cheaper,at less than 3–4¢/kWh,their intermittency and unpredictability necessitate energy storage by Lithium-Ion batteries of additional cost 14–28¢/kWh.Likely,the integration of renewable energy technologies through Artificial Intelligence(AI)will be the New Future in NEOM City,with solar photovoltaic,wind,battery energy storage,and solar thermal,the building blocks,and solar thermal increasing the share of energy supply.展开更多
The absolute and relative rates of rise of the sea level are computed for the New York City area by coupling global positioning system records of the position of fixed domes nearby tide gauges,with the tide gauges’re...The absolute and relative rates of rise of the sea level are computed for the New York City area by coupling global positioning system records of the position of fixed domes nearby tide gauges,with the tide gauges’records.Two tide gauges are considered,one long-term trend,more reliable,The Battery,in lower Manhattan,and one shorter,less reliable,Sandy Hook,in New Jersey.The relative rates of rise of the sea level are+2.851 and+4.076 mm/yr.The subsidence rates are-2.151 and-3.076 mm/yr.The absolute rates of rise of the sea level are+0.7 and+1.0 mm/yr.The relative sea-level acceleration,reliable only in The Battery,is about+0.008 mm/yr².This acceleration is about the same as the world average long-term trend tide gauge,as well as the average long-term trend tide gauge of the East Coast of North America.The absolute rate of rise of the sea level by 2050 in the lower Manhattan area will be likely less than 30 mm,and the absolute rate of rise of the sea level by 2100 likely less than 80 mm.The relative rate of rise of the sea level by 2050 in the Manhattan area will be likely 85 mm,and the relative rate of rise of the sea level by 2100 likely 228 mm,because of the overwhelming subsidence contribution.展开更多
This paper provides a realistic estimation of the sea level rise by 2050 and by 2100 in the Mexican Caribbean,and more specifically in the North-East side of the Yucatan peninsula,in between Cancun and Playa del Carme...This paper provides a realistic estimation of the sea level rise by 2050 and by 2100 in the Mexican Caribbean,and more specifically in the North-East side of the Yucatan peninsula,in between Cancun and Playa del Carmen,where the most part of the touristic developments of the Yucatan is located.The forecast is based on the relative sea level result for Key West,the closest long-term trend(LTT)tide gauge,the relative sea level results for all the other LTT tide gauge records of the world,and the absolute velocity of GPS domes located close to the Key West tide gauge,and in between Cancun and Playa del Carmen.The likely change of the sea level is 67-76 mm higher by 2050,and 201-223 mm higher by 2100,with reference to the values of 2018.展开更多
Solid-state atomic-sized color centers in wide-band-gap semiconductors,such as diamond,silicon carbide,and hexagonal boron nitride,are important platforms for quantum technologies,specifically for single-photon source...Solid-state atomic-sized color centers in wide-band-gap semiconductors,such as diamond,silicon carbide,and hexagonal boron nitride,are important platforms for quantum technologies,specifically for single-photon sources and quantum sensing.One of the emerging applications of these quantum emitters is subdiffraction imaging.This capability is provided by the specific photophysical properties of color centers,such as high dipole moments,photostability,and a variety of spectral ranges of the emitters with associated optical and microwave control of their quantum states.We review applications of color centers in traditional super-resolution microscopy and quantum imaging methods,and compare relative performance.The current state and perspectives of their applications in biomedical,chemistry,and material science imaging are outlined.展开更多
文摘Perovskite(PRV)luminescent solar concentrators(LSCs)use PRV materials to concentrate and convert sunlight into electricity.LSCs are made up of a flat plate or sheet of glass or plastic that contains a layer of luminescent PRV material.When sunlight enters the LSC,the PRV material absorbs the light and emits it at a longer wavelength.This emitted light is then trapped inside the LSC by total internal reflection,and it travels to the edges of the plate where it is collected by photovoltaic(PV)solar cells(SCs).The use of PRV materials in LSCs offers several advantages over other materials.PRV materials are highly efficient at converting light into electricity.They are also flexible,low-cost,and easy to manufacture,making them a promising candidate for large-scale solar energy applications.However,PRV materials have some challenges preventing their adoption.They are sensitive to moisture or heat and can degrade quickly over time.This significantly limits their lifespan and stability.Research on PRV is mostly focused on making them more stable and durable,but finding ways to improve the manufacturing process to reduce costs and increase efficiency is also relevant.While the opportunities offered by PRV materials for the specific application to LCSs are certainly interesting,the challenges make the prospect of a commercial product very unlikely in the short term.
文摘NEOM is a“New Future”city powered by renewable energy only,where solar photovoltaic,wind,solar ther-mal,and battery energy storage will supply all the energy needed to match the demand integrated by artificial intelligence techniques.Within this context,the weight of solar thermal is supposed to increase.Concentrated solar power is the only renewable energy with the added value of dispatchability.Opposite to solar photovoltaic and wind,which suffer from intermittency and unpredictability,thus necessitating economically and environ-mentally expensive external energy storage by batteries,concentrated solar power may be fitted with internal energy storage by molten salt providing a much cheaper and environmentally friendly alternative.Oversizing the solar field and the thermal energy storage,the otherwise traditional design with steam Rankine cycles of temperature and pressure to turbine about 565℃ and 100 bar permits highly dispatchable electricity with Lev-elized Cost of Electricity(LCOE)slightly above 7.5¢/kWh in NEOM City,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.By using higher temperature and pressure to the turbine of 730℃ and 330 bar,the LCOE can be further reduced to below 6.5¢/kWh.While wind and solar photovoltaic are much cheaper,at less than 3–4¢/kWh,their intermittency and unpredictability necessitate energy storage by Lithium-Ion batteries of additional cost 14–28¢/kWh.Likely,the integration of renewable energy technologies through Artificial Intelligence(AI)will be the New Future in NEOM City,with solar photovoltaic,wind,battery energy storage,and solar thermal,the building blocks,and solar thermal increasing the share of energy supply.
文摘The absolute and relative rates of rise of the sea level are computed for the New York City area by coupling global positioning system records of the position of fixed domes nearby tide gauges,with the tide gauges’records.Two tide gauges are considered,one long-term trend,more reliable,The Battery,in lower Manhattan,and one shorter,less reliable,Sandy Hook,in New Jersey.The relative rates of rise of the sea level are+2.851 and+4.076 mm/yr.The subsidence rates are-2.151 and-3.076 mm/yr.The absolute rates of rise of the sea level are+0.7 and+1.0 mm/yr.The relative sea-level acceleration,reliable only in The Battery,is about+0.008 mm/yr².This acceleration is about the same as the world average long-term trend tide gauge,as well as the average long-term trend tide gauge of the East Coast of North America.The absolute rate of rise of the sea level by 2050 in the lower Manhattan area will be likely less than 30 mm,and the absolute rate of rise of the sea level by 2100 likely less than 80 mm.The relative rate of rise of the sea level by 2050 in the Manhattan area will be likely 85 mm,and the relative rate of rise of the sea level by 2100 likely 228 mm,because of the overwhelming subsidence contribution.
文摘This paper provides a realistic estimation of the sea level rise by 2050 and by 2100 in the Mexican Caribbean,and more specifically in the North-East side of the Yucatan peninsula,in between Cancun and Playa del Carmen,where the most part of the touristic developments of the Yucatan is located.The forecast is based on the relative sea level result for Key West,the closest long-term trend(LTT)tide gauge,the relative sea level results for all the other LTT tide gauge records of the world,and the absolute velocity of GPS domes located close to the Key West tide gauge,and in between Cancun and Playa del Carmen.The likely change of the sea level is 67-76 mm higher by 2050,and 201-223 mm higher by 2100,with reference to the values of 2018.
文摘Solid-state atomic-sized color centers in wide-band-gap semiconductors,such as diamond,silicon carbide,and hexagonal boron nitride,are important platforms for quantum technologies,specifically for single-photon sources and quantum sensing.One of the emerging applications of these quantum emitters is subdiffraction imaging.This capability is provided by the specific photophysical properties of color centers,such as high dipole moments,photostability,and a variety of spectral ranges of the emitters with associated optical and microwave control of their quantum states.We review applications of color centers in traditional super-resolution microscopy and quantum imaging methods,and compare relative performance.The current state and perspectives of their applications in biomedical,chemistry,and material science imaging are outlined.
