Bitter(T2R)and sweet(T1R)taste receptors have been implicated in sinonasal innate immunity and in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS).Taste receptors are expressed on several sinonasal cell types includ...Bitter(T2R)and sweet(T1R)taste receptors have been implicated in sinonasal innate immunity and in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS).Taste receptors are expressed on several sinonasal cell types including ciliated epithelial cells and solitary chemosensory cells.Bitter agonists released by pathogenic microbes elicit a T2R dependent signaling cascade which induces the release of bactericidal nitric oxide,increases mucociliary clearance,and promotes secretion of antimicrobial peptides.Genetic variation conferred by polymorphisms in T2R related genes is associated with differential CRS susceptibility,symptomatology and post-treatment outcomes.More recently,based on our understanding of T1R and T2R function,investigators have discovered novel potential therapeutics in T2R agonists and T1R antagonists.This review will discuss bitter and sweet taste receptor function in sinonasal immunity,explore the emerging diagnostic and therapeutic implications stemming from the most recent findings,and suggest directions for future research.展开更多
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease(AERD)patients with CRSwNP suffer from reduced quality of life,reduced economic productivity,and higher risk of depression and sleep dysfunction.These patients often require freq...Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease(AERD)patients with CRSwNP suffer from reduced quality of life,reduced economic productivity,and higher risk of depression and sleep dysfunction.These patients often require frequent medical and surgical therapy,including functional endoscopic sinus surgery for recalcitrant disease.Given this severity,anti-type 2 biologic treatments are being investigated for use in this subgroup of patients with CRSwNP,including Omalizumab and Dupilumab.Preliminary data suggests that SNOT-22 related quality of life improvements following treatment with biologies are comparable to the current standard of care in the short term,but there is a lack of long-term data and standardized regimen that makes direct comparison difficult.Biologic therapies additionally require continuous use to avoid recurrence,and currently cost many times more than existing medical or surgical therapies.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders of the National Institutes of Health under award number R01DC013588-04S2(to IWM).
文摘Bitter(T2R)and sweet(T1R)taste receptors have been implicated in sinonasal innate immunity and in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS).Taste receptors are expressed on several sinonasal cell types including ciliated epithelial cells and solitary chemosensory cells.Bitter agonists released by pathogenic microbes elicit a T2R dependent signaling cascade which induces the release of bactericidal nitric oxide,increases mucociliary clearance,and promotes secretion of antimicrobial peptides.Genetic variation conferred by polymorphisms in T2R related genes is associated with differential CRS susceptibility,symptomatology and post-treatment outcomes.More recently,based on our understanding of T1R and T2R function,investigators have discovered novel potential therapeutics in T2R agonists and T1R antagonists.This review will discuss bitter and sweet taste receptor function in sinonasal immunity,explore the emerging diagnostic and therapeutic implications stemming from the most recent findings,and suggest directions for future research.
文摘Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease(AERD)patients with CRSwNP suffer from reduced quality of life,reduced economic productivity,and higher risk of depression and sleep dysfunction.These patients often require frequent medical and surgical therapy,including functional endoscopic sinus surgery for recalcitrant disease.Given this severity,anti-type 2 biologic treatments are being investigated for use in this subgroup of patients with CRSwNP,including Omalizumab and Dupilumab.Preliminary data suggests that SNOT-22 related quality of life improvements following treatment with biologies are comparable to the current standard of care in the short term,but there is a lack of long-term data and standardized regimen that makes direct comparison difficult.Biologic therapies additionally require continuous use to avoid recurrence,and currently cost many times more than existing medical or surgical therapies.
