The present study evaluated commercial starch behavior and tapioca starch nanoparticles(TsNP)with 100 ppm ultralow salinity formation water as a potential alternative for enhanced oil recovery(EOR).Generally,starch ex...The present study evaluated commercial starch behavior and tapioca starch nanoparticles(TsNP)with 100 ppm ultralow salinity formation water as a potential alternative for enhanced oil recovery(EOR).Generally,starch exhibits excellent properties as a conventional viscosifier substitute in the petroleum industry.This study proposed a conventional polymer substitute,which is typically hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)or oxide nanoparticles,for chemical flooding EOR employment.The TSNP was successfully synthesized via nanoprecipitation with ethanol as the precipitant medium.Two TsNp of different sizes,1%and 3%,are successfully synthesized,which demonstrated chemical and physical attributes almost identical to raw tapioca starch(TS),corroborating their composition similarities.The 1%TSNP was significantly smaller compared to the 3%TsNP,but both samples possessed distinct angular,polygonal,andtruncated shapes with sharp edges.Although the structure of the TSNP synthesized was a C-type crystal,their crystallinity was slightly lower.Fourier-transform infrared(FTR)and energy dispersive X-ray(EDx)analyses confirmed similar chemical compositions of the raw TS and TSNP assessed.The EOR formulations employed in the study were prepared with various TS and TSNP concentrations,ranging from 0 ppm to 2000 ppm.The formulations were assessed at various temperatures between 25℃ and 75C.Rheological results indicated that TS and TSNP formulations coupled with low salinity formation water yielded non-Newtonian shear thickening behavior with respect to starch types,concentrations,temperatures,and shear rates.The 1%TsNp formulation exhibited favorable solution viscosifying criteria than the 3%TSNP sample within evaluated parameters.Surface tension,IFT,and wettability alteration measurements revealed indirect and inconclusive trend regarding TSNp concentrations and temperatures.Nonetheless,adding 1%and 3%TSNP considerably influenced IFT reduction and wettability alteration in several favorable combinations,indicating feasibility for EOR applications.展开更多
基金express gratitude to Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru(Grant number:R.J130000.7651.4C318)the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE)for funding this study.
文摘The present study evaluated commercial starch behavior and tapioca starch nanoparticles(TsNP)with 100 ppm ultralow salinity formation water as a potential alternative for enhanced oil recovery(EOR).Generally,starch exhibits excellent properties as a conventional viscosifier substitute in the petroleum industry.This study proposed a conventional polymer substitute,which is typically hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)or oxide nanoparticles,for chemical flooding EOR employment.The TSNP was successfully synthesized via nanoprecipitation with ethanol as the precipitant medium.Two TsNp of different sizes,1%and 3%,are successfully synthesized,which demonstrated chemical and physical attributes almost identical to raw tapioca starch(TS),corroborating their composition similarities.The 1%TSNP was significantly smaller compared to the 3%TsNP,but both samples possessed distinct angular,polygonal,andtruncated shapes with sharp edges.Although the structure of the TSNP synthesized was a C-type crystal,their crystallinity was slightly lower.Fourier-transform infrared(FTR)and energy dispersive X-ray(EDx)analyses confirmed similar chemical compositions of the raw TS and TSNP assessed.The EOR formulations employed in the study were prepared with various TS and TSNP concentrations,ranging from 0 ppm to 2000 ppm.The formulations were assessed at various temperatures between 25℃ and 75C.Rheological results indicated that TS and TSNP formulations coupled with low salinity formation water yielded non-Newtonian shear thickening behavior with respect to starch types,concentrations,temperatures,and shear rates.The 1%TsNp formulation exhibited favorable solution viscosifying criteria than the 3%TSNP sample within evaluated parameters.Surface tension,IFT,and wettability alteration measurements revealed indirect and inconclusive trend regarding TSNp concentrations and temperatures.Nonetheless,adding 1%and 3%TSNP considerably influenced IFT reduction and wettability alteration in several favorable combinations,indicating feasibility for EOR applications.
