BACKGROUND Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)is a well-established biomarker for diagnosing and managing diabetes.However,its prognostic significance in patients without diagnosed diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary int...BACKGROUND Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)is a well-established biomarker for diagnosing and managing diabetes.However,its prognostic significance in patients without diagnosed diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)remains uncertain.This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the association between elevated HbA1c levels in the prediabetic range(≥5.7%)and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in this population.AIM To investigate the association between elevated HbA1c levels in the prediabetic range and adverse outcomes in patients without diagnosed diabetes undergoing PCI.METHODS We systematically searched PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Central through April 2025 for studies comparing clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease(CAD)patients without a prior diabetes diagnosis,stratified by HbA1c levels(≥5.7% vs<5.7%).Risk ratios(RR)with 95%confidence intervals(CI)were pooled using a random-effects model.Statistical analysis was performed using R software(version 4.3.2).Primary outcomes were long-term allcause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE);secondary outcomes included short-term mortality and cardiac death.RESULTS Ten studies involving 32403 patients(mean age:60 years;29% female)were included.Elevated HbA1c levels in patients without diagnosed diabetes were significantly associated with increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality(RR:1.30;95% CI:1.10-1.54;P<0.01;I2=41%)and MACEs(RR:1.31;95% CI:1.01-1.69;P=0.04;I2=61%).Although the risks of short-term all-cause mortality(RR:1.16;95% CI:0.88-1.53;P=0.29;I2=1%)and cardiac mortality(RR:1.76;95% CI:0.85-3.67;P=0.13;I2=94%)were elevated,they did not reach statistical significance.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings despite moderate to high heterogeneity in some outcomes.CONCLUSION Among CAD patients without diagnosed diabetes,elevated HbA1c levels in the prediabetic range(≥5.7%)are independently associated with worse long-term outcomes following PCI.HbA1c may serve as a valuable biomarker for post-PCI risk stratification in this metabolically at-risk group.展开更多
Many phytochemicals and their derived metabolites produced by plants are extensively employed in commercial goods,pharmaceutical products as well as in the environmental and medicalfields.However,these secondary metabo...Many phytochemicals and their derived metabolites produced by plants are extensively employed in commercial goods,pharmaceutical products as well as in the environmental and medicalfields.However,these secondary metabolites obtained from plants are in low amounts,and it is difficult to synthesize them at the industrial level.Despite these challenges,they may be utilized for a variety of medicinal products that are either available in the market or are being researched and tested.Secondary metabolites are complex compounds that exhibit chirality.Further,under controlled conditions with elicitors,desired secondary metabolites may be produced from plant cell cultures.This review emphasizes the various aspects of secondary metabolites including their types,synthesis,and applications as medicinal products.The article aims to promote the use of plant secondary metabolites in the management and treatment of various diseases.展开更多
The design and development of a timer based revolution per minute(RPM)measurement system were described in this paper.The rotating shaft of a dc motor was used to measure the RPM and timer integrated circuit(IC)555 wa...The design and development of a timer based revolution per minute(RPM)measurement system were described in this paper.The rotating shaft of a dc motor was used to measure the RPM and timer integrated circuit(IC)555 was used in astable mode.The frequency of timer output waveform measured by a digital storage oscilloscope(DSO)is almost linearly proportional to the RPM of rotating shaft,and the RPM also linearly varies with the change of the external input voltage level.Hence the linear relationship between the frequency of timer output waveform and the RPM can be obtained.The main advantages of this developed system are linear input-output relationship,small size,easy to carry and cost effective.展开更多
We report an unexpected, previously unreported complication of Bravo p H capsule dislodgement. During Bravo p H testing of a 44-year-old man with gastroesophageal reflux disease, we were unable to endoscopically visua...We report an unexpected, previously unreported complication of Bravo p H capsule dislodgement. During Bravo p H testing of a 44-year-old man with gastroesophageal reflux disease, we were unable to endoscopically visualize the capsule attached to the esophageal wall after deployment. After multiple attempts to detect the capsule, it was visualized in the left pyriform sinus. As there was significant risk for pulmonary dislodgement, ENT and pulmonary physicians were immediately consulted to review options for safe removal. Ultimately, ENT successfully retrieved the capsule with a foreign body removal forceps. The Bravo p H test is generally a well-tolerated diagnostic tool used to confirm the presence of abnormal esophageal acid reflux. While few complications have been reported, technical difficulties can occur, including poor data reception, misplacement, and early dislodgement. Rarely, more serious complications can occur, ranging from esophageal wall trauma to capsule aspiration. Gastroenterologists performing this procedure should be aware of the low, but nontrivial, risk of complications.展开更多
This paper describes the development of a timer based voltage to frequency converter(V FC).Timer LM555is used in astable multivibrator mode with two OPTO-LDRs(light dependent resistors)in the circuitry.The frequency o...This paper describes the development of a timer based voltage to frequency converter(V FC).Timer LM555is used in astable multivibrator mode with two OPTO-LDRs(light dependent resistors)in the circuitry.The frequency of timer output waveform which is measured using a digital storage oscillator(DSO)is almost linearly proportional to the applied input voltage.Hence we obtain a linear relationship between the frequency of timer output waveform and the input voltage.Because of its quasi-digital output,the main advantages of this developed converter are linear input-output relationship,small size,easy portabilityand high cost performance.In addition,the timer output waveform can be directly interfaced with personal computer or microprocessor/microcontroller for further processing of the input voltage signal without intervening any analog-to-digital converter(ADC).展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence of intestinal malrotation in adults has been reported to only be about 0.2%.Duodenal web as a cause of intestinal obstruction is rare,with an incidence of about 1:20000-1:40000.Furthermore,whe...BACKGROUND The incidence of intestinal malrotation in adults has been reported to only be about 0.2%.Duodenal web as a cause of intestinal obstruction is rare,with an incidence of about 1:20000-1:40000.Furthermore,when described,these conditions are usually seen in early life and very infrequently in adulthood.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a middle-aged woman with intestinal malrotation who presented with a three-month history of right-sided abdominal pain,early satiety,and a 22-pound weight loss.Patient underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy,which demonstrated numerous retained pills in a deformed first portion of the duodenum,concerning for a partial gastric outlet obstruction.An upper gastrointestinal series showed marked distention of the proximal duodenum with retained debris and the presence of a windsock sign,increasing the suspicion of a duodenal web.The patient subsequently underwent surgical intervention where a duodenal web with two lumens was noted and resected,opening the duodenum.There were over 150 pill capsules that were removed.The patient is doing well after this intervention.CONCLUSION Both intestinal malrotation and duodenal webs are infrequently encountered in the adult population.These pathologies can also present with nonspecific abdominal symptoms such as chronic abdominal pain and nausea.Hence,providers might not consider these pathologies in the differential for patients who present with vague symptoms which can lead to delay in management and increased mortality and morbidity.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most prevalent cancer.Ongoing research aims to uncover the causes of CRC,with a growing focus on the role of gut microbiota(GM)in carcinogenesis.The GM influences CRC development,pro...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most prevalent cancer.Ongoing research aims to uncover the causes of CRC,with a growing focus on the role of gut microbiota(GM)in carcinogenesis.The GM influences CRC development,progression,treatment efficacy,and therapeutic toxicities.For example,Fusobacterium nucleatum and Escherichia coli can regulate microbial gene expression through the incorporation of human small noncode RNA and potentially contribute to cancer progression.Metallic nanoparticles(MNPs)have both negative and positive impacts on GM,depending on their type.Several studies state that titanium dioxide may increase the diversity,richness,and abundance of probiotics bacteria,whereas other studies demonstrate dose‐dependent GM dysbiosis.The MNPs offer cytotoxicity through the modulation of MAPK signaling pathways,NF‐kB signaling pathways,PI3K/Akt signaling pathways,extrinsic signaling pathways,intrinsic apoptosis,and cell cycle arrest at G1,G2,or M phase.MNPs enhance drug delivery,enable targeted therapy,and may restore GM.However,there is a need to conduct well‐designed clinical trials to assess the toxicity,safety,and effectiveness of MNPs‐based CRC therapies.展开更多
Due to the superiority of machine learning(ML)data processing,it is widely used in research of solid waste(SW).This study analyzed the research and developmental progress of the applications of ML in the life cycle of...Due to the superiority of machine learning(ML)data processing,it is widely used in research of solid waste(SW).This study analyzed the research and developmental progress of the applications of ML in the life cycle of SW.Statistical analyses were undertaken on the literature published between 1985 and 2021 in the Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index to provide an overview of the progress.Based on the articles considered,a rapid upward trend from 1985 to 2021 was found and international cooperatives were found to have strengthened.The three topics of ML,namely,SW categories,ML algorithms,and specific applications,as applied to the life cycle of SW were discussed.ML has been applied during the entire SW process,thereby affecting its life cycle.ML was used to predict the generation and characteristics of SW,optimize its collection and transportation,and model the processing of its energy utilization.Finally,the current challenges of applying ML to SW and future perspectives were discussed.The goal is to achieve high economic and environmental benefits and carbon reduction during the life cycle of SW.ML plays an important role in the modernization and intellectualization of SW management.It is hoped that this work would be helpful to provide a constructive overview towards the state-of-the-art development of SW disposal.展开更多
Real-time multi-media applications are increasingly mapped on modern embedded systems based on multiprocessor systems-on-chip （MPSoC）. Tasks of the applications need to be mapped on the MPSoC resources efficiently i...Real-time multi-media applications are increasingly mapped on modern embedded systems based on multiprocessor systems-on-chip （MPSoC）. Tasks of the applications need to be mapped on the MPSoC resources efficiently in order to satisity their performance constraints. Exploring all the possible mappings, i.e., tasks to resources combinations exhaustively may take days or weeks. Additionally, the exploration is performed at design-time, which cannot handle dynamism in applications and resources＇ status. A runtime mapping technique can cater for the dynamism but cannot guarantee for strict timing deadlines due to large computations involved at run-time. Thus, an approach performing feasible compute intensive exploration at design-time and using the explored results at run-time is required. This paper presents a solution in the same direction. Communicationaware design space exploration （CADSE） techniques have been proposed to explore different mapping options to be selected at run-time subject to desired performance and available MPSoC resources. Experiments show that the proposed techniques for exploration are faster over an exhaustive exploration and provides almost the same quality of results.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)is a well-established biomarker for diagnosing and managing diabetes.However,its prognostic significance in patients without diagnosed diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)remains uncertain.This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the association between elevated HbA1c levels in the prediabetic range(≥5.7%)and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in this population.AIM To investigate the association between elevated HbA1c levels in the prediabetic range and adverse outcomes in patients without diagnosed diabetes undergoing PCI.METHODS We systematically searched PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Central through April 2025 for studies comparing clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease(CAD)patients without a prior diabetes diagnosis,stratified by HbA1c levels(≥5.7% vs<5.7%).Risk ratios(RR)with 95%confidence intervals(CI)were pooled using a random-effects model.Statistical analysis was performed using R software(version 4.3.2).Primary outcomes were long-term allcause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE);secondary outcomes included short-term mortality and cardiac death.RESULTS Ten studies involving 32403 patients(mean age:60 years;29% female)were included.Elevated HbA1c levels in patients without diagnosed diabetes were significantly associated with increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality(RR:1.30;95% CI:1.10-1.54;P<0.01;I2=41%)and MACEs(RR:1.31;95% CI:1.01-1.69;P=0.04;I2=61%).Although the risks of short-term all-cause mortality(RR:1.16;95% CI:0.88-1.53;P=0.29;I2=1%)and cardiac mortality(RR:1.76;95% CI:0.85-3.67;P=0.13;I2=94%)were elevated,they did not reach statistical significance.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings despite moderate to high heterogeneity in some outcomes.CONCLUSION Among CAD patients without diagnosed diabetes,elevated HbA1c levels in the prediabetic range(≥5.7%)are independently associated with worse long-term outcomes following PCI.HbA1c may serve as a valuable biomarker for post-PCI risk stratification in this metabolically at-risk group.
文摘Many phytochemicals and their derived metabolites produced by plants are extensively employed in commercial goods,pharmaceutical products as well as in the environmental and medicalfields.However,these secondary metabolites obtained from plants are in low amounts,and it is difficult to synthesize them at the industrial level.Despite these challenges,they may be utilized for a variety of medicinal products that are either available in the market or are being researched and tested.Secondary metabolites are complex compounds that exhibit chirality.Further,under controlled conditions with elicitors,desired secondary metabolites may be produced from plant cell cultures.This review emphasizes the various aspects of secondary metabolites including their types,synthesis,and applications as medicinal products.The article aims to promote the use of plant secondary metabolites in the management and treatment of various diseases.
文摘The design and development of a timer based revolution per minute(RPM)measurement system were described in this paper.The rotating shaft of a dc motor was used to measure the RPM and timer integrated circuit(IC)555 was used in astable mode.The frequency of timer output waveform measured by a digital storage oscilloscope(DSO)is almost linearly proportional to the RPM of rotating shaft,and the RPM also linearly varies with the change of the external input voltage level.Hence the linear relationship between the frequency of timer output waveform and the RPM can be obtained.The main advantages of this developed system are linear input-output relationship,small size,easy to carry and cost effective.
文摘We report an unexpected, previously unreported complication of Bravo p H capsule dislodgement. During Bravo p H testing of a 44-year-old man with gastroesophageal reflux disease, we were unable to endoscopically visualize the capsule attached to the esophageal wall after deployment. After multiple attempts to detect the capsule, it was visualized in the left pyriform sinus. As there was significant risk for pulmonary dislodgement, ENT and pulmonary physicians were immediately consulted to review options for safe removal. Ultimately, ENT successfully retrieved the capsule with a foreign body removal forceps. The Bravo p H test is generally a well-tolerated diagnostic tool used to confirm the presence of abnormal esophageal acid reflux. While few complications have been reported, technical difficulties can occur, including poor data reception, misplacement, and early dislodgement. Rarely, more serious complications can occur, ranging from esophageal wall trauma to capsule aspiration. Gastroenterologists performing this procedure should be aware of the low, but nontrivial, risk of complications.
文摘This paper describes the development of a timer based voltage to frequency converter(V FC).Timer LM555is used in astable multivibrator mode with two OPTO-LDRs(light dependent resistors)in the circuitry.The frequency of timer output waveform which is measured using a digital storage oscillator(DSO)is almost linearly proportional to the applied input voltage.Hence we obtain a linear relationship between the frequency of timer output waveform and the input voltage.Because of its quasi-digital output,the main advantages of this developed converter are linear input-output relationship,small size,easy portabilityand high cost performance.In addition,the timer output waveform can be directly interfaced with personal computer or microprocessor/microcontroller for further processing of the input voltage signal without intervening any analog-to-digital converter(ADC).
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of intestinal malrotation in adults has been reported to only be about 0.2%.Duodenal web as a cause of intestinal obstruction is rare,with an incidence of about 1:20000-1:40000.Furthermore,when described,these conditions are usually seen in early life and very infrequently in adulthood.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a middle-aged woman with intestinal malrotation who presented with a three-month history of right-sided abdominal pain,early satiety,and a 22-pound weight loss.Patient underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy,which demonstrated numerous retained pills in a deformed first portion of the duodenum,concerning for a partial gastric outlet obstruction.An upper gastrointestinal series showed marked distention of the proximal duodenum with retained debris and the presence of a windsock sign,increasing the suspicion of a duodenal web.The patient subsequently underwent surgical intervention where a duodenal web with two lumens was noted and resected,opening the duodenum.There were over 150 pill capsules that were removed.The patient is doing well after this intervention.CONCLUSION Both intestinal malrotation and duodenal webs are infrequently encountered in the adult population.These pathologies can also present with nonspecific abdominal symptoms such as chronic abdominal pain and nausea.Hence,providers might not consider these pathologies in the differential for patients who present with vague symptoms which can lead to delay in management and increased mortality and morbidity.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most prevalent cancer.Ongoing research aims to uncover the causes of CRC,with a growing focus on the role of gut microbiota(GM)in carcinogenesis.The GM influences CRC development,progression,treatment efficacy,and therapeutic toxicities.For example,Fusobacterium nucleatum and Escherichia coli can regulate microbial gene expression through the incorporation of human small noncode RNA and potentially contribute to cancer progression.Metallic nanoparticles(MNPs)have both negative and positive impacts on GM,depending on their type.Several studies state that titanium dioxide may increase the diversity,richness,and abundance of probiotics bacteria,whereas other studies demonstrate dose‐dependent GM dysbiosis.The MNPs offer cytotoxicity through the modulation of MAPK signaling pathways,NF‐kB signaling pathways,PI3K/Akt signaling pathways,extrinsic signaling pathways,intrinsic apoptosis,and cell cycle arrest at G1,G2,or M phase.MNPs enhance drug delivery,enable targeted therapy,and may restore GM.However,there is a need to conduct well‐designed clinical trials to assess the toxicity,safety,and effectiveness of MNPs‐based CRC therapies.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52100157).
文摘Due to the superiority of machine learning(ML)data processing,it is widely used in research of solid waste(SW).This study analyzed the research and developmental progress of the applications of ML in the life cycle of SW.Statistical analyses were undertaken on the literature published between 1985 and 2021 in the Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index to provide an overview of the progress.Based on the articles considered,a rapid upward trend from 1985 to 2021 was found and international cooperatives were found to have strengthened.The three topics of ML,namely,SW categories,ML algorithms,and specific applications,as applied to the life cycle of SW were discussed.ML has been applied during the entire SW process,thereby affecting its life cycle.ML was used to predict the generation and characteristics of SW,optimize its collection and transportation,and model the processing of its energy utilization.Finally,the current challenges of applying ML to SW and future perspectives were discussed.The goal is to achieve high economic and environmental benefits and carbon reduction during the life cycle of SW.ML plays an important role in the modernization and intellectualization of SW management.It is hoped that this work would be helpful to provide a constructive overview towards the state-of-the-art development of SW disposal.
基金The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their feedback and suggestions. We also wish to mention that this work is partly supported by Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 （R-263-000-655-133） and National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） （Grant No. 61173032）.
文摘Real-time multi-media applications are increasingly mapped on modern embedded systems based on multiprocessor systems-on-chip （MPSoC）. Tasks of the applications need to be mapped on the MPSoC resources efficiently in order to satisity their performance constraints. Exploring all the possible mappings, i.e., tasks to resources combinations exhaustively may take days or weeks. Additionally, the exploration is performed at design-time, which cannot handle dynamism in applications and resources＇ status. A runtime mapping technique can cater for the dynamism but cannot guarantee for strict timing deadlines due to large computations involved at run-time. Thus, an approach performing feasible compute intensive exploration at design-time and using the explored results at run-time is required. This paper presents a solution in the same direction. Communicationaware design space exploration （CADSE） techniques have been proposed to explore different mapping options to be selected at run-time subject to desired performance and available MPSoC resources. Experiments show that the proposed techniques for exploration are faster over an exhaustive exploration and provides almost the same quality of results.
