The present paper, a theoretical analysis of steady fully developed flow and heat transfer of two immiscible magneto hydrodynamic and viscous fluid, partially filled with porous matrix and partially with clear fluid b...The present paper, a theoretical analysis of steady fully developed flow and heat transfer of two immiscible magneto hydrodynamic and viscous fluid, partially filled with porous matrix and partially with clear fluid bounded by two vertical plates, has been discussed, when both the plates are moving in opposite directions. The plates are maintained at unequal temperatures. The Brink-man-extended Darcy model has described the momentum transfer in a porous medium. The effect of various parameters and Darcy number are discussed in the flow field and the temperature profiles numerically and are expressed by graphs. The non-dimensional governing momentum and energy equations are analytically solved by applying the homotopy perturbation technique and the method of ordinary differential equation. It is observed that magnetic parameter (M) has a retarding effect on the main flow velocity and is to enhance the temperature distribution, whereas the reversal phenomenon occurs for the Darcy dissipation parameter (Da). The skin-friction component has also been determined and is presented with the help of a table. The magnetic parameter (M) reduces the skin friction coefficient for clear fluid region and is to increase the skin friction coefficient for porous region. It is also evident from table that getting bigger the width of the clear fluid layer increases the skin friction. The skin friction coefficient on both the plates (comparing at y = 0 and at y = 1 for A or B) increases when those are heated.展开更多
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)diagnosis and treatment are limited due to the insufficient availability of contrast agents that can detect tumors with high sensitivity and specificity.Nanocontrast agents can be...Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)diagnosis and treatment are limited due to the insufficient availability of contrast agents that can detect tumors with high sensitivity and specificity.Nanocontrast agents can be actively targeted toward the highly acidic tumor microenvironment to facilitate the detection of tumor cells during intraoperative imaging using an advanced imaging modality:multispectral optoacoustic tomography(MSOT).We developed IR780 dye encapsulated liposomes(Lipo-780)as a nanocontrast agent and actively targeted them using the pH low insertion peptide(pHLIP)V7(V7-lipo-780)toward the extremely acidic pH tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer.Tumor-specific uptake of liposomes were evaluated in vitro in aggressive metastatic pancreatic cancer cells(S2VP10,S2013)and in vivo in orthotopic human pancreatic cancer xenograft murine model.Lipo-780(110 nm,polydispersity index(PDI)of 0.13)were conjugated with V7 peptide using SMCC NH2-maleimide linker and the conjugation was confirmed with zeta potential measurements.The uptake of V7-lipo-780 increased by 3.5-fold in comparison to Lipo-780 in S2013 cells(p<0.001),and by 2.4-fold(p<0.001)at pH 6.6 in S2VP10 cells.Propidium iodide encapsulated liposomes(Lipo-PI)with a size of 118 nm validated the internalization of liposomes.In S2VP10 cells,V7-lipo-PI demonstrated higher uptake with the mean red fluorescence of 5535 counts in comparison to 334 counts for Lipo-PI at pH 6.6(p<0.001).Biodistribution analysis indicated 40×higher tumor accumulation of V7-lipo-780 in comparison to the liver(p<0.001),and 4×higher tumor accumulation than the kidney(p<0.001)post 6 h of intravenous administration.Histological analysis of kidney,liver,and spleen confirmed the nontoxic nature of liposomes.Tumor-specific liposome accumulation and IR780 contrast agent release prevent off-target toxicity with maximum contrast signal at the tumor site,further expanding the potential of MSOT for clinical applications.展开更多
It is observed that there is not enough literature to support the usefulness of dental tissue in forensic medicine for the estimation of postmortem interval(PMI).Therefore,the authors of this article have systematical...It is observed that there is not enough literature to support the usefulness of dental tissue in forensic medicine for the estimation of postmortem interval(PMI).Therefore,the authors of this article have systematically reviewed the available literature to understand the most used dental tissues,the methods employed to evaluate these tissues,and their reliability in PMI estimation.A MEDLINE-PubMed search engine was used to review the literature using the keywords“teeth,”“dental tissues,”“post‑mortem interval,”and“forensic dentistry”from 2001 until 2020.The most used tissue was dental pulp,but other cellular‑.and molecular‑level dental tissues such as enamel,dentin,cementum,periodontal ligament,odontoblast,and mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and RNA were also used.Based on this observation,the authors have provided the categorical classification to evaluate these dental tissues into morphological,histopathological,and molecular‑level examination to understand the reliability of these dental tissues.The molecular examinations to evaluate these tissues were widely employed and emerging in the estimation of PMI as this method could provide a reliable outcome when compared with others.Since the literature reviewed was not enough to answer our questions,however,to conclude,the dental pulp is the widely used tissue so far.Further,more studies are required to authenticate the role of other dental tissues to predict the PMI at an early stage with cost‑effective and most convenient techniques.展开更多
文摘The present paper, a theoretical analysis of steady fully developed flow and heat transfer of two immiscible magneto hydrodynamic and viscous fluid, partially filled with porous matrix and partially with clear fluid bounded by two vertical plates, has been discussed, when both the plates are moving in opposite directions. The plates are maintained at unequal temperatures. The Brink-man-extended Darcy model has described the momentum transfer in a porous medium. The effect of various parameters and Darcy number are discussed in the flow field and the temperature profiles numerically and are expressed by graphs. The non-dimensional governing momentum and energy equations are analytically solved by applying the homotopy perturbation technique and the method of ordinary differential equation. It is observed that magnetic parameter (M) has a retarding effect on the main flow velocity and is to enhance the temperature distribution, whereas the reversal phenomenon occurs for the Darcy dissipation parameter (Da). The skin-friction component has also been determined and is presented with the help of a table. The magnetic parameter (M) reduces the skin friction coefficient for clear fluid region and is to increase the skin friction coefficient for porous region. It is also evident from table that getting bigger the width of the clear fluid layer increases the skin friction. The skin friction coefficient on both the plates (comparing at y = 0 and at y = 1 for A or B) increases when those are heated.
基金supported by the National Cancer Institute R01CA281098,R01EB034731,and U54CA118948.
文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)diagnosis and treatment are limited due to the insufficient availability of contrast agents that can detect tumors with high sensitivity and specificity.Nanocontrast agents can be actively targeted toward the highly acidic tumor microenvironment to facilitate the detection of tumor cells during intraoperative imaging using an advanced imaging modality:multispectral optoacoustic tomography(MSOT).We developed IR780 dye encapsulated liposomes(Lipo-780)as a nanocontrast agent and actively targeted them using the pH low insertion peptide(pHLIP)V7(V7-lipo-780)toward the extremely acidic pH tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer.Tumor-specific uptake of liposomes were evaluated in vitro in aggressive metastatic pancreatic cancer cells(S2VP10,S2013)and in vivo in orthotopic human pancreatic cancer xenograft murine model.Lipo-780(110 nm,polydispersity index(PDI)of 0.13)were conjugated with V7 peptide using SMCC NH2-maleimide linker and the conjugation was confirmed with zeta potential measurements.The uptake of V7-lipo-780 increased by 3.5-fold in comparison to Lipo-780 in S2013 cells(p<0.001),and by 2.4-fold(p<0.001)at pH 6.6 in S2VP10 cells.Propidium iodide encapsulated liposomes(Lipo-PI)with a size of 118 nm validated the internalization of liposomes.In S2VP10 cells,V7-lipo-PI demonstrated higher uptake with the mean red fluorescence of 5535 counts in comparison to 334 counts for Lipo-PI at pH 6.6(p<0.001).Biodistribution analysis indicated 40×higher tumor accumulation of V7-lipo-780 in comparison to the liver(p<0.001),and 4×higher tumor accumulation than the kidney(p<0.001)post 6 h of intravenous administration.Histological analysis of kidney,liver,and spleen confirmed the nontoxic nature of liposomes.Tumor-specific liposome accumulation and IR780 contrast agent release prevent off-target toxicity with maximum contrast signal at the tumor site,further expanding the potential of MSOT for clinical applications.
文摘It is observed that there is not enough literature to support the usefulness of dental tissue in forensic medicine for the estimation of postmortem interval(PMI).Therefore,the authors of this article have systematically reviewed the available literature to understand the most used dental tissues,the methods employed to evaluate these tissues,and their reliability in PMI estimation.A MEDLINE-PubMed search engine was used to review the literature using the keywords“teeth,”“dental tissues,”“post‑mortem interval,”and“forensic dentistry”from 2001 until 2020.The most used tissue was dental pulp,but other cellular‑.and molecular‑level dental tissues such as enamel,dentin,cementum,periodontal ligament,odontoblast,and mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and RNA were also used.Based on this observation,the authors have provided the categorical classification to evaluate these dental tissues into morphological,histopathological,and molecular‑level examination to understand the reliability of these dental tissues.The molecular examinations to evaluate these tissues were widely employed and emerging in the estimation of PMI as this method could provide a reliable outcome when compared with others.Since the literature reviewed was not enough to answer our questions,however,to conclude,the dental pulp is the widely used tissue so far.Further,more studies are required to authenticate the role of other dental tissues to predict the PMI at an early stage with cost‑effective and most convenient techniques.
