Irrigation methods and nitrogen(N) fertilization modes have complicated impacts on wheat physiology, growth, and development, leading to the regulation of wheat grain yield and quality. However, the optimal water-N co...Irrigation methods and nitrogen(N) fertilization modes have complicated impacts on wheat physiology, growth, and development, leading to the regulation of wheat grain yield and quality. However, the optimal water-N combination for drip-irrigated winter wheat remains unclear. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the influences of various N-fertigation and water regimes on wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation, yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality. The two irrigation quotas were I_(45)(irrigation when crop evapotranspiration reduced by effective rainfall(ETa-P) reaches 45 mm) and I_(30)(irrigation when ETa-P reaches 30 mm), while the six N application rates were N_(0–100)(100% at jointing/booting), N_(25–75)(25% at sowing and 75% at jointing/booting), N_(50–50)(50% at sowing and 50% at jointing/booting), N_(75–25)(75% at sowing and 25% at jointing/booting), N_(100–0)(100% at sowing), and SRF100(100% of slow-release fertilizer at sowing). The experimental findings showed that post-anthesis grain weight variation, grain yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality were all markedly influenced by the various irrigation schedules and N-fertilization modes. The N_(50–50)treatment was more beneficial for winter wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation than the N_(100–0)and N_(0–100)treatments under the two irrigation quotas and during the two seasons. The highest grain yields of 9.72 and9.94(t ha^(-1)) were obtained with the I_(45)N_(50–50)treatment in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively. The grain crudeprotein was higher in the I_(45)SRF100treatment during the two seasons. The I_(45)N_(100–0)combination significantly(P<0.05)enhanced the content of grain total starch by 7.30 and 8.23% compared with the I_(45)N_(0–100)and I_(30)N_(0–100)treatments,respectively, during the 2021–2021 season. The I_(45)N_(100–0)treatment significantly(P<0.05) enhanced the content ofgrain total starch concentration by 7.77, 7.62 and 7.88% compared with the I_(45)N_(0–100), I_(30)N_(0–100), and I_(30)N_(25–75)treatments,respectively, in the 2021–2022 season. The principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that the N_(50–50)splitN-fertigation mode could be the optimal choice for farmers during winter wheat production via drip irrigation.展开更多
A high-efficiency mode of high-low seedbed cultivation(HLSC)has been listed as the main agricultural technology to increase land utilization ratio and grain yield in Shandong Province,China.However,limited information...A high-efficiency mode of high-low seedbed cultivation(HLSC)has been listed as the main agricultural technology to increase land utilization ratio and grain yield in Shandong Province,China.However,limited information is available on the optimized water and nitrogen management for yield formation,especially the grain-filling process,under HLSC mode.A three-year field experiment with four nitrogen rates and three irrigation rates of HLSC was conducted to reveal the response of grain-filling parameters,grain weight percentage of spike weight(GPS),spike moisture content(SMC),and winter wheat yield to water and nitrogen rates.The four nitrogen rates were N1(360 kg ha^(-1) pure N),N2(300 kg ha^(-1) pure N),N3(240 kg ha^(-1) pure N),and N4(180 kg ha^(-1) pure N),respectively,and the three irrigation quotas were W1(120 mm),W2(90 mm),and W3(60 mm),respectively.Results showed that the determinate growth function generally performed well in simulating the temporal dynamics of grain weight(0.989<R^(2)<0.999,where R2 is the determination coefficient).The occurrence time of maximum filling rate(T_(max))and active grain-filling period(AGP)increased with the increase in the water or nitrogen rate,whereas the average grain-filling rate(G_(mean))had a decreasing trend.The final 1,000-grain weight(FTGW)increased and then decreased with the increase in the nitrogen rates and increased with the increase in the irrigation rates.The GPS and SMC had a highly significant quadratic polynomial relationship with grain weight and days after anthesis.Nitrogen,irrigation,and year significantly affected the T_(max),AGP,G_(mean),and FTGW.Particularly,the AGP and FTGW were insignificantly different between high seedbed(HLSC-H)and low seedbed(HLSC-L)across the water and nitrogen levels.Moreover,the moderate water and nitrogen supply was more beneficial for grain yield,as well as for spike number and grain number per hectare.The principal component analysis indicated that combining 240-300 kg N ha^(-1) and 90^(-1)20 mm irrigation quota could improve grain-filling efficiency and yield for the HLSC-cultivated winter wheat.展开更多
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-03-19)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51879267)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Irrigation methods and nitrogen(N) fertilization modes have complicated impacts on wheat physiology, growth, and development, leading to the regulation of wheat grain yield and quality. However, the optimal water-N combination for drip-irrigated winter wheat remains unclear. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the influences of various N-fertigation and water regimes on wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation, yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality. The two irrigation quotas were I_(45)(irrigation when crop evapotranspiration reduced by effective rainfall(ETa-P) reaches 45 mm) and I_(30)(irrigation when ETa-P reaches 30 mm), while the six N application rates were N_(0–100)(100% at jointing/booting), N_(25–75)(25% at sowing and 75% at jointing/booting), N_(50–50)(50% at sowing and 50% at jointing/booting), N_(75–25)(75% at sowing and 25% at jointing/booting), N_(100–0)(100% at sowing), and SRF100(100% of slow-release fertilizer at sowing). The experimental findings showed that post-anthesis grain weight variation, grain yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality were all markedly influenced by the various irrigation schedules and N-fertilization modes. The N_(50–50)treatment was more beneficial for winter wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation than the N_(100–0)and N_(0–100)treatments under the two irrigation quotas and during the two seasons. The highest grain yields of 9.72 and9.94(t ha^(-1)) were obtained with the I_(45)N_(50–50)treatment in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively. The grain crudeprotein was higher in the I_(45)SRF100treatment during the two seasons. The I_(45)N_(100–0)combination significantly(P<0.05)enhanced the content of grain total starch by 7.30 and 8.23% compared with the I_(45)N_(0–100)and I_(30)N_(0–100)treatments,respectively, during the 2021–2021 season. The I_(45)N_(100–0)treatment significantly(P<0.05) enhanced the content ofgrain total starch concentration by 7.77, 7.62 and 7.88% compared with the I_(45)N_(0–100), I_(30)N_(0–100), and I_(30)N_(25–75)treatments,respectively, in the 2021–2022 season. The principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that the N_(50–50)splitN-fertigation mode could be the optimal choice for farmers during winter wheat production via drip irrigation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1900802)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-03-19)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51879267)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(IFI2023-13)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP),Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘A high-efficiency mode of high-low seedbed cultivation(HLSC)has been listed as the main agricultural technology to increase land utilization ratio and grain yield in Shandong Province,China.However,limited information is available on the optimized water and nitrogen management for yield formation,especially the grain-filling process,under HLSC mode.A three-year field experiment with four nitrogen rates and three irrigation rates of HLSC was conducted to reveal the response of grain-filling parameters,grain weight percentage of spike weight(GPS),spike moisture content(SMC),and winter wheat yield to water and nitrogen rates.The four nitrogen rates were N1(360 kg ha^(-1) pure N),N2(300 kg ha^(-1) pure N),N3(240 kg ha^(-1) pure N),and N4(180 kg ha^(-1) pure N),respectively,and the three irrigation quotas were W1(120 mm),W2(90 mm),and W3(60 mm),respectively.Results showed that the determinate growth function generally performed well in simulating the temporal dynamics of grain weight(0.989<R^(2)<0.999,where R2 is the determination coefficient).The occurrence time of maximum filling rate(T_(max))and active grain-filling period(AGP)increased with the increase in the water or nitrogen rate,whereas the average grain-filling rate(G_(mean))had a decreasing trend.The final 1,000-grain weight(FTGW)increased and then decreased with the increase in the nitrogen rates and increased with the increase in the irrigation rates.The GPS and SMC had a highly significant quadratic polynomial relationship with grain weight and days after anthesis.Nitrogen,irrigation,and year significantly affected the T_(max),AGP,G_(mean),and FTGW.Particularly,the AGP and FTGW were insignificantly different between high seedbed(HLSC-H)and low seedbed(HLSC-L)across the water and nitrogen levels.Moreover,the moderate water and nitrogen supply was more beneficial for grain yield,as well as for spike number and grain number per hectare.The principal component analysis indicated that combining 240-300 kg N ha^(-1) and 90^(-1)20 mm irrigation quota could improve grain-filling efficiency and yield for the HLSC-cultivated winter wheat.
