In this paper, we conduct research on the applications of case studies and role playing methods on the enterprise strategic management course teaching. Training is an important part of the enterprise human resources m...In this paper, we conduct research on the applications of case studies and role playing methods on the enterprise strategic management course teaching. Training is an important part of the enterprise human resources management. For enterprises is a kind of novel important human capital investment, as well as other capital investments, both benefits. Also be risky, because of the risks and benefits is coexistence, indivisible. To deal with the mentioned challenge, we combine the novel and state-of-the-art training methodology to maximize the effectiveness of the training process. In the article, we cast our new opinion together with the prospect for the future.展开更多
Poplar canker,caused by the fungus Cytospora chrysosperma,results in tremendous losses in poplar plantations in China.Although NADPH oxidases(NOXs)play important roles in the development and pathogenicity of several p...Poplar canker,caused by the fungus Cytospora chrysosperma,results in tremendous losses in poplar plantations in China.Although NADPH oxidases(NOXs)play important roles in the development and pathogenicity of several pathogenic fungi,their roles in C.chrysosperma remain unclear.In this study,we characterized three NOX genes(CcNox1,CcNox2,and CcNoxR)in C.chrysosperma.All three genes were highly upregulated during poplar branch infection,and deletion of any of them severely reduced virulence on poplar branches.Furthermore,deletion of either CcNox1 or CcNoxR resulted in a significant increase in endogenous reactive oxygen species production in hyphae,enhanced influx of Ca^(2+),the disruption of redox homeostasis and compromised mitochondrial integrity.Moreover,biosynthesis and secretion of a known virulence factor oxalic acid was obviously defective and exogenous oxalic acid supplementation rescued the virulence of the mutants.Taken together,our findings reveal that NOXs play important roles in redox homeostasis,mitochondrial integrity and pathogenicity in C.chrysosperma.展开更多
Dear Editor, The general way to probe functions of a protein in vivo is to perturb its level and then observe subsequent phe- notypic changes. In plants, modulation of protein level is mainly carried out at DNA or RN...Dear Editor, The general way to probe functions of a protein in vivo is to perturb its level and then observe subsequent phe- notypic changes. In plants, modulation of protein level is mainly carried out at DNA or RNA level, which is indirect and thus affected by stability of the target protein. Thus, experimental approaches to perturb protein level directly are needed, but still limited in plants. In mammalian cells, a technique to modulate protein level directly has been developed. Engineered destabilizing domain （DD） of the human FKBP12 protein can confer instability to other pro- teins when fused to it. A small synthetic molecule ligand Shield 1 （Shldl） can bind DD and shield it from degrada- tion. The level of DD fused protein can be controlled by adjusting Shldl concentration （Banaszynski et al., 2006）.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the applications of case studies and role playing methods on the enterprise strategic management course teaching. Training is an important part of the enterprise human resources management. For enterprises is a kind of novel important human capital investment, as well as other capital investments, both benefits. Also be risky, because of the risks and benefits is coexistence, indivisible. To deal with the mentioned challenge, we combine the novel and state-of-the-art training methodology to maximize the effectiveness of the training process. In the article, we cast our new opinion together with the prospect for the future.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1401000).
文摘Poplar canker,caused by the fungus Cytospora chrysosperma,results in tremendous losses in poplar plantations in China.Although NADPH oxidases(NOXs)play important roles in the development and pathogenicity of several pathogenic fungi,their roles in C.chrysosperma remain unclear.In this study,we characterized three NOX genes(CcNox1,CcNox2,and CcNoxR)in C.chrysosperma.All three genes were highly upregulated during poplar branch infection,and deletion of any of them severely reduced virulence on poplar branches.Furthermore,deletion of either CcNox1 or CcNoxR resulted in a significant increase in endogenous reactive oxygen species production in hyphae,enhanced influx of Ca^(2+),the disruption of redox homeostasis and compromised mitochondrial integrity.Moreover,biosynthesis and secretion of a known virulence factor oxalic acid was obviously defective and exogenous oxalic acid supplementation rescued the virulence of the mutants.Taken together,our findings reveal that NOXs play important roles in redox homeostasis,mitochondrial integrity and pathogenicity in C.chrysosperma.
文摘Dear Editor, The general way to probe functions of a protein in vivo is to perturb its level and then observe subsequent phe- notypic changes. In plants, modulation of protein level is mainly carried out at DNA or RNA level, which is indirect and thus affected by stability of the target protein. Thus, experimental approaches to perturb protein level directly are needed, but still limited in plants. In mammalian cells, a technique to modulate protein level directly has been developed. Engineered destabilizing domain （DD） of the human FKBP12 protein can confer instability to other pro- teins when fused to it. A small synthetic molecule ligand Shield 1 （Shldl） can bind DD and shield it from degrada- tion. The level of DD fused protein can be controlled by adjusting Shldl concentration （Banaszynski et al., 2006）.
