In this paper, we conduct research on the applications of case studies and role playing methods on the enterprise strategic management course teaching. Training is an important part of the enterprise human resources m...In this paper, we conduct research on the applications of case studies and role playing methods on the enterprise strategic management course teaching. Training is an important part of the enterprise human resources management. For enterprises is a kind of novel important human capital investment, as well as other capital investments, both benefits. Also be risky, because of the risks and benefits is coexistence, indivisible. To deal with the mentioned challenge, we combine the novel and state-of-the-art training methodology to maximize the effectiveness of the training process. In the article, we cast our new opinion together with the prospect for the future.展开更多
Poplar canker,caused by the fungus Cytospora chrysosperma,results in tremendous losses in poplar plantations in China.Although NADPH oxidases(NOXs)play important roles in the development and pathogenicity of several p...Poplar canker,caused by the fungus Cytospora chrysosperma,results in tremendous losses in poplar plantations in China.Although NADPH oxidases(NOXs)play important roles in the development and pathogenicity of several pathogenic fungi,their roles in C.chrysosperma remain unclear.In this study,we characterized three NOX genes(CcNox1,CcNox2,and CcNoxR)in C.chrysosperma.All three genes were highly upregulated during poplar branch infection,and deletion of any of them severely reduced virulence on poplar branches.Furthermore,deletion of either CcNox1 or CcNoxR resulted in a significant increase in endogenous reactive oxygen species production in hyphae,enhanced influx of Ca^(2+),the disruption of redox homeostasis and compromised mitochondrial integrity.Moreover,biosynthesis and secretion of a known virulence factor oxalic acid was obviously defective and exogenous oxalic acid supplementation rescued the virulence of the mutants.Taken together,our findings reveal that NOXs play important roles in redox homeostasis,mitochondrial integrity and pathogenicity in C.chrysosperma.展开更多
Dear Editor, The general way to probe functions of a protein in vivo is to perturb its level and then observe subsequent phe- notypic changes. In plants, modulation of protein level is mainly carried out at DNA or RN...Dear Editor, The general way to probe functions of a protein in vivo is to perturb its level and then observe subsequent phe- notypic changes. In plants, modulation of protein level is mainly carried out at DNA or RNA level, which is indirect and thus affected by stability of the target protein. Thus, experimental approaches to perturb protein level directly are needed, but still limited in plants. In mammalian cells, a technique to modulate protein level directly has been developed. Engineered destabilizing domain （DD） of the human FKBP12 protein can confer instability to other pro- teins when fused to it. A small synthetic molecule ligand Shield 1 （Shldl） can bind DD and shield it from degrada- tion. The level of DD fused protein can be controlled by adjusting Shldl concentration （Banaszynski et al., 2006）.展开更多
Poplar bacterial canker,caused by Lonsdalea populi,seriously threatens the health of poplar plantations.The two-component system is one of the most important signal transduction pathways in bacteria,playing a crucial ...Poplar bacterial canker,caused by Lonsdalea populi,seriously threatens the health of poplar plantations.The two-component system is one of the most important signal transduction pathways in bacteria,playing a crucial role in numerical traits including growth,stress tolerance,and pathogenicity;however,their functions in L.populi remain poorly understood.Here,we identified a two-component system(RstB/RstA)in L.populi.The deletion of either rstB or rstA led to a decrease in L.populi virulence,biofilm formation,and tolerance to H_(2)O_(2)and iron stresses.Based on transcriptomic data of the rstB or rstA mutants,an electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed that RstA directly binds to the promoter of lpfetA.Given that lpfetA,lpfetB,and lpfetC are co-transcribed as an operon,these results suggested that RstA likely regulates the lpfetABC operon.The overexpression of either lpfetA,lpfetB,or lpfetC almost abolished bacterial virulence,while resulted in decreased biofilm formation and tolerance to H_(2)O_(2).These findings demonstrated that RstA modulates L.populi virulence,at least in part,by regulating the lpfet operon.Overall,our work indicated that RstB/RstA plays an important role in bacterial virulence and stress tolerance.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the applications of case studies and role playing methods on the enterprise strategic management course teaching. Training is an important part of the enterprise human resources management. For enterprises is a kind of novel important human capital investment, as well as other capital investments, both benefits. Also be risky, because of the risks and benefits is coexistence, indivisible. To deal with the mentioned challenge, we combine the novel and state-of-the-art training methodology to maximize the effectiveness of the training process. In the article, we cast our new opinion together with the prospect for the future.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1401000).
文摘Poplar canker,caused by the fungus Cytospora chrysosperma,results in tremendous losses in poplar plantations in China.Although NADPH oxidases(NOXs)play important roles in the development and pathogenicity of several pathogenic fungi,their roles in C.chrysosperma remain unclear.In this study,we characterized three NOX genes(CcNox1,CcNox2,and CcNoxR)in C.chrysosperma.All three genes were highly upregulated during poplar branch infection,and deletion of any of them severely reduced virulence on poplar branches.Furthermore,deletion of either CcNox1 or CcNoxR resulted in a significant increase in endogenous reactive oxygen species production in hyphae,enhanced influx of Ca^(2+),the disruption of redox homeostasis and compromised mitochondrial integrity.Moreover,biosynthesis and secretion of a known virulence factor oxalic acid was obviously defective and exogenous oxalic acid supplementation rescued the virulence of the mutants.Taken together,our findings reveal that NOXs play important roles in redox homeostasis,mitochondrial integrity and pathogenicity in C.chrysosperma.
文摘Dear Editor, The general way to probe functions of a protein in vivo is to perturb its level and then observe subsequent phe- notypic changes. In plants, modulation of protein level is mainly carried out at DNA or RNA level, which is indirect and thus affected by stability of the target protein. Thus, experimental approaches to perturb protein level directly are needed, but still limited in plants. In mammalian cells, a technique to modulate protein level directly has been developed. Engineered destabilizing domain （DD） of the human FKBP12 protein can confer instability to other pro- teins when fused to it. A small synthetic molecule ligand Shield 1 （Shldl） can bind DD and shield it from degrada- tion. The level of DD fused protein can be controlled by adjusting Shldl concentration （Banaszynski et al., 2006）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271887).
文摘Poplar bacterial canker,caused by Lonsdalea populi,seriously threatens the health of poplar plantations.The two-component system is one of the most important signal transduction pathways in bacteria,playing a crucial role in numerical traits including growth,stress tolerance,and pathogenicity;however,their functions in L.populi remain poorly understood.Here,we identified a two-component system(RstB/RstA)in L.populi.The deletion of either rstB or rstA led to a decrease in L.populi virulence,biofilm formation,and tolerance to H_(2)O_(2)and iron stresses.Based on transcriptomic data of the rstB or rstA mutants,an electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed that RstA directly binds to the promoter of lpfetA.Given that lpfetA,lpfetB,and lpfetC are co-transcribed as an operon,these results suggested that RstA likely regulates the lpfetABC operon.The overexpression of either lpfetA,lpfetB,or lpfetC almost abolished bacterial virulence,while resulted in decreased biofilm formation and tolerance to H_(2)O_(2).These findings demonstrated that RstA modulates L.populi virulence,at least in part,by regulating the lpfet operon.Overall,our work indicated that RstB/RstA plays an important role in bacterial virulence and stress tolerance.
