The future 6G networks will integrates space and terrestrial networks to realize a fully connected world with extensive collaboration.However,how to build trust between multiple parties is a difficult problem for secu...The future 6G networks will integrates space and terrestrial networks to realize a fully connected world with extensive collaboration.However,how to build trust between multiple parties is a difficult problem for secure cooperation without a reliable third-party.Blockchain is a promising technology to solve this problem by converting the trust between multi-parties to the trust to the common shared data.Several works have proposed to apply the incentive mechanism in blockchain to encourage effective cooperation,but how to evaluate the cooperation performance and avoid breach of contract is not discussed.In this paper,a secure relay scheme is proposed based on the consortium blockchain system composed by different operators.In particular,smart contract checks the integrity of the message based on RSA accumulator,and executes transactions automatically when the message is delivered successfully.Detailed procedures are introduced for both uplink and downlink relay.Implementation based on Hyperledger Fabric proves the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and shows that the complexity of the scheme is low enough for practical deployment.展开更多
The evaluation of thesis by undergraduate has the characteristics of multi-factor, multi-layer and easy to be affected by subjective factors. To reduce the subjectivity, triangular fuzzy number is used as index set to...The evaluation of thesis by undergraduate has the characteristics of multi-factor, multi-layer and easy to be affected by subjective factors. To reduce the subjectivity, triangular fuzzy number is used as index set to give weight, and on this basis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to evaluate the quality of graduation thesis. The empirical analysis shows that the combination of triangular fuzzy number and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation has certain practical value in the quality evaluation of graduation thesis.展开更多
Introduction:This study assessed the impact of antiretroviral therapy(ART)on stillbirth and neonatal mortality and investigated associated risk factors among Human immunodeficiency virus-positive(HIV-positive)pregnant...Introduction:This study assessed the impact of antiretroviral therapy(ART)on stillbirth and neonatal mortality and investigated associated risk factors among Human immunodeficiency virus-positive(HIV-positive)pregnant women in Yunnan,China during 2013-2022.Methods:Data from the National Information System of Integrated Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV,Syphilis,and Hepatitis B Program(PMTCT)were analyzed to determine stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates.Multivariate Poisson regression was employed to identify risk factors associated with stillbirth and neonatal outcomes.Results:Among 9,563 HIV-positive women with singleton pregnancies in Yunnan Province during 2013-2022,9,404(98.34%)received ART during pregnancy,while 159(1.66%)did not.There were 9,421 live births,76 stillbirths,and 66 neonatal deaths,yielding a stillbirth rate(SBR)of 8.07‰and neonatal mortality rate(NMR)of 7.01‰.The SBR was significantly lower in pregnancies where ART was used(P=0.033).Univariate analysis revealed that ART(P=0.009),ethnicity(P=0.012),and antenatal care utilization(P<0.001)were associated with stillbirth and newborn survival.Multivariate Poisson regression identified that six or more antenatal care visits as an independent predictor of survival.Conclusions:Stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates were elevated among mothers who did not receive ART during pregnancy compared to those who did.These findings emphasize the importance of ART during pregnancy,particularly since several mortality risk factors are amenable to intervention.展开更多
The CoVID-19 pandemic that started in late 2019 is sweeping through the world,posing historic challenges to global health,and disrupting social and economic lives.Previous and recent studies indicate that monoclonal a...The CoVID-19 pandemic that started in late 2019 is sweeping through the world,posing historic challenges to global health,and disrupting social and economic lives.Previous and recent studies indicate that monoclonal antibodies can be efficacious in preventing and treating SARSCoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infections.Using a phage display platform,we have identified dozens of monoclonal antibodies that bind to diverse epitope groups on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.Many of them bound to the receptor binding domain(RBD)and inhibited ACE2-RBD interaction.展开更多
Dwarf galaxies,with their shallow gravitational potentials,less evolved assembly histories,and low mass,serve as critical laboratories for studying massive black hole(MBH)formation and growth[1].They preserve signatur...Dwarf galaxies,with their shallow gravitational potentials,less evolved assembly histories,and low mass,serve as critical laboratories for studying massive black hole(MBH)formation and growth[1].They preserve signatures of the primordial processes that shaped early MBH emergence[2].Off-nuclear(or offset)active galactic nucleus(AGN)are increasingly recognized as important laboratories for understanding galactic dynamics and black-hole evolution,with recent studies indicating that they are quite common in various galaxy populations.展开更多
The World Health Organization(WHO)has set the goal of eliminating hepatitis as a threat to public health by 2030.Blocking mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)is not only the key to eliminating v...The World Health Organization(WHO)has set the goal of eliminating hepatitis as a threat to public health by 2030.Blocking mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)is not only the key to eliminating viral hepatitis,but also a hot issue in the field of hepatitis B prevention and treatment.To standardize the clinical management of preventing MTCT of HBV and achieve zero HBV infection among infants,the Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control organized experts to compile a management algorithm for prevention of MTCT of HBV based on the latest research progress and guidelines,including 10 steps of pregnancy management and postpartum follow-up,among which screening,antiviral treatment,and infant immunization are its core components.展开更多
Six kinds of terbium ternary complexes with halo-benzoic acids were synthesized. Their compositions were determined by C, H elemental analyzer and EDTA titration. The infrared spectra, ultraviolet absorption spectra, ...Six kinds of terbium ternary complexes with halo-benzoic acids were synthesized. Their compositions were determined by C, H elemental analyzer and EDTA titration. The infrared spectra, ultraviolet absorption spectra, and fluorescence spectra were also measured to identify the complexes. Elemental analysis showed that the compositions of these complexes were Tb（p-BrBA）3- H20, Tb（p-CIBA）3- 2H20, Tb（p-FBA）3- H20, Tb（o-FBA）3·2H20, Tb（o-CIBA）3· H20, and Tb（o-BrBA）3. H20, respectively. The monodispersed Ag@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles with silica thicknesses of 10, 15, and 25 nm were success- fully prepared and characterized by transmission-electron microscopy. Fluorescence intensities of the complexes were detected before and after Ag@SiO2core-shell nanoparticles were added; the enhancement times were related to the silica-shell thick- ness. The fluorescence enhancement times were largest when the thickness of the silica shell was 25 nm. The mechanism may be attributed to the localized surface-plasmon resonance. Furthermore, the enhancement effect of terbium fluoro-benzoate complexes was the strongest in these complexes. This result may be attributed to the hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl on the surface of the silica shell and the fluorine atom.展开更多
ABSTRACT Introduction:Prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is a global health focus in most parts of the world.The World Health Organization(WHO)launched the dual Elimin...ABSTRACT Introduction:Prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is a global health focus in most parts of the world.The World Health Organization(WHO)launched the dual Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission(EMTCT)of HIV and syphilis initiative and released global guidance on criteria and processes for validation of the EMTCT in 2014.The purpose of this report was to analyze the key validation indicators of EMTCT of HIV in China from 2011 to 2020 and to provide relevant basis information for the implementation of EMTCT action in China.展开更多
What is already known on this topic?The national program of prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of syphilis was initiated in 2011 and scaled to a national level since 2015.A better understanding of the im...What is already known on this topic?The national program of prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of syphilis was initiated in 2011 and scaled to a national level since 2015.A better understanding of the implementation and outcomes of the program on PMTCT of syphilis is needed for future strategies to achieve the World Health Organization(WHO)goal of elimination of motherto-child transmission(EMTCT)of syphilis.What is added by this report Between 2011 and 2018,as the coverage of syphilis screening of pregnant women and treatment for syphilis-seropositive pregnant women and their infants have increased consistently,the incidence of congenital syphilis was significantly reduced from 91.6 cases per 100,000 live births to 18.4 cases per 100,000.Treatment rates and adequate treatment rates of syphilis-seropositive pregnant women were below the criteria of validation of EMTCT of syphilis and regional disparities were found.What are the implications for public health practice?We recommend continuing to strengthen the current PMTCT intervention strategies with further commitments to achieve the targets set by the WHO’s dual EMTCT of HIV and syphilis.Barriers to achieving high coverage of adequate treatment should be investigated and addressed at the provincial level to ensure prompt treatment for syphilis-seropositive pregnant women.展开更多
From the hindgut contents of Holotrichia parallela larvae,207 aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacterial isolates were obtained.These bacterial isolates were assigned to 21 genotypes by amplified ribos...From the hindgut contents of Holotrichia parallela larvae,207 aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacterial isolates were obtained.These bacterial isolates were assigned to 21 genotypes by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis(ARDRA).A partial 16 S rDNA sequence analysis and standard biochemical and physiological tests were used for the assignment of the 21 representative isolates.Our results show that the cellulolytic bacterial community is dominated by the Proteobacteria(70.05%),followed by the Actinobacteria(24.15%),the Firmicutes(4.35%),and the Bacteroidetes(1.45%).And among the cellulolytic bacteria,some isolates,Siphonobacter aquaeclarae,Cellulosimicrobium funkei,Citrobacter freundii,Pseudomonas nitroreducens,and so on,are reported to be cellulolytic for the first time in this study.Among these isolates,a novel bacterium,designated Pseudomonas sp.HP207,with the highest endoglucanase productivity was selected for further study.The production of the endoglucanase was optimized by varying various physical culture conditions using a submerged fermentation method.Under the optimized fermentation conditions,the maximum endoglucanase activity of 1.432 U mL-1 in bacterial cultures was obtained,higher than those of the most widely studied bacteria and fungi,which are the attractive candidates for the commercial producer of cellulase.And the crude endoglucanase enzyme was also highly thermostable;approximately 55% of the original activity was maintained after pretreatment at 70°C for 1 h.Thus,from the present study,the bacterium can be added up to the database of cellulolytic bacteria,the scarab gut is an attractive source for the study of novel cellulolytic microorganisms and enzymes useful for cellulose degradation.展开更多
Astronomy is the oldest natural science based on observation,and a census of objects in the sky map to create a catalog is the basis for further research.This effort is achieved through astronomical object detection,a...Astronomy is the oldest natural science based on observation,and a census of objects in the sky map to create a catalog is the basis for further research.This effort is achieved through astronomical object detection,also known as"source finding",which aims to identify individual objects in an astronomical image and then retrieve the properties of those objects to form a catalog.The completeness,reliability,and accuracy of the resulting catalog has a profound impact on astrophysical research.展开更多
Background:Persistent human papillomavirus(HPV)infection is the necessary factor for cervical cancer.Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive women are a high-risk population for cervical cancer,but little is known ...Background:Persistent human papillomavirus(HPV)infection is the necessary factor for cervical cancer.Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive women are a high-risk population for cervical cancer,but little is known about persistent HPV infection among HIV-positive women in China.We aimed to investigate the persistence and incidence of infection with high-risk HPV(hrHPV)and associated factors among HIV-positive women in China.Method:Using a prospective observational study design,we collected data from 670 HIV-positive women in five counties of three provinces through interviews,medical record reviews,health examination,and laboratory tests at a baseline survey in 2015 and a follow-up survey in 2016.We tested HIVpositive women for hrHPV infection using the Cobas 4800 HPV test,and analyzed factors associated with persistence and new incidence of hrHPV infection using logistic regression.Results:After an average of 15 months at follow-up,the persistence and new incidence rates of hrHPV infection were 38.0%(46/121,95%CI:29.2%-46.8%)and 8.3%(35/420,95%CI:5.7%-11.1%),respectively.HIV-positive women in Yunnan and Guangxi were more likely to have persistent hrHPV infections than those in Xinjiang(aOR=3.18,95%CI:1.00-10.14,p=0.05;aOR=6.38,95%CI:2.29-17.77,p<0.001).Migrant women had a higher rate of new hrHPV incidence than local women(aOR=4.48,95%CI:1.65-12.15,p=0.003).HIV-positive women from Xinjiang were 6.5 times more likely to be newly infected with hrHPV than those from Yunnan(95%CI:2.40-17.60,p<0.001).HIV-positive women with HBV infection had a higher risk of being infected with hrHPV than those without HBV infection(aOR=3.48,95%CI:1.13-10.71,p=0.029).Conclusions:The persistence and new incidence rates of hrHPV infection among HIV-positive women were high and varied significantly between regions.HBV infection and being among the migrant population were associated with new hrHPV infection.展开更多
In China, a pilot project for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of the HIV was initiated in 2001. For the PMTCT of HIV, the Chinese government has released versions of the guidelines since 2004. I...In China, a pilot project for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of the HIV was initiated in 2001. For the PMTCT of HIV, the Chinese government has released versions of the guidelines since 2004. In 2014, the World Health Organization released guidance on global processes and criteria for the validation of elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis. To promote the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B virus in China, the Chinese government updated the Guideline for PMTCT of HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B in 2020 (briefly as Guideline-2020). The Guideline-2020 comprises 5 parts: goals, interventions, support measures, duties and cooperation of departments, and definition indicators for PMTCT of HIV and corresponding calculation formulas. Compared with the previous versions, the key points updated in the Guideline-2020 are that the goals are set again, and health education and promotion, the procedure of HIV testing for pregnant women, and the antiretroviral therapy regimen for HIV-positive pregnant women and antiretroviral) prophylaxis regimen for infants are all updated. The antiretroviral prophylaxis regimen as zidovudine-lamivudine-nevirapine/lopinavir/ritonavir twice per day for 6 weeks is recommended for infants at high exposure risk to HIV, whereas the third antiretroviral therapy regimen as tenofovir-lamivudine-lopinavir/ritonavir is recommended for HIV-positive pregnant women, and indicators for PMTCT of HIV and corresponding calculation formulas are defined.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among HIV-positive women.The World Health Organization(WHO)has recommended a program of cervical cancer screening for HI...Summary What is already known about this topic?Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among HIV-positive women.The World Health Organization(WHO)has recommended a program of cervical cancer screening for HIV-positive women.Prospective follow-up studies and specific recommendations on cervical cancer screening for HIV-positive women in China are not currently being performed.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of Chain(No.2021YFE0205300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62171313).
文摘The future 6G networks will integrates space and terrestrial networks to realize a fully connected world with extensive collaboration.However,how to build trust between multiple parties is a difficult problem for secure cooperation without a reliable third-party.Blockchain is a promising technology to solve this problem by converting the trust between multi-parties to the trust to the common shared data.Several works have proposed to apply the incentive mechanism in blockchain to encourage effective cooperation,but how to evaluate the cooperation performance and avoid breach of contract is not discussed.In this paper,a secure relay scheme is proposed based on the consortium blockchain system composed by different operators.In particular,smart contract checks the integrity of the message based on RSA accumulator,and executes transactions automatically when the message is delivered successfully.Detailed procedures are introduced for both uplink and downlink relay.Implementation based on Hyperledger Fabric proves the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and shows that the complexity of the scheme is low enough for practical deployment.
文摘The evaluation of thesis by undergraduate has the characteristics of multi-factor, multi-layer and easy to be affected by subjective factors. To reduce the subjectivity, triangular fuzzy number is used as index set to give weight, and on this basis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to evaluate the quality of graduation thesis. The empirical analysis shows that the combination of triangular fuzzy number and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation has certain practical value in the quality evaluation of graduation thesis.
文摘Introduction:This study assessed the impact of antiretroviral therapy(ART)on stillbirth and neonatal mortality and investigated associated risk factors among Human immunodeficiency virus-positive(HIV-positive)pregnant women in Yunnan,China during 2013-2022.Methods:Data from the National Information System of Integrated Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV,Syphilis,and Hepatitis B Program(PMTCT)were analyzed to determine stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates.Multivariate Poisson regression was employed to identify risk factors associated with stillbirth and neonatal outcomes.Results:Among 9,563 HIV-positive women with singleton pregnancies in Yunnan Province during 2013-2022,9,404(98.34%)received ART during pregnancy,while 159(1.66%)did not.There were 9,421 live births,76 stillbirths,and 66 neonatal deaths,yielding a stillbirth rate(SBR)of 8.07‰and neonatal mortality rate(NMR)of 7.01‰.The SBR was significantly lower in pregnancies where ART was used(P=0.033).Univariate analysis revealed that ART(P=0.009),ethnicity(P=0.012),and antenatal care utilization(P<0.001)were associated with stillbirth and newborn survival.Multivariate Poisson regression identified that six or more antenatal care visits as an independent predictor of survival.Conclusions:Stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates were elevated among mothers who did not receive ART during pregnancy compared to those who did.These findings emphasize the importance of ART during pregnancy,particularly since several mortality risk factors are amenable to intervention.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773621,82073751 to JZ)the National Science and Technology Major Project"Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program"of China(No.2019ZX09732001-019 to JZ)+1 种基金the Key R&D Supporting Program(Special support for developing medicine for infectious diseases)from the Administration of Chinese and Singapore Tianjin Eco-city to Jecho Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.Co.,Zhejiang University special CoVID-19 grant 2020XGZX099Shanghai Jiao Tong University"Crossing Medical and Engineering"grant 20X190020003 to JZ.
文摘The CoVID-19 pandemic that started in late 2019 is sweeping through the world,posing historic challenges to global health,and disrupting social and economic lives.Previous and recent studies indicate that monoclonal antibodies can be efficacious in preventing and treating SARSCoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infections.Using a phage display platform,we have identified dozens of monoclonal antibodies that bind to diverse epitope groups on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.Many of them bound to the receptor binding domain(RBD)and inhibited ACE2-RBD interaction.
基金supported by the National SKA Program of China(2022SKA0120102 and 2022SKA0130103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12403023)+6 种基金FAST special Program(NSFC)(12041301)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M733625 and 2024T170968)supported by the Shanghai Post-doctoral Excellence Program and Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1455700)support from the Xinjiang Tianchi Talent ProgramMar Mezcua acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the project PID2021-124243NB-C22partially supported by the program Unidad de Excelencia Marła de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-MThis work used resources of China SKA Regional Centre funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The National Radio Astronomy Observatory(NRAO)is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under a cooperative agreement by Associated Universities,Inc.This paper makes use of the VLBA data from the program BA158.
文摘Dwarf galaxies,with their shallow gravitational potentials,less evolved assembly histories,and low mass,serve as critical laboratories for studying massive black hole(MBH)formation and growth[1].They preserve signatures of the primordial processes that shaped early MBH emergence[2].Off-nuclear(or offset)active galactic nucleus(AGN)are increasingly recognized as important laboratories for understanding galactic dynamics and black-hole evolution,with recent studies indicating that they are quite common in various galaxy populations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81673243)Sanming Project of Medi-cine in Shenzhen(SZSM201911001).
文摘The World Health Organization(WHO)has set the goal of eliminating hepatitis as a threat to public health by 2030.Blocking mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)is not only the key to eliminating viral hepatitis,but also a hot issue in the field of hepatitis B prevention and treatment.To standardize the clinical management of preventing MTCT of HBV and achieve zero HBV infection among infants,the Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control organized experts to compile a management algorithm for prevention of MTCT of HBV based on the latest research progress and guidelines,including 10 steps of pregnancy management and postpartum follow-up,among which screening,antiviral treatment,and infant immunization are its core components.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21161013)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2011MS0202)the Opening Foundation for Significant Fundamental Research of Inner Mongolia(2010KF03)
文摘Six kinds of terbium ternary complexes with halo-benzoic acids were synthesized. Their compositions were determined by C, H elemental analyzer and EDTA titration. The infrared spectra, ultraviolet absorption spectra, and fluorescence spectra were also measured to identify the complexes. Elemental analysis showed that the compositions of these complexes were Tb（p-BrBA）3- H20, Tb（p-CIBA）3- 2H20, Tb（p-FBA）3- H20, Tb（o-FBA）3·2H20, Tb（o-CIBA）3· H20, and Tb（o-BrBA）3. H20, respectively. The monodispersed Ag@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles with silica thicknesses of 10, 15, and 25 nm were success- fully prepared and characterized by transmission-electron microscopy. Fluorescence intensities of the complexes were detected before and after Ag@SiO2core-shell nanoparticles were added; the enhancement times were related to the silica-shell thick- ness. The fluorescence enhancement times were largest when the thickness of the silica shell was 25 nm. The mechanism may be attributed to the localized surface-plasmon resonance. Furthermore, the enhancement effect of terbium fluoro-benzoate complexes was the strongest in these complexes. This result may be attributed to the hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl on the surface of the silica shell and the fluorine atom.
文摘ABSTRACT Introduction:Prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is a global health focus in most parts of the world.The World Health Organization(WHO)launched the dual Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission(EMTCT)of HIV and syphilis initiative and released global guidance on criteria and processes for validation of the EMTCT in 2014.The purpose of this report was to analyze the key validation indicators of EMTCT of HIV in China from 2011 to 2020 and to provide relevant basis information for the implementation of EMTCT action in China.
文摘What is already known on this topic?The national program of prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of syphilis was initiated in 2011 and scaled to a national level since 2015.A better understanding of the implementation and outcomes of the program on PMTCT of syphilis is needed for future strategies to achieve the World Health Organization(WHO)goal of elimination of motherto-child transmission(EMTCT)of syphilis.What is added by this report Between 2011 and 2018,as the coverage of syphilis screening of pregnant women and treatment for syphilis-seropositive pregnant women and their infants have increased consistently,the incidence of congenital syphilis was significantly reduced from 91.6 cases per 100,000 live births to 18.4 cases per 100,000.Treatment rates and adequate treatment rates of syphilis-seropositive pregnant women were below the criteria of validation of EMTCT of syphilis and regional disparities were found.What are the implications for public health practice?We recommend continuing to strengthen the current PMTCT intervention strategies with further commitments to achieve the targets set by the WHO’s dual EMTCT of HIV and syphilis.Barriers to achieving high coverage of adequate treatment should be investigated and addressed at the provincial level to ensure prompt treatment for syphilis-seropositive pregnant women.
文摘From the hindgut contents of Holotrichia parallela larvae,207 aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacterial isolates were obtained.These bacterial isolates were assigned to 21 genotypes by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis(ARDRA).A partial 16 S rDNA sequence analysis and standard biochemical and physiological tests were used for the assignment of the 21 representative isolates.Our results show that the cellulolytic bacterial community is dominated by the Proteobacteria(70.05%),followed by the Actinobacteria(24.15%),the Firmicutes(4.35%),and the Bacteroidetes(1.45%).And among the cellulolytic bacteria,some isolates,Siphonobacter aquaeclarae,Cellulosimicrobium funkei,Citrobacter freundii,Pseudomonas nitroreducens,and so on,are reported to be cellulolytic for the first time in this study.Among these isolates,a novel bacterium,designated Pseudomonas sp.HP207,with the highest endoglucanase productivity was selected for further study.The production of the endoglucanase was optimized by varying various physical culture conditions using a submerged fermentation method.Under the optimized fermentation conditions,the maximum endoglucanase activity of 1.432 U mL-1 in bacterial cultures was obtained,higher than those of the most widely studied bacteria and fungi,which are the attractive candidates for the commercial producer of cellulase.And the crude endoglucanase enzyme was also highly thermostable;approximately 55% of the original activity was maintained after pretreatment at 70°C for 1 h.Thus,from the present study,the bacterium can be added up to the database of cellulolytic bacteria,the scarab gut is an attractive source for the study of novel cellulolytic microorganisms and enzymes useful for cellulose degradation.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0404603)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(114231KYSB20170003)the Youth Association for Promoting Innovation。
文摘Astronomy is the oldest natural science based on observation,and a census of objects in the sky map to create a catalog is the basis for further research.This effort is achieved through astronomical object detection,also known as"source finding",which aims to identify individual objects in an astronomical image and then retrieve the properties of those objects to form a catalog.The completeness,reliability,and accuracy of the resulting catalog has a profound impact on astrophysical research.
文摘Background:Persistent human papillomavirus(HPV)infection is the necessary factor for cervical cancer.Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive women are a high-risk population for cervical cancer,but little is known about persistent HPV infection among HIV-positive women in China.We aimed to investigate the persistence and incidence of infection with high-risk HPV(hrHPV)and associated factors among HIV-positive women in China.Method:Using a prospective observational study design,we collected data from 670 HIV-positive women in five counties of three provinces through interviews,medical record reviews,health examination,and laboratory tests at a baseline survey in 2015 and a follow-up survey in 2016.We tested HIVpositive women for hrHPV infection using the Cobas 4800 HPV test,and analyzed factors associated with persistence and new incidence of hrHPV infection using logistic regression.Results:After an average of 15 months at follow-up,the persistence and new incidence rates of hrHPV infection were 38.0%(46/121,95%CI:29.2%-46.8%)and 8.3%(35/420,95%CI:5.7%-11.1%),respectively.HIV-positive women in Yunnan and Guangxi were more likely to have persistent hrHPV infections than those in Xinjiang(aOR=3.18,95%CI:1.00-10.14,p=0.05;aOR=6.38,95%CI:2.29-17.77,p<0.001).Migrant women had a higher rate of new hrHPV incidence than local women(aOR=4.48,95%CI:1.65-12.15,p=0.003).HIV-positive women from Xinjiang were 6.5 times more likely to be newly infected with hrHPV than those from Yunnan(95%CI:2.40-17.60,p<0.001).HIV-positive women with HBV infection had a higher risk of being infected with hrHPV than those without HBV infection(aOR=3.48,95%CI:1.13-10.71,p=0.029).Conclusions:The persistence and new incidence rates of hrHPV infection among HIV-positive women were high and varied significantly between regions.HBV infection and being among the migrant population were associated with new hrHPV infection.
文摘In China, a pilot project for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of the HIV was initiated in 2001. For the PMTCT of HIV, the Chinese government has released versions of the guidelines since 2004. In 2014, the World Health Organization released guidance on global processes and criteria for the validation of elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis. To promote the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B virus in China, the Chinese government updated the Guideline for PMTCT of HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B in 2020 (briefly as Guideline-2020). The Guideline-2020 comprises 5 parts: goals, interventions, support measures, duties and cooperation of departments, and definition indicators for PMTCT of HIV and corresponding calculation formulas. Compared with the previous versions, the key points updated in the Guideline-2020 are that the goals are set again, and health education and promotion, the procedure of HIV testing for pregnant women, and the antiretroviral therapy regimen for HIV-positive pregnant women and antiretroviral) prophylaxis regimen for infants are all updated. The antiretroviral prophylaxis regimen as zidovudine-lamivudine-nevirapine/lopinavir/ritonavir twice per day for 6 weeks is recommended for infants at high exposure risk to HIV, whereas the third antiretroviral therapy regimen as tenofovir-lamivudine-lopinavir/ritonavir is recommended for HIV-positive pregnant women, and indicators for PMTCT of HIV and corresponding calculation formulas are defined.
基金This study was supported by grants from the UNICEF China(IR-5.2 PMTCT and Pediatric Services,Activity No.0860/A0/04/705/052/001).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among HIV-positive women.The World Health Organization(WHO)has recommended a program of cervical cancer screening for HIV-positive women.Prospective follow-up studies and specific recommendations on cervical cancer screening for HIV-positive women in China are not currently being performed.
