Introduction:Recent sentinel surveillance has revealed a rising prevalence of human adenovirus type 21(HAdV-21)among HAdV infections in China.This study aimed to elucidate the molecular features of currently circulati...Introduction:Recent sentinel surveillance has revealed a rising prevalence of human adenovirus type 21(HAdV-21)among HAdV infections in China.This study aimed to elucidate the molecular features of currently circulating HAdV-21 strains in China.Methods:Whole-genome sequencing(WGS)was performed on 23 HAdV-21 strains isolated from acute respiratory infection cases,56.5%involving lower respiratory tract infections,across 7 Chinese sentinel surveillance provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)(2023-2024).These sequences,along with 50 previously reported HAdV-21 genomes from 6 countries(1956-2019),were integrated into a WGS dataset for comprehensive phylogenetic,genetic variation,and recombination analyses.Results:WGS categorized the HAdV-21 strains into 3 subtypes:HAdV-21a,HAdV-21b,and historical HAdV-21p(isolated in the 1950s).HAdV-21a(1956-2024,involving 5 of the 6 countries)and HAdV-21b(2005-2024,involving 3 of the 6 countries)exhibited extensive spatiotemporal distributions.Recent Chinese strains(2023-2024)belonged to HAdV-21a and HAdV-21b(HAdV-21a/b),showing extremely high genetic homology with Chinese 2019 strains(genetic distance:0.00007)and global strains(distance:<0.00040).Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that HAdV-21a/b shared a common ancestor and maintained a highly conserved genome despite decades of circulation.Sequence variation analysis identified shared and subtype-specific mutations in these two subtypes.Recombination pattern analysis further revealed that HAdV-21a/b acquired an HAdV-3-derived fragment in the E4 region(breakpoint:nt32,843).Conclusions:Recombinant HAdV-21a/b subtypes have co-circulated in China in recent years with remarkable genetic conservation.Enhanced surveillance is essential to quantify associated disease burden and guide targeted prevention and control strategies.展开更多
Human bocavirus(HBoV)is a common respiratory virus among patients with acute respiratory infection(ARI).To investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of HBoV,clinical specimens from 13,109 ARI patients wer...Human bocavirus(HBoV)is a common respiratory virus among patients with acute respiratory infection(ARI).To investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of HBoV,clinical specimens from 13,109 ARI patients were collected through active surveillance from 12 provinces of China during 2012-2021.Extracted nucleic acid was screened and the viral protein 1(VP1)gene was directly amplified and sequenced in HBoV-positive specimens.3.51%of patients were HBoV-positive,with children under 5 years old accounting for 93.48%of cases.HBoV detection rate increased from 2.35%in 2012-2019 to 5.38%in 2020 and 7.68%in 2021,with a pronounced increase in children aged 2-4 years and in Southern China.The age group with the highest detection rate shifted from infants under 2 years in 2012-2019 to children aged 2-4 years in 2020-2021.The proportion of HBoV co-detections increased significantly in 2020-2021,from 43.98%to over 60.00%.All HBoV cases were identified as HBoV-1 with 165 full length sequences of VP1 gene obtained.No temporal or geographic clustering was observed.The VP1 gene evolved at a rate of 7.99×10^(−5)substitutions/site per year,withω-value less than 1,indicating that the VP1 protein was under negative selection pressure.Multiple antigen-associated amino acid mutations and positive selection sites were found in the VP1 protein.In conclusion,HBoV1 remains a major cause of pediatric ARI in China,but its epidemic pattern exhibited dynamic shifts during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,while the viral genetic evolution remained relatively stable.展开更多
To better understand the epidemiological characteristics of human adenovirus(HAdv)infections in China during and after the coronavirus disease 2019(COvVID-19)pandemic,respiratory specimens were collected from 17,562 e...To better understand the epidemiological characteristics of human adenovirus(HAdv)infections in China during and after the coronavirus disease 2019(COvVID-19)pandemic,respiratory specimens were collected from 17,562 enrolled patients with acute respiratory infections(ARIs)in 14 sentinel surveillance provinces during 2020-2023.Eight common respiratory viruses were detected using commercially available nucleic acid detection kits.HAdV-positive cases were statistically analyzed for detection rates,geographic distribution,seasonal patterns,demographic characteristics,and co-infection status.The results of this study showed that the overall HAdV detection rate was 5.09%(894/17,562)during 2020-2023,with a gradual decrease in the annual detection rate from 6.66%in 2020 to 3.89%in 2022 and a rebound in 2023(5.19%).The overall HAdV detection rate was significantly higher in the southern region(6.15%)than in the northern region(4.76%)(P<0.001).The median age of patients with HAdv infection was 3 years,with infants aged 0-2 years accounting for the majority(41.39%).HAdV-positive cases were detected throughout the year,with no clear seasonal pattern,and the HAdV epidemic in China during 2020-2023 may have been driven primarily by the virus infection in the southern region.Co-infections were frequent in HAdV-positive cases(overall rate:36.01%),primarily consisting of dual infections(79.28%),with human rhinovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus being the most common coinfecting pathogens.In conclusion,this study suggested the significant regional and temporal variation in HAdV detection rate in China during 2020-2023,and thus ongoing surveillance should be conducted to elucidate the epidemiological dynamics of HAdV infections.展开更多
Introduction:Human adenovirus type 14 variant p1(HAdV-14p1)has been associated with severe respiratory infections worldwide.However,no cases of HAdV-14p1 infection have been reported in China since 2019.HAdV-14 was un...Introduction:Human adenovirus type 14 variant p1(HAdV-14p1)has been associated with severe respiratory infections worldwide.However,no cases of HAdV-14p1 infection have been reported in China since 2019.HAdV-14 was unexpectedly identified in 2024 in a pediatric patient hospitalized with bronchopneumonia in Chongqing,China.This study aims to elucidate the genetic characteristics of this strain and determine its phylogenetic relationship with previously circulating domestic and international strains.Methods:Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the HAdV-14 strain Chongqing2024-115,followed by comprehensive phylogenetic and genetic variation analyses using all publicly available global HAdV-14 genome sequences from the GenBank database.Results:Genome-based phylogenetic analysis classified global HAdV-14 strains into two wellsupported clades:the HAdV-14 prototype clade and the variant HAdV-14p1 clade.The latter was further subdivided into three distinct subclades(I-III).Chongqing2024-115 clustered closely with earlier HAdV-14p1 subclade III and isolates from Beijing(2012)and Gansu(2013),showing high sequence identity(99.7%-99.9%).Compared with the genome of the HAdV-14 prototype strain(de Wit,AY803294),all three HAdV-14p1 subclades shared 99 specific nucleotide variations,including a six-nucleotide deletion in the knob domain of the fiber gene(nt751-756).The identification of subclade-specific variations and mutations unique to strain Chongqing2024-115 indicates ongoing microevolution within the HAdV-14p1 clade.Conclusions:Our results confirm that the contemporary HAdV-14p1 strain shares a common genetic ancestry with earlier Chinese subclade III strains.Considering the association between HAdV-14p1 and severe disease,sustained surveillance is essential to understand better its prevalence,evolution,and impact on public health in China.展开更多
Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)was reported in May 2,2008 to be the 38th legally notifiable disease in China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting and Surveillance System.In order to solve the infection,an ext...Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)was reported in May 2,2008 to be the 38th legally notifiable disease in China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting and Surveillance System.In order to solve the infection,an extensive three-level HFMD surveillance laboratory network was established.In this study,the framework of that network is assessed and the incidence of HFMD in China from 2008 to 2017 is reported using a descriptive epidemiologic method.During these 10 years,a series of techniques have been widely applied in all the network laboratories.Using information and material obtained from the network,a virus bank and database containing 18,238 viruses were established.Nationally,18,184,834 HFMD cases,including 152,436 severe cases and 3633 fatal cases,were reported in mainland of China.The average annual incidence in the population was 133.99/100,000 people,with a maximum incidence of 205.06/100,000 people in 2014.The incidence and mortality rates of HFMD were the highest in children aged 1–2 years.The numbers of reported cases fluctuated,with a high incidence observed every 2 years.An overall increase in the number of reported cases was also observed throughout the study period.Despite this,the incidence of severe cases and the mortality rate have been decreasing.High-risk regions are located in southern,eastern,and central China.Two peaks of HFMD infection cases were observed annually except for Northeast China.Different proportions of enterovirus serotypes were observed during the studied years.The predominant enterovirus varies from year to year,but the disease severity is always closely related to the specific serotype.EV-A71 is the dominant serotype associated with severe and fatal cases,with constituent ratios of 70.03%and 92.23%,respectively.The studied highly sensitive and efficient surveillance network provides information that is critical for prevention and control of the disease.It is extremely necessary and important to continuously conduct extensive virological surveillance for HFMD.展开更多
Introduction:A retrospective study based on sentinel surveillance was conducted in 10 provinciallevel administrative divisions(PLADs)in China to enhance the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of huma...Introduction:A retrospective study based on sentinel surveillance was conducted in 10 provinciallevel administrative divisions(PLADs)in China to enhance the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of human parainfluenza viruses(HPIVs).Methods:From January 2019 to June 2023,respiratory specimens were collected from individuals with acute respiratory infections(ARIs)and screened for four HPIVs serotypes and other common respiratory viruses using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).This study analyzed the association of HPIVs infections with seasonal patterns,geographical distribution,demographic profiles,clinical features,and co-infection status.Results:During the study period,a total of 12,866 ARIs were included.The overall detection rate of HPIVs was 6.15%,varying from 5.04%in 2022 to 9.70%in 2020.The median age of HPIVs-infected patients was 3 years.HPIV2 was more prevalent among individuals aged 5–17 years(42.57%),while HPIV4 was more common in those over 65 years(12.24%).HPIV3(54.16%)and HPIV1(27.18%)were the predominant serotypes,and their prevalence exhibited significant seasonal fluctuations postcoronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.The peak of HPIV3 shifted three months later in 2020 compared to 2019 and returned to a summer peak thereafter.Two peaks of HPIV1 were observed in 2021 following the peak of HPIV3.Additionally,coinfections were frequent in HPIVs cases(overall rate:22.12%),with human rhinovirus being the most common co-infecting virus.Conclusions:The prevalence of HPIVs in China was predominantly due to HPIV3 and HPIV1,and their seasonal patterns were altered by pandemic restrictions.Hence,continuous surveillance of HPIVs is essential.展开更多
Introduction:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has generated 2,431 variants over the course of its global transmission over the past 3 years.To better evaluate the genomic variation of SAR...Introduction:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has generated 2,431 variants over the course of its global transmission over the past 3 years.To better evaluate the genomic variation of SARS-CoV-2 before and after the optimization of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)prevention and control strategies,we analyzed the genetic evolution branch composition and genomic variation of SARS-CoV-2 in both domestic and imported cases in China(the data from Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan,China were not included)from September 26,2022 to January 29,2023.Methods:Analysis of the number of genome sequences,sampling time,dynamic changes of evolutionary branches,origin,and clinical typing of SARS-CoV-2 variants submitted by 31 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC)was conducted to assess the accuracy and timeliness of SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance.Results:From September 26,2022 to January 29,2023,20,013 valid genome sequences of domestic cases were reported in China,with 72 evolutionary branches.Additionally,1,978 valid genome sequences of imported cases were reported,with 169 evolutionary branches.The prevalence of the Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 in both domestic and imported cases was consistent with that of international epidemic variants.Conclusions:This study provides an overview of the prevalence of Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 in China.After optimizing COVID-19 prevention and control strategies,no novel Omicron variants of SARSCoV-2 with altered biological characteristics or public health significance have been identified since December 1,2022.展开更多
Introduction:This study examines the seasonal and genetic characteristics of human metapneumovirus(HMPV)in Henan from 2017 to 2023.Methods:Samples from patients with acute respiratory infection(ARI)testing positive fo...Introduction:This study examines the seasonal and genetic characteristics of human metapneumovirus(HMPV)in Henan from 2017 to 2023.Methods:Samples from patients with acute respiratory infection(ARI)testing positive for HMPV were subjected to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction The G gene was amplified and sequenced from these samples for epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis.Results:We enrolled 2,707 ARI patients from October 2017 to March 2023,finding an HMPV positivity rate of 6.17%(167/2,707).Children under five exhibited the highest infection rate at 7.78%(138/1,774).The 2018 and 2019 HMPV outbreaks predominantly occurred in spring(March to May),with peak positivity rates of 31.11%in May 2018 and 19.57%in May 2019.A notable increase occurred in November 2020,when positivity reached a historic high of 42.11%,continuing until January 2021.From February 2021 through March 2023,no significant seasonal peaks were observed,with rates ranging from 0%to 8.70%.Out of 81 G gene sequences analyzed,46.91%(38/81)were identified as subtype A(A2c:45.67%,37/81;A2b:1.23%,1/81)and 53.09%(43/81)as subtype B(B1:9.88%,8/81;B2:43.21%,35/81).Notably,an AAABBA switch pattern was observed in HMPV subtypes.The dominant strains were A2c111nt-dup in subtype A and B2 in subtype B.Conclusions:Six years of surveillance in Henan Province has detailed the seasonal and genetic dynamics of HMPV,contributing valuable insights for the control and prevention of HMPV infections in China.These findings support the development of targeted HMPV vaccines and immunization strategies.展开更多
Fever and rash illnesses(FRIs)are a series of common diseaseswith fever and rashes as clinicalmanifestations,most of which are caused by viral infection.The rashes of FRIs are generally nonspecific;therefore it is dif...Fever and rash illnesses(FRIs)are a series of common diseaseswith fever and rashes as clinicalmanifestations,most of which are caused by viral infection.The rashes of FRIs are generally nonspecific;therefore it is difficult to identify FRIassociated viruses solely based on clinical symptoms.To achieve rapid and accurate identification of FRI pathogens,a multiplex one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)assay was developed and evaluated in this study.Primers and probes were selected for the detection of measles virus(MeV),rubella virus(RV),human enterovirus(EV),varicella-zoster virus(VZV),dengue virus(DENV),human parvovirus B19(B19),Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),and human herpes virus 6(HHV-6),which cover the most common pathogenic viruses of FRIs.Detection of the eight FRI-associated viruses,which was divided into two groups/tubes,was simultaneously performed under universal optimized reaction conditions in multiplex one-step real-time RT-PCR assay.The multiplex realtime RT-PCR showed high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the eight FRI-associated viruses.The limits of detection(LODs)for the eight viruses were in the range of 47–177 copies/reaction,and no cross reactions for the eight FRIassociated viruses were found in the multiplex assay.In addition,the results of the multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay were consistent with the results of a monoplex real-time RT-PCR assay and sequencing for clinical specimens obtained from FRI patients.With its advantages of high efficiency and rapid and accurate diagnosis,multiplex real-time RT-PCR was very feasible for the early diagnosis of FRI pathogenic viruses and would be of great help for the proper treatment,monitoring,and initiation of preventive measures for FRI cases.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a global pandemic,while the profile of antibody response against the COVID-19 virus has not been well clarified.What is added by this...What is already known about this topic?Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a global pandemic,while the profile of antibody response against the COVID-19 virus has not been well clarified.What is added by this report?In this study,210 serum samples from 160 confirmed COVID-19 cases with different disease severities were recruited.The IgM,IgA,IgG,and neutralizing antibodies(NAb)against COVID-19 virus were determined.Our findings indicated that four antibodies could be detectable at low levels within 2 weeks of disease onset,then rapidly increasing and peaking from the 3^(rd) to 5^(th) Weeks.NAb decreased between 5^(th) and 9^(th) Weeks,and a higher IgM/IgA level was observed in the groups with mild/moderate severity within 2 weeks(p<0.05),while all 4 types of antibodies were higher in the group with severe/critical severity after 4 weeks(p<0.05).What are the implications for public health practice?Our study on the dynamics of serological antibody responses against COVID-19 virus among COVID-19 patients complements the recognition regarding the humoral immune response to COVID-19 virus infection.The findings will help in the interpretation of antibody detection results for COVID-19 patients and be beneficial for the evaluation of vaccination effects.展开更多
Rhinovirus(RV)is a common pathogen that causes respiratory tract infection and can cause outbreaks in hos-pitals and welfare institutions.A cluster of respiratory diseases occurred in a primary school in Shenyang City...Rhinovirus(RV)is a common pathogen that causes respiratory tract infection and can cause outbreaks in hos-pitals and welfare institutions.A cluster of respiratory diseases occurred in a primary school in Shenyang City,Liaoning Province,China,in 2022.In this outbreak,a total of 31 students had symptoms similar to those of upper respiratory tract infection,mainly cough and sore throat.Among them,27 throat swabs were collected and identified for respiratory pathogens by TaqMan low-density array(TLDA),quantitative real-time poly-merase chain reaction(PCR),reverse transcription-nested PCR and whole-genome sequencing.Out of the 27 specimens,24 tested positive for RV,and 21 RV viral protein 1 sequences were obtained,of which 15(71.43%)were identified as RV-A49,while 2 RV-A20 and 4 sequences from 2 specimens were RV-A30 coin-fected with RV-C15.In addition,one whole-genome sequence(WGS)of RV-A49 was obtained,and three unique amino acid mutations were found compared to 23 WGS of RV-A49 from GenBank.In conclusion,this outbreak of upper respiratory tract infection is caused by RV,mainly RV-A49.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2305303)and the Health and Wellness Sector Research Program of Gansu(GSWSON2021-010).
文摘Introduction:Recent sentinel surveillance has revealed a rising prevalence of human adenovirus type 21(HAdV-21)among HAdV infections in China.This study aimed to elucidate the molecular features of currently circulating HAdV-21 strains in China.Methods:Whole-genome sequencing(WGS)was performed on 23 HAdV-21 strains isolated from acute respiratory infection cases,56.5%involving lower respiratory tract infections,across 7 Chinese sentinel surveillance provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)(2023-2024).These sequences,along with 50 previously reported HAdV-21 genomes from 6 countries(1956-2019),were integrated into a WGS dataset for comprehensive phylogenetic,genetic variation,and recombination analyses.Results:WGS categorized the HAdV-21 strains into 3 subtypes:HAdV-21a,HAdV-21b,and historical HAdV-21p(isolated in the 1950s).HAdV-21a(1956-2024,involving 5 of the 6 countries)and HAdV-21b(2005-2024,involving 3 of the 6 countries)exhibited extensive spatiotemporal distributions.Recent Chinese strains(2023-2024)belonged to HAdV-21a and HAdV-21b(HAdV-21a/b),showing extremely high genetic homology with Chinese 2019 strains(genetic distance:0.00007)and global strains(distance:<0.00040).Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that HAdV-21a/b shared a common ancestor and maintained a highly conserved genome despite decades of circulation.Sequence variation analysis identified shared and subtype-specific mutations in these two subtypes.Recombination pattern analysis further revealed that HAdV-21a/b acquired an HAdV-3-derived fragment in the E4 region(breakpoint:nt32,843).Conclusions:Recombinant HAdV-21a/b subtypes have co-circulated in China in recent years with remarkable genetic conservation.Enhanced surveillance is essential to quantify associated disease burden and guide targeted prevention and control strategies.
基金supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of the National Ministry of Science(Grant numbers 2018ZX10713001 and 2018ZX10713002).
文摘Human bocavirus(HBoV)is a common respiratory virus among patients with acute respiratory infection(ARI).To investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of HBoV,clinical specimens from 13,109 ARI patients were collected through active surveillance from 12 provinces of China during 2012-2021.Extracted nucleic acid was screened and the viral protein 1(VP1)gene was directly amplified and sequenced in HBoV-positive specimens.3.51%of patients were HBoV-positive,with children under 5 years old accounting for 93.48%of cases.HBoV detection rate increased from 2.35%in 2012-2019 to 5.38%in 2020 and 7.68%in 2021,with a pronounced increase in children aged 2-4 years and in Southern China.The age group with the highest detection rate shifted from infants under 2 years in 2012-2019 to children aged 2-4 years in 2020-2021.The proportion of HBoV co-detections increased significantly in 2020-2021,from 43.98%to over 60.00%.All HBoV cases were identified as HBoV-1 with 165 full length sequences of VP1 gene obtained.No temporal or geographic clustering was observed.The VP1 gene evolved at a rate of 7.99×10^(−5)substitutions/site per year,withω-value less than 1,indicating that the VP1 protein was under negative selection pressure.Multiple antigen-associated amino acid mutations and positive selection sites were found in the VP1 protein.In conclusion,HBoV1 remains a major cause of pediatric ARI in China,but its epidemic pattern exhibited dynamic shifts during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,while the viral genetic evolution remained relatively stable.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2305303).
文摘To better understand the epidemiological characteristics of human adenovirus(HAdv)infections in China during and after the coronavirus disease 2019(COvVID-19)pandemic,respiratory specimens were collected from 17,562 enrolled patients with acute respiratory infections(ARIs)in 14 sentinel surveillance provinces during 2020-2023.Eight common respiratory viruses were detected using commercially available nucleic acid detection kits.HAdV-positive cases were statistically analyzed for detection rates,geographic distribution,seasonal patterns,demographic characteristics,and co-infection status.The results of this study showed that the overall HAdV detection rate was 5.09%(894/17,562)during 2020-2023,with a gradual decrease in the annual detection rate from 6.66%in 2020 to 3.89%in 2022 and a rebound in 2023(5.19%).The overall HAdV detection rate was significantly higher in the southern region(6.15%)than in the northern region(4.76%)(P<0.001).The median age of patients with HAdv infection was 3 years,with infants aged 0-2 years accounting for the majority(41.39%).HAdV-positive cases were detected throughout the year,with no clear seasonal pattern,and the HAdV epidemic in China during 2020-2023 may have been driven primarily by the virus infection in the southern region.Co-infections were frequent in HAdV-positive cases(overall rate:36.01%),primarily consisting of dual infections(79.28%),with human rhinovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus being the most common coinfecting pathogens.In conclusion,this study suggested the significant regional and temporal variation in HAdV detection rate in China during 2020-2023,and thus ongoing surveillance should be conducted to elucidate the epidemiological dynamics of HAdV infections.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2305303).
文摘Introduction:Human adenovirus type 14 variant p1(HAdV-14p1)has been associated with severe respiratory infections worldwide.However,no cases of HAdV-14p1 infection have been reported in China since 2019.HAdV-14 was unexpectedly identified in 2024 in a pediatric patient hospitalized with bronchopneumonia in Chongqing,China.This study aims to elucidate the genetic characteristics of this strain and determine its phylogenetic relationship with previously circulating domestic and international strains.Methods:Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the HAdV-14 strain Chongqing2024-115,followed by comprehensive phylogenetic and genetic variation analyses using all publicly available global HAdV-14 genome sequences from the GenBank database.Results:Genome-based phylogenetic analysis classified global HAdV-14 strains into two wellsupported clades:the HAdV-14 prototype clade and the variant HAdV-14p1 clade.The latter was further subdivided into three distinct subclades(I-III).Chongqing2024-115 clustered closely with earlier HAdV-14p1 subclade III and isolates from Beijing(2012)and Gansu(2013),showing high sequence identity(99.7%-99.9%).Compared with the genome of the HAdV-14 prototype strain(de Wit,AY803294),all three HAdV-14p1 subclades shared 99 specific nucleotide variations,including a six-nucleotide deletion in the knob domain of the fiber gene(nt751-756).The identification of subclade-specific variations and mutations unique to strain Chongqing2024-115 indicates ongoing microevolution within the HAdV-14p1 clade.Conclusions:Our results confirm that the contemporary HAdV-14p1 strain shares a common genetic ancestry with earlier Chinese subclade III strains.Considering the association between HAdV-14p1 and severe disease,sustained surveillance is essential to understand better its prevalence,evolution,and impact on public health in China.
基金supported by grants from the Key Technologies Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology(grant numbers:2018ZX10713002,2017ZX10104001,and 2018ZX10713001-003).
文摘Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)was reported in May 2,2008 to be the 38th legally notifiable disease in China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting and Surveillance System.In order to solve the infection,an extensive three-level HFMD surveillance laboratory network was established.In this study,the framework of that network is assessed and the incidence of HFMD in China from 2008 to 2017 is reported using a descriptive epidemiologic method.During these 10 years,a series of techniques have been widely applied in all the network laboratories.Using information and material obtained from the network,a virus bank and database containing 18,238 viruses were established.Nationally,18,184,834 HFMD cases,including 152,436 severe cases and 3633 fatal cases,were reported in mainland of China.The average annual incidence in the population was 133.99/100,000 people,with a maximum incidence of 205.06/100,000 people in 2014.The incidence and mortality rates of HFMD were the highest in children aged 1–2 years.The numbers of reported cases fluctuated,with a high incidence observed every 2 years.An overall increase in the number of reported cases was also observed throughout the study period.Despite this,the incidence of severe cases and the mortality rate have been decreasing.High-risk regions are located in southern,eastern,and central China.Two peaks of HFMD infection cases were observed annually except for Northeast China.Different proportions of enterovirus serotypes were observed during the studied years.The predominant enterovirus varies from year to year,but the disease severity is always closely related to the specific serotype.EV-A71 is the dominant serotype associated with severe and fatal cases,with constituent ratios of 70.03%and 92.23%,respectively.The studied highly sensitive and efficient surveillance network provides information that is critical for prevention and control of the disease.It is extremely necessary and important to continuously conduct extensive virological surveillance for HFMD.
基金Supported by the National Health Commission Major Public Health Project(ZDGW21-131031103000180005).
文摘Introduction:A retrospective study based on sentinel surveillance was conducted in 10 provinciallevel administrative divisions(PLADs)in China to enhance the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of human parainfluenza viruses(HPIVs).Methods:From January 2019 to June 2023,respiratory specimens were collected from individuals with acute respiratory infections(ARIs)and screened for four HPIVs serotypes and other common respiratory viruses using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).This study analyzed the association of HPIVs infections with seasonal patterns,geographical distribution,demographic profiles,clinical features,and co-infection status.Results:During the study period,a total of 12,866 ARIs were included.The overall detection rate of HPIVs was 6.15%,varying from 5.04%in 2022 to 9.70%in 2020.The median age of HPIVs-infected patients was 3 years.HPIV2 was more prevalent among individuals aged 5–17 years(42.57%),while HPIV4 was more common in those over 65 years(12.24%).HPIV3(54.16%)and HPIV1(27.18%)were the predominant serotypes,and their prevalence exhibited significant seasonal fluctuations postcoronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.The peak of HPIV3 shifted three months later in 2020 compared to 2019 and returned to a summer peak thereafter.Two peaks of HPIV1 were observed in 2021 following the peak of HPIV3.Additionally,coinfections were frequent in HPIVs cases(overall rate:22.12%),with human rhinovirus being the most common co-infecting virus.Conclusions:The prevalence of HPIVs in China was predominantly due to HPIV3 and HPIV1,and their seasonal patterns were altered by pandemic restrictions.Hence,continuous surveillance of HPIVs is essential.
文摘Introduction:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has generated 2,431 variants over the course of its global transmission over the past 3 years.To better evaluate the genomic variation of SARS-CoV-2 before and after the optimization of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)prevention and control strategies,we analyzed the genetic evolution branch composition and genomic variation of SARS-CoV-2 in both domestic and imported cases in China(the data from Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan,China were not included)from September 26,2022 to January 29,2023.Methods:Analysis of the number of genome sequences,sampling time,dynamic changes of evolutionary branches,origin,and clinical typing of SARS-CoV-2 variants submitted by 31 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC)was conducted to assess the accuracy and timeliness of SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance.Results:From September 26,2022 to January 29,2023,20,013 valid genome sequences of domestic cases were reported in China,with 72 evolutionary branches.Additionally,1,978 valid genome sequences of imported cases were reported,with 169 evolutionary branches.The prevalence of the Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 in both domestic and imported cases was consistent with that of international epidemic variants.Conclusions:This study provides an overview of the prevalence of Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 in China.After optimizing COVID-19 prevention and control strategies,no novel Omicron variants of SARSCoV-2 with altered biological characteristics or public health significance have been identified since December 1,2022.
基金Supported by the National Health Commission Major Public Health Project(ZDGWXFTF23-04).
文摘Introduction:This study examines the seasonal and genetic characteristics of human metapneumovirus(HMPV)in Henan from 2017 to 2023.Methods:Samples from patients with acute respiratory infection(ARI)testing positive for HMPV were subjected to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction The G gene was amplified and sequenced from these samples for epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis.Results:We enrolled 2,707 ARI patients from October 2017 to March 2023,finding an HMPV positivity rate of 6.17%(167/2,707).Children under five exhibited the highest infection rate at 7.78%(138/1,774).The 2018 and 2019 HMPV outbreaks predominantly occurred in spring(March to May),with peak positivity rates of 31.11%in May 2018 and 19.57%in May 2019.A notable increase occurred in November 2020,when positivity reached a historic high of 42.11%,continuing until January 2021.From February 2021 through March 2023,no significant seasonal peaks were observed,with rates ranging from 0%to 8.70%.Out of 81 G gene sequences analyzed,46.91%(38/81)were identified as subtype A(A2c:45.67%,37/81;A2b:1.23%,1/81)and 53.09%(43/81)as subtype B(B1:9.88%,8/81;B2:43.21%,35/81).Notably,an AAABBA switch pattern was observed in HMPV subtypes.The dominant strains were A2c111nt-dup in subtype A and B2 in subtype B.Conclusions:Six years of surveillance in Henan Province has detailed the seasonal and genetic dynamics of HMPV,contributing valuable insights for the control and prevention of HMPV infections in China.These findings support the development of targeted HMPV vaccines and immunization strategies.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of the National Ministry of Science[grant numbers 2018ZX10711001,2018ZX10713002,2018ZX10713001-003,and 2017ZX10104001-002].
文摘Fever and rash illnesses(FRIs)are a series of common diseaseswith fever and rashes as clinicalmanifestations,most of which are caused by viral infection.The rashes of FRIs are generally nonspecific;therefore it is difficult to identify FRIassociated viruses solely based on clinical symptoms.To achieve rapid and accurate identification of FRI pathogens,a multiplex one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)assay was developed and evaluated in this study.Primers and probes were selected for the detection of measles virus(MeV),rubella virus(RV),human enterovirus(EV),varicella-zoster virus(VZV),dengue virus(DENV),human parvovirus B19(B19),Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),and human herpes virus 6(HHV-6),which cover the most common pathogenic viruses of FRIs.Detection of the eight FRI-associated viruses,which was divided into two groups/tubes,was simultaneously performed under universal optimized reaction conditions in multiplex one-step real-time RT-PCR assay.The multiplex realtime RT-PCR showed high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the eight FRI-associated viruses.The limits of detection(LODs)for the eight viruses were in the range of 47–177 copies/reaction,and no cross reactions for the eight FRIassociated viruses were found in the multiplex assay.In addition,the results of the multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay were consistent with the results of a monoplex real-time RT-PCR assay and sequencing for clinical specimens obtained from FRI patients.With its advantages of high efficiency and rapid and accurate diagnosis,multiplex real-time RT-PCR was very feasible for the early diagnosis of FRI pathogenic viruses and would be of great help for the proper treatment,monitoring,and initiation of preventive measures for FRI cases.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of the National Ministry of Science(2018ZX10713002 and 2018ZX10713001-003).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a global pandemic,while the profile of antibody response against the COVID-19 virus has not been well clarified.What is added by this report?In this study,210 serum samples from 160 confirmed COVID-19 cases with different disease severities were recruited.The IgM,IgA,IgG,and neutralizing antibodies(NAb)against COVID-19 virus were determined.Our findings indicated that four antibodies could be detectable at low levels within 2 weeks of disease onset,then rapidly increasing and peaking from the 3^(rd) to 5^(th) Weeks.NAb decreased between 5^(th) and 9^(th) Weeks,and a higher IgM/IgA level was observed in the groups with mild/moderate severity within 2 weeks(p<0.05),while all 4 types of antibodies were higher in the group with severe/critical severity after 4 weeks(p<0.05).What are the implications for public health practice?Our study on the dynamics of serological antibody responses against COVID-19 virus among COVID-19 patients complements the recognition regarding the humoral immune response to COVID-19 virus infection.The findings will help in the interpretation of antibody detection results for COVID-19 patients and be beneficial for the evaluation of vaccination effects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2704904).
文摘Rhinovirus(RV)is a common pathogen that causes respiratory tract infection and can cause outbreaks in hos-pitals and welfare institutions.A cluster of respiratory diseases occurred in a primary school in Shenyang City,Liaoning Province,China,in 2022.In this outbreak,a total of 31 students had symptoms similar to those of upper respiratory tract infection,mainly cough and sore throat.Among them,27 throat swabs were collected and identified for respiratory pathogens by TaqMan low-density array(TLDA),quantitative real-time poly-merase chain reaction(PCR),reverse transcription-nested PCR and whole-genome sequencing.Out of the 27 specimens,24 tested positive for RV,and 21 RV viral protein 1 sequences were obtained,of which 15(71.43%)were identified as RV-A49,while 2 RV-A20 and 4 sequences from 2 specimens were RV-A30 coin-fected with RV-C15.In addition,one whole-genome sequence(WGS)of RV-A49 was obtained,and three unique amino acid mutations were found compared to 23 WGS of RV-A49 from GenBank.In conclusion,this outbreak of upper respiratory tract infection is caused by RV,mainly RV-A49.
