Cerebral ischemia is one of the most common diseases resulting in death and disability in aged people. It leads immediately to rapid energy failure, ATP depletion, and ionic imbalance, which increase extracellular ATP...Cerebral ischemia is one of the most common diseases resulting in death and disability in aged people. It leads immediately to rapid energy failure, ATP depletion, and ionic imbalance, which increase extracellular ATP levels and accordingly activate P2X7 receptors. These receptors are ATP-gated cation channels and widely distributed in nerve cells, especially in the immunocompetent cells of the brain. Currently, interest in the roles of P2Xz receptors in ischemic brain injury is growing. In this review, we discuss recent research progress on the actions of P2X7 receptors, their possible mechanisms in cerebral ischemia, and the potential therapeutic value of P2X7 receptor antagonists which may provide a new target both for clinical and for research purposes.展开更多
To the Editor:Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, accounting for the majority of cases of dementia. The global prevalence of AD is rising, representing an increasing challenge for old...To the Editor:Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, accounting for the majority of cases of dementia. The global prevalence of AD is rising, representing an increasing challenge for older individuals and their families.[1] Seven out of every ten patients with AD receive informal care at home, relying on co-resident family members, especially spouses.[2] However, cultural differences exist in the effects of the disorder. For example, Chinese caregivers of patients with dementia had higher scores on measures of depression and caregiver burden compared with caregivers of patients with dementia in Western societies.[3] It is important to consider that AD not only affects the patient but also their caregivers, particularly spousal caregivers who spend more than half their time with the patient.[4] As AD progresses, patients become increasingly dependent on caregivers. Meanwhile, there is an increasingly heavy caregiver burden, characterized as the physical, psychological, or emotional, social, and financial problems experienced by family members who care for impaired older adults.[5] Additionally, it is frequently reported that sleep disturbance symptoms are associated with health consequences among AD caregivers.[6]展开更多
Just-in-time(JIT)part feeding is adopted by more and more automobile producers.Based on this part feeding policy,vehicles perform their assigned routes cyclically and provide stations with the exact quantity of parts ...Just-in-time(JIT)part feeding is adopted by more and more automobile producers.Based on this part feeding policy,vehicles perform their assigned routes cyclically and provide stations with the exact quantity of parts required until the next arrival of the vehicle.However,if there are uncertain travel times,a shortage of materials in stations will be caused.In this paper,the JIT part feeding optimization problem under travel time uncertainty is studied.The uncertain travel time is represented by the interval number according to the actual situation.To minimize the largest possible vehicle trip time,the optimization model is developed based on robust optimization.In the model,a route-dependent uncertain parameter is introduced.Through this model,the route of each vehicle and the parts load needed to be delivered by the vehicle can be calculated.A hybrid simulated annealing algorithm is designed to solve this model.The parts feeding planning for an engine assembly line is taken as an example.By the Monte Carlo simulation,the relationship between the line stoppage probability and the uncertain parameter is studied to obtain the final solution.The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by this case study.展开更多
One of the key challenges for question answering is to bridge the lexical gap between questions and answers because there may not be any matching word between them. Machine translation models have been shown to boost ...One of the key challenges for question answering is to bridge the lexical gap between questions and answers because there may not be any matching word between them. Machine translation models have been shown to boost the performance of solving the lexical gap problem between question-answer pairs. In this paper, we introduce an attention-based deep learning model to address the answer selection task for question answering. The proposed model employs a bidirectional long short-term memory （LSTM） encoder-decoder, which has been demonstrated to be effective on machine translation tasks to bridge the lexical gap between questions and answers. Our model also uses a step attention mechanism which allows the question to focus on a certain part of the candidate answer. Finally, we evaluate our model using a benchmark dataset and the results show that our approach outperforms the existing approaches. Integrating our model significantly improves the performance of our question answering system in the TREC 2015 LiveQA task.展开更多
Objective: With the development of the society, the number of people who catch the nephrotic syndrome(NS) is going up roughly. As we all know, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), especially Fangji Huangqi Decoction(FHD...Objective: With the development of the society, the number of people who catch the nephrotic syndrome(NS) is going up roughly. As we all know, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), especially Fangji Huangqi Decoction(FHD), has a long history with good curative effects on NS. However, the mechanism of FHD treating NS has not been clearly elucidated.Methods: In this study, TCMSP platform was employed to screen active compounds of each herb of Fangji Huangqi Decoction combined with literatures. Furthermore, PharmMapper and SEA were used to predict and screen the active targets of FHD, and the HOME-NCBI-GENE, GeneCards and OMIM database were used to screen the active targets of NS. The GO and KEGG pathways involved in the targets were analyzed by Clue GO. Finally, contribution index was used to screen the active ingredients of FHD in the treatment of NS.Results: After drug-likeness(DL) and bioavailability(OB) filtering, 43 compounds were selected from FHD,interacting with 85 NS-related targets. Systematic analysis of the constructed networks revealed that it was mainly involved in PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. The contribution index of every active ingredient also indicated five compounds, including astragaloside IV, quercetin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhizin and fangchinoline.Conclusions: These results have successfully predicted the pharmacodynamic material basis and the mechanism efficiency of FHD in the treatment of NS.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China (201202050)
文摘Cerebral ischemia is one of the most common diseases resulting in death and disability in aged people. It leads immediately to rapid energy failure, ATP depletion, and ionic imbalance, which increase extracellular ATP levels and accordingly activate P2X7 receptors. These receptors are ATP-gated cation channels and widely distributed in nerve cells, especially in the immunocompetent cells of the brain. Currently, interest in the roles of P2Xz receptors in ischemic brain injury is growing. In this review, we discuss recent research progress on the actions of P2X7 receptors, their possible mechanisms in cerebral ischemia, and the potential therapeutic value of P2X7 receptor antagonists which may provide a new target both for clinical and for research purposes.
基金This work was supported by the General science and technology project of Zhejiang Provincial Administration of traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2015ZA048)the Medical Science and Technology Project co-founded by Zhejiang Province and Health Ministry of China(2016152769)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC1306402,No.2015BAI13B01),respectively.
文摘To the Editor:Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, accounting for the majority of cases of dementia. The global prevalence of AD is rising, representing an increasing challenge for older individuals and their families.[1] Seven out of every ten patients with AD receive informal care at home, relying on co-resident family members, especially spouses.[2] However, cultural differences exist in the effects of the disorder. For example, Chinese caregivers of patients with dementia had higher scores on measures of depression and caregiver burden compared with caregivers of patients with dementia in Western societies.[3] It is important to consider that AD not only affects the patient but also their caregivers, particularly spousal caregivers who spend more than half their time with the patient.[4] As AD progresses, patients become increasingly dependent on caregivers. Meanwhile, there is an increasingly heavy caregiver burden, characterized as the physical, psychological, or emotional, social, and financial problems experienced by family members who care for impaired older adults.[5] Additionally, it is frequently reported that sleep disturbance symptoms are associated with health consequences among AD caregivers.[6]
基金This research received no external funding.This research is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB1301600)。
文摘Just-in-time(JIT)part feeding is adopted by more and more automobile producers.Based on this part feeding policy,vehicles perform their assigned routes cyclically and provide stations with the exact quantity of parts required until the next arrival of the vehicle.However,if there are uncertain travel times,a shortage of materials in stations will be caused.In this paper,the JIT part feeding optimization problem under travel time uncertainty is studied.The uncertain travel time is represented by the interval number according to the actual situation.To minimize the largest possible vehicle trip time,the optimization model is developed based on robust optimization.In the model,a route-dependent uncertain parameter is introduced.Through this model,the route of each vehicle and the parts load needed to be delivered by the vehicle can be calculated.A hybrid simulated annealing algorithm is designed to solve this model.The parts feeding planning for an engine assembly line is taken as an example.By the Monte Carlo simulation,the relationship between the line stoppage probability and the uncertain parameter is studied to obtain the final solution.The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by this case study.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program （973） of China （Nos. 2013CB329601 and 2013CB329604） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 61372191, 61202362, and 61472433）
文摘One of the key challenges for question answering is to bridge the lexical gap between questions and answers because there may not be any matching word between them. Machine translation models have been shown to boost the performance of solving the lexical gap problem between question-answer pairs. In this paper, we introduce an attention-based deep learning model to address the answer selection task for question answering. The proposed model employs a bidirectional long short-term memory （LSTM） encoder-decoder, which has been demonstrated to be effective on machine translation tasks to bridge the lexical gap between questions and answers. Our model also uses a step attention mechanism which allows the question to focus on a certain part of the candidate answer. Finally, we evaluate our model using a benchmark dataset and the results show that our approach outperforms the existing approaches. Integrating our model significantly improves the performance of our question answering system in the TREC 2015 LiveQA task.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31570346 and No. 31770362)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (2017-017)+1 种基金Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province (201605D111004)Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shanxi Province (201605D131045-18)
文摘Objective: With the development of the society, the number of people who catch the nephrotic syndrome(NS) is going up roughly. As we all know, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), especially Fangji Huangqi Decoction(FHD), has a long history with good curative effects on NS. However, the mechanism of FHD treating NS has not been clearly elucidated.Methods: In this study, TCMSP platform was employed to screen active compounds of each herb of Fangji Huangqi Decoction combined with literatures. Furthermore, PharmMapper and SEA were used to predict and screen the active targets of FHD, and the HOME-NCBI-GENE, GeneCards and OMIM database were used to screen the active targets of NS. The GO and KEGG pathways involved in the targets were analyzed by Clue GO. Finally, contribution index was used to screen the active ingredients of FHD in the treatment of NS.Results: After drug-likeness(DL) and bioavailability(OB) filtering, 43 compounds were selected from FHD,interacting with 85 NS-related targets. Systematic analysis of the constructed networks revealed that it was mainly involved in PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. The contribution index of every active ingredient also indicated five compounds, including astragaloside IV, quercetin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhizin and fangchinoline.Conclusions: These results have successfully predicted the pharmacodynamic material basis and the mechanism efficiency of FHD in the treatment of NS.
