The coordination of floral developmental stages with the environment is important for reproductive success and optimization of crop yields.The timing of different developmental stages contributes to final yield potent...The coordination of floral developmental stages with the environment is important for reproductive success and optimization of crop yields.The timing of different developmental stages contributes to final yield potential,with optimal adaptation enabling development to proceed without being impacted by seasonal weather events,including frosts or end-of-season drought.Here,we characterize the role of FLOWERING LOCUS T 3(FT3)in hexaploid bread wheat(Triticum aestivum)during the early stages of floral development.By assaying the genetic diversity of landraces and modern wheat varieties,we identified a distribution of alleles for FT3 that indicated selection in modern varieties.We generated transgenic overexpression lines and found that FT3 is as powerful a florigen as FT1,which suggested that FT3 is under tight regulation.To investigate this possibility,we measured FT3 expression under variable environmental conditions and identified a role for both temperature and photoperiod in FT3 regulation.Gene expression analysis showed that FT3 transcription is partly coordinated by a temperature-sensitive pathway consisting of a TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1–CYCLOIDEA–PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR(TCP)transcription factor and a warm-temperature-responsive microRNA.We show that this regulation is important for the timing of floral development under short days combined with lower ambient temperatures and that there has been strong selection on FT3 during cultivation.Deploying this understanding to enable targeted combinations of alleles involved in adaptation will further our ability to develop climate-change-robust cultivars.展开更多
Modifications of inflorescence architecture have been crucial for the successful domestication of wheat and barley, which are central members of the Triticeae tribe that provide essential grains for the human diet. In...Modifications of inflorescence architecture have been crucial for the successful domestication of wheat and barley, which are central members of the Triticeae tribe that provide essential grains for the human diet. Investigation of the genes and alleles that underpin domestication-related traits has provided valuable insights into the molecular regulation of inflorescence development of the Triticeae, and further investigation of modified forms of architecture are proving to be equally fruitful.The identified genes are involved in diverse biological processes, including transcriptional regulation, hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation, which alter inflorescence architecture by modifying the development and fertility of lateral organs, called spikelets and florets. Recent advances in sequencing capabilities and the generation of mutant populations are accelerating the identification of genes that influence inflorescence development, which is important given that genetic variation for this trait promises to be a valuable resource for optimizing grain production. This review assesses recent advances in our understanding of the genes controlling inflorescence development in wheat and barley, with the aim of highlighting the importance of improvements in developmental biology for optimizing the agronomic performance of staple crop plants.展开更多
基金supported through funding to L.D.via a UKRI FLF MR/S031677/1,Rank Prize Funds New Lecturer Award,and start-up funds from the University of LeedsA Molecules to Landscapes grant from BBSRC supported H.T.S.G.+2 种基金supported by BBSRC ISP“BBSRC Strategic Programme in Designing Future Wheat(DFW)”(BB/P016855/1)supported by BBSRC ISP“BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme:Delivering Sustainable Wheat(DSW)”(BB/X011003/1)supported by the the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1000100 and 2023YFA0914600).
文摘The coordination of floral developmental stages with the environment is important for reproductive success and optimization of crop yields.The timing of different developmental stages contributes to final yield potential,with optimal adaptation enabling development to proceed without being impacted by seasonal weather events,including frosts or end-of-season drought.Here,we characterize the role of FLOWERING LOCUS T 3(FT3)in hexaploid bread wheat(Triticum aestivum)during the early stages of floral development.By assaying the genetic diversity of landraces and modern wheat varieties,we identified a distribution of alleles for FT3 that indicated selection in modern varieties.We generated transgenic overexpression lines and found that FT3 is as powerful a florigen as FT1,which suggested that FT3 is under tight regulation.To investigate this possibility,we measured FT3 expression under variable environmental conditions and identified a role for both temperature and photoperiod in FT3 regulation.Gene expression analysis showed that FT3 transcription is partly coordinated by a temperature-sensitive pathway consisting of a TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1–CYCLOIDEA–PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR(TCP)transcription factor and a warm-temperature-responsive microRNA.We show that this regulation is important for the timing of floral development under short days combined with lower ambient temperatures and that there has been strong selection on FT3 during cultivation.Deploying this understanding to enable targeted combinations of alleles involved in adaptation will further our ability to develop climate-change-robust cultivars.
基金the BBSRC (BBS/E/J/000PR9779 BBS/ E/J/000PR9787+2 种基金 BB/P016855/1)the Royal Society (UF150081)the International Wheat Yield Partnership for supporting our research
文摘Modifications of inflorescence architecture have been crucial for the successful domestication of wheat and barley, which are central members of the Triticeae tribe that provide essential grains for the human diet. Investigation of the genes and alleles that underpin domestication-related traits has provided valuable insights into the molecular regulation of inflorescence development of the Triticeae, and further investigation of modified forms of architecture are proving to be equally fruitful.The identified genes are involved in diverse biological processes, including transcriptional regulation, hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation, which alter inflorescence architecture by modifying the development and fertility of lateral organs, called spikelets and florets. Recent advances in sequencing capabilities and the generation of mutant populations are accelerating the identification of genes that influence inflorescence development, which is important given that genetic variation for this trait promises to be a valuable resource for optimizing grain production. This review assesses recent advances in our understanding of the genes controlling inflorescence development in wheat and barley, with the aim of highlighting the importance of improvements in developmental biology for optimizing the agronomic performance of staple crop plants.
