Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS) is an important human bacterial pathogen. This organism possesses many virulence factors, Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxinone of these. Aim: Detection of...Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS) is an important human bacterial pathogen. This organism possesses many virulence factors, Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxinone of these. Aim: Detection of Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin SpeA and SpeB in isolated Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods: Tow hundred throat swab samples were collected from children with pharyngitis referred to Pediatric Teaching hospital and ENT hospital Wad medani, Sudan, from January to November 2021. The questionnaire was filled out to collect clinical and demographic data. Throat swabs were collected and processed with the standard microbiological procedure to isolate Streptococcus pyogenes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on all GAS isolates using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Detection of Spy 1258 gene and Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins SpeA and SpeB were done by using Multiplex PCR. Results: Amongst the Tow hundred collected samples fifty-one isolates (25.5%) were identified as S. pyogenes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all the GAS isolates were sensitive to Azithromycin and Penicillin. Sensitivity to Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin and Cephalexin were 88.2%, 86.3%, 45.1%, 41.2%, 13.7%, respectively. SpeA was detected in 17 (33.3%) and SpeB in 48 (94.1%). Conclusion: Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin genes SpeA and SpeB were detected in 17 (33.3%) and 48 (94.1%) respectively of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates.展开更多
Background: The characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus that made it the most important cause of wound infections are environmental spread antimicrobials resistance and virulence. Absence of molecular detection of dr...Background: The characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus that made it the most important cause of wound infections are environmental spread antimicrobials resistance and virulence. Absence of molecular detection of drug resistance and virulence factors in many developing countries limits the epidemiological information. This study conducted to identify PVL virulence gene, and blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 drug resistance genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from surgical-sites infections (SSIs) and traumatic wounds. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2021, in which 70 cefepime resistant Staphylococcus aureus were used, the strains were isolated from patients of SSIs and traumatic wounds admitted to the department of General Surgery in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital. Mannitol salt agar was used for primary culture followed by biochemical identification and Kirby Bauer susceptibility testing. Single and multiplex PCR protocols performed for bacterial confirmation and target genes detection. Results: Staphylococcus aureus strains from SSIs constituted 56% (39/70) from which 41% (16/39) possessed PVL gene while 42% (13/31) of wound infections strains were positive for PVL gene. Presence of PVL gene was significantly associated with resistance to meropenem (P. value 0.023) and ceftriaxone (P. value 0.037). blaOXA-23 was significantly detected with resistance to meropenem, augmentin and ceftriaxone. While blaOXA-51 was significantly identified among Staphylococcus aureus strains that showed resistance to meropenem and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: This is the first study in Sudan that identified blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 in Staphylococcus aureus and correlated them to resistance to commonly used antimicrobials. Meropenem resistant Staphylococcus aureus were significantly positive for PVL, blaOXA-23 and baOXA-51 genes.展开更多
Background: Urosepsis is one of the most common infections that require empirical broad spectrum antibiotics immediately after diagnosis. This has led to development of bacterial resistance by acquiring the capability...Background: Urosepsis is one of the most common infections that require empirical broad spectrum antibiotics immediately after diagnosis. This has led to development of bacterial resistance by acquiring the capability to destroy the β-lactam ring. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at Gezira Hospital for Renal diseases and surgery (GHRDS). A hundred patients were diagnosed clinically with urosepsis and the isolated organisms were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The susceptibility test was conducted by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Seventy eight samples of bacterial genomic DNA were confirmed by 16srRNA and multiplex PCR, were performed for genotypic blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 gene characterization of isolated bacteria. Then gel electrophoresis was used to identify the presence or absence of (blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23) genes. Results: 88.5% (69/78) in 16srRNA detected. Using multiplex PCR, the frequencies of blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes were 13% and 10.1%, respectively. The percentages of isolates which yielded both blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 among P. aeruginosa was 25% (1/4), among K. pneumonia was 17% (1/6), and among E. coli was 8% (3/37). Only blaOXA-51 was detected in P. mirabilis 10% (1/10) and only blaOXA-23 was detected in S. aureus 5% (1/18). Conclusion: In this study, the presence of blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes was increased in the isolated bacteria.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori is the microbial agent most responsible for gastro-duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis, which can develop into carcinoma of the stomach. This study was performed in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital, S...Helicobacter pylori is the microbial agent most responsible for gastro-duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis, which can develop into carcinoma of the stomach. This study was performed in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital, Sudan to detect Helicobacter pylori in stomach samples, and evaluate the performance of the tests used, which were histological stains and PCR. Gastric biopsies were obtained from 105 referred patients during endoscopy, and fixed specimens examined by haematoxylin-eosin and Warthin-Starry silver stains, while DNA was extracted for glmM gene amplification. Epigastric pain was the most common symptom at 78% (82/105) and chronic gastritis recorded with 71% (68/105) of endoscopy results. Warthin-Starry silver stain gave 31% (33/105) as positive for Helicobacter pylori followed by glmM gene 27% (28/105) and haematoxylin-eosin 24% (25/105). The study indicated good performance of histological staining and high specificity of glmM gene in detection of Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies.展开更多
Background: Prevention against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) includes natural resistance in the population;mainly frequency of cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor type-5 (CCR5-delta 32 mutation). By knowing the ...Background: Prevention against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) includes natural resistance in the population;mainly frequency of cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor type-5 (CCR5-delta 32 mutation). By knowing the frequency of this resistance in the community, the proportion of the population susceptible to infection can be determined. This study aimed to detect for the first time the rate of CCR5-delta 32 mutation in Sudanese individuals with HIV and sex workers. Methods: Cross-sectional study was followed in the parade from 2019 through 2021, study groups were Sudanese with HIV and sex workers. Sero-negativity of sex workers was confirmed by a rapid immunochromatography test (ICT). A blood sample was targeted for DNA isolation. PCR amplification was accomplished for CCR5 wild type and CCR5-delta 32 mutation genes using specific primers. Result: Among HIV patients, males, basic education level and ages below 60 years were commonly recorded while ages below 40 years, secondary education level and single marital status were predominated in sex workers. All HIV patients were positive for CCR5 wild type and negative for CCR5-delta 32 genotype. The sex workers group showed a frequency of 3.5% (97/200) for homozygous CCR5-delta 32 mutation. Conclusion: The rating of homozygous CCR5-delta 32 genotype in studied Sudanese sex workers was relatively more than other results obtained from African countries, and the mutation was significantly detected among sex workers group (P value = 0.008) when compared to the studied HIV group.展开更多
The study was aimed to investigate the pathological changes of condemned lungs of dromedary camels in the Sudan abattoirs using conventional H & E and Zeihl Neelson (ZN) staining procedures. Proliferative granulom...The study was aimed to investigate the pathological changes of condemned lungs of dromedary camels in the Sudan abattoirs using conventional H & E and Zeihl Neelson (ZN) staining procedures. Proliferative granulomatous reaction was demonstrated in one H & E stained lung section which was characterized by focal fibrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells resembled to tuberculous lesions. While ZN stained sections demonstrated acid fast rod in one pulmonary associated lymph node. These lesions were evidenced presence of tuberculous mycobacteria in camel tissues and recommended further deep investigation of tuberculosis among camels in the Sudan.展开更多
Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) is an important Gram-positive human pathogen affected the upper respiratory tract, such as the tonsils and pharynx, and is also induces post-infection disease...Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) is an important Gram-positive human pathogen affected the upper respiratory tract, such as the tonsils and pharynx, and is also induces post-infection diseases such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. This study aim to isolate Streptococcus pyogenes from children with pharyngitis and to evaluate the molecular identification of S. pyogenes compared with conventional methods. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on total of 200 throat swab samples which were collected from children with pharyngitis referred to Wad medani Pediatric Teaching Hospital and Wad medani ENT hospital from January to November 2021. Demographic and clinical data were collected by questionnaire. Throat swabs were tested with the standard microbiological techniques to isolated Group A streptococcus (GAS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to all GAS isolates using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Additionally, PCR was used to identify Spy 1258 gene of isolated bacteria. Results: From all throat swab samples screened, 51 isolates (25.5%) were identified as GAS. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all the GAS isolates were sensitive to Penicillin and Azithromycin. Sensitivity to Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin and Cephalexin were 88.2%, 86.3%, 45.1%, 41.2%, 13.7%, respectively. Based on PCR identification of Spy 1258 gene the percentage of isolated bacteria was 21%. Conclusion: The rate of isolated Streptococcus pyogenes was 25.5% by conventional methods and 21% by PCR. The bacteria were sensitive to Penicillin and Azithromycin. The Spy 1258 gene was specific for detection of Streptococcus pyogenes.展开更多
文摘Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS) is an important human bacterial pathogen. This organism possesses many virulence factors, Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxinone of these. Aim: Detection of Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin SpeA and SpeB in isolated Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods: Tow hundred throat swab samples were collected from children with pharyngitis referred to Pediatric Teaching hospital and ENT hospital Wad medani, Sudan, from January to November 2021. The questionnaire was filled out to collect clinical and demographic data. Throat swabs were collected and processed with the standard microbiological procedure to isolate Streptococcus pyogenes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on all GAS isolates using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Detection of Spy 1258 gene and Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins SpeA and SpeB were done by using Multiplex PCR. Results: Amongst the Tow hundred collected samples fifty-one isolates (25.5%) were identified as S. pyogenes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all the GAS isolates were sensitive to Azithromycin and Penicillin. Sensitivity to Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin and Cephalexin were 88.2%, 86.3%, 45.1%, 41.2%, 13.7%, respectively. SpeA was detected in 17 (33.3%) and SpeB in 48 (94.1%). Conclusion: Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin genes SpeA and SpeB were detected in 17 (33.3%) and 48 (94.1%) respectively of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates.
文摘Background: The characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus that made it the most important cause of wound infections are environmental spread antimicrobials resistance and virulence. Absence of molecular detection of drug resistance and virulence factors in many developing countries limits the epidemiological information. This study conducted to identify PVL virulence gene, and blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 drug resistance genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from surgical-sites infections (SSIs) and traumatic wounds. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2021, in which 70 cefepime resistant Staphylococcus aureus were used, the strains were isolated from patients of SSIs and traumatic wounds admitted to the department of General Surgery in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital. Mannitol salt agar was used for primary culture followed by biochemical identification and Kirby Bauer susceptibility testing. Single and multiplex PCR protocols performed for bacterial confirmation and target genes detection. Results: Staphylococcus aureus strains from SSIs constituted 56% (39/70) from which 41% (16/39) possessed PVL gene while 42% (13/31) of wound infections strains were positive for PVL gene. Presence of PVL gene was significantly associated with resistance to meropenem (P. value 0.023) and ceftriaxone (P. value 0.037). blaOXA-23 was significantly detected with resistance to meropenem, augmentin and ceftriaxone. While blaOXA-51 was significantly identified among Staphylococcus aureus strains that showed resistance to meropenem and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: This is the first study in Sudan that identified blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 in Staphylococcus aureus and correlated them to resistance to commonly used antimicrobials. Meropenem resistant Staphylococcus aureus were significantly positive for PVL, blaOXA-23 and baOXA-51 genes.
文摘Background: Urosepsis is one of the most common infections that require empirical broad spectrum antibiotics immediately after diagnosis. This has led to development of bacterial resistance by acquiring the capability to destroy the β-lactam ring. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at Gezira Hospital for Renal diseases and surgery (GHRDS). A hundred patients were diagnosed clinically with urosepsis and the isolated organisms were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The susceptibility test was conducted by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Seventy eight samples of bacterial genomic DNA were confirmed by 16srRNA and multiplex PCR, were performed for genotypic blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 gene characterization of isolated bacteria. Then gel electrophoresis was used to identify the presence or absence of (blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23) genes. Results: 88.5% (69/78) in 16srRNA detected. Using multiplex PCR, the frequencies of blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes were 13% and 10.1%, respectively. The percentages of isolates which yielded both blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 among P. aeruginosa was 25% (1/4), among K. pneumonia was 17% (1/6), and among E. coli was 8% (3/37). Only blaOXA-51 was detected in P. mirabilis 10% (1/10) and only blaOXA-23 was detected in S. aureus 5% (1/18). Conclusion: In this study, the presence of blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes was increased in the isolated bacteria.
文摘Helicobacter pylori is the microbial agent most responsible for gastro-duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis, which can develop into carcinoma of the stomach. This study was performed in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital, Sudan to detect Helicobacter pylori in stomach samples, and evaluate the performance of the tests used, which were histological stains and PCR. Gastric biopsies were obtained from 105 referred patients during endoscopy, and fixed specimens examined by haematoxylin-eosin and Warthin-Starry silver stains, while DNA was extracted for glmM gene amplification. Epigastric pain was the most common symptom at 78% (82/105) and chronic gastritis recorded with 71% (68/105) of endoscopy results. Warthin-Starry silver stain gave 31% (33/105) as positive for Helicobacter pylori followed by glmM gene 27% (28/105) and haematoxylin-eosin 24% (25/105). The study indicated good performance of histological staining and high specificity of glmM gene in detection of Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies.
文摘Background: Prevention against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) includes natural resistance in the population;mainly frequency of cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor type-5 (CCR5-delta 32 mutation). By knowing the frequency of this resistance in the community, the proportion of the population susceptible to infection can be determined. This study aimed to detect for the first time the rate of CCR5-delta 32 mutation in Sudanese individuals with HIV and sex workers. Methods: Cross-sectional study was followed in the parade from 2019 through 2021, study groups were Sudanese with HIV and sex workers. Sero-negativity of sex workers was confirmed by a rapid immunochromatography test (ICT). A blood sample was targeted for DNA isolation. PCR amplification was accomplished for CCR5 wild type and CCR5-delta 32 mutation genes using specific primers. Result: Among HIV patients, males, basic education level and ages below 60 years were commonly recorded while ages below 40 years, secondary education level and single marital status were predominated in sex workers. All HIV patients were positive for CCR5 wild type and negative for CCR5-delta 32 genotype. The sex workers group showed a frequency of 3.5% (97/200) for homozygous CCR5-delta 32 mutation. Conclusion: The rating of homozygous CCR5-delta 32 genotype in studied Sudanese sex workers was relatively more than other results obtained from African countries, and the mutation was significantly detected among sex workers group (P value = 0.008) when compared to the studied HIV group.
文摘The study was aimed to investigate the pathological changes of condemned lungs of dromedary camels in the Sudan abattoirs using conventional H & E and Zeihl Neelson (ZN) staining procedures. Proliferative granulomatous reaction was demonstrated in one H & E stained lung section which was characterized by focal fibrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells resembled to tuberculous lesions. While ZN stained sections demonstrated acid fast rod in one pulmonary associated lymph node. These lesions were evidenced presence of tuberculous mycobacteria in camel tissues and recommended further deep investigation of tuberculosis among camels in the Sudan.
文摘Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) is an important Gram-positive human pathogen affected the upper respiratory tract, such as the tonsils and pharynx, and is also induces post-infection diseases such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. This study aim to isolate Streptococcus pyogenes from children with pharyngitis and to evaluate the molecular identification of S. pyogenes compared with conventional methods. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on total of 200 throat swab samples which were collected from children with pharyngitis referred to Wad medani Pediatric Teaching Hospital and Wad medani ENT hospital from January to November 2021. Demographic and clinical data were collected by questionnaire. Throat swabs were tested with the standard microbiological techniques to isolated Group A streptococcus (GAS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to all GAS isolates using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Additionally, PCR was used to identify Spy 1258 gene of isolated bacteria. Results: From all throat swab samples screened, 51 isolates (25.5%) were identified as GAS. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all the GAS isolates were sensitive to Penicillin and Azithromycin. Sensitivity to Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin and Cephalexin were 88.2%, 86.3%, 45.1%, 41.2%, 13.7%, respectively. Based on PCR identification of Spy 1258 gene the percentage of isolated bacteria was 21%. Conclusion: The rate of isolated Streptococcus pyogenes was 25.5% by conventional methods and 21% by PCR. The bacteria were sensitive to Penicillin and Azithromycin. The Spy 1258 gene was specific for detection of Streptococcus pyogenes.
