Alzheimer’s disease is an incurable chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia,imposing a growing economic burden upon society.The disease progression is associated with gradual deposition o...Alzheimer’s disease is an incurable chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia,imposing a growing economic burden upon society.The disease progression is associated with gradual deposition of amyloid plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles within the brain parenchyma,yet severe dementia is the culminating phase of the enduring pathology.Converging evidence suggests that Alzheimer’s disease-related cognitive decline is the outcome of an extremely complex and persistent pathophysiological process.The disease is characterized by distinctive abnormalities apparent at systemic,histological,macromolecular,and biochemical levels.Moreover,besides the well-defined and self-evident characteristic profuse neurofibrillary tangles,dystrophic neurites,and amyloid-beta deposits,the Alzheimer’s disease-associated pathology includes neuroinflammation,substantial neuronal loss,apoptosis,extensive DNA damage,considerable mitochondrial malfunction,compromised energy metabolism,and chronic oxidative stress.Likewise,distinctive metabolic dysfunction has been named a leading cause and a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease that is apparent decades prior to disease manifestation.State-of-theart metabolomics studies demonstrate that altered branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)metabolism accompanies Alzheimer’s disease development.Lower plasma valine levels are correlated with accelerated cognitive decline,and,conversely,an increase in valine concentration is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease.Additionally,a clear BCAAs-related metabolic signature has been identified in subjects with obesity,diabetes,and atherosclerosis.Also,arginine metabolism is dramatically altered in Alzheimer’s disease human brains and animal models.Accordingly,a potential role of the urea cycle in the Alzheimer’s disease development has been hypothesized,and preclinical studies utilizing intervention in the urea cycle and/or BCAAs metabolism have demonstrated clinical potential.Continual failures to offer a competent treatment strategy directed against amyloid-beta or Tau proteins-related lesions,which could face all challenges of the multifaceted Alzheimer’s disease pathology,led to the hypothesis that hyperphosphorylated Tau and deposited amyloid-beta proteins are just hallmarks or epiphenomena,but not the ultimate causes of Alzheimer’s disease.Therefore,approaches targeting amyloid-beta or Tau are not adequate to cure the disease.Accordingly,the modern scientific vision of Alzheimer’s disease etiology and pathogenesis must reach beyond the hallmarks,and look for alternative strategies and areas of research.展开更多
Growing evidence highlights the role of arginase activity in the manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Upregulation of arginase was shown to contribute to neurodegeneration.Regulation of arginase activity appears ...Growing evidence highlights the role of arginase activity in the manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Upregulation of arginase was shown to contribute to neurodegeneration.Regulation of arginase activity appears to be a promising approach for interfering with the pathogenesis of AD.Therefore,the enzyme represents a novel therapeutic target.In this study,we administered an arginase inhibitor,L-norvaline(250 mg/L),for 2.5 months to a triple-transgenic model(3×Tg-AD)harboring PS1M146V,APPSwe,and tauP301L transgenes.Then,the neuroprotective effects of L-norvaline were evaluated using immunohistochemistry,proteomics,and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays.Finally,we identified the biological pathways activated by the treatment.Remarkably,L-norvaline treatment reverses the cognitive decline in AD mice.The treatment is neuroprotective as indicated by reduced beta-amyloidosis,alleviated microgliosis,and reduced tumor necrosis factor transcription levels.Moreover,elevated levels of neuroplasticity related postsynaptic density protein 95 were detected in the hippocampi of mice treated with L-norvaline.Furthermore,we disclosed several biological pathways,which were involved in cell survival and neuroplasticity and were activated by the treatment.Through these modes of action,L-norvaline has the potential to improve the symptoms of AD and even interferes with its pathogenesis.As such,L-norvaline is a promising neuroprotective molecule that might be tailored for the treatment of a range of neurodegenerative disorders.The study was approved by the Bar-Ilan University Animal Care and Use Committee(approval No.82-10-2017)on October 1,2017.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder,eventually manifesting in severe cognitive dysfunction.Despite the recent proliferation of encouraging preclinical studies and clinical trials,sci...Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder,eventually manifesting in severe cognitive dysfunction.Despite the recent proliferation of encouraging preclinical studies and clinical trials,scientific society is still far from a complete consensus regarding the AD etiology and pathogenesis.Accordingly,no approved AD-modifying therapies are currently available.Nevertheless,novel concepts predicated upon the latest discoveries and comprehension of the disease as a multifactorial disorder are paving the road to the successful AD treatment.展开更多
基金supported by a Marie Curie CIG Grant 322113a Leir Foundation Grant+1 种基金a Ginzburg Family Foundation Granta Katz Foundation Grant to AOS
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is an incurable chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia,imposing a growing economic burden upon society.The disease progression is associated with gradual deposition of amyloid plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles within the brain parenchyma,yet severe dementia is the culminating phase of the enduring pathology.Converging evidence suggests that Alzheimer’s disease-related cognitive decline is the outcome of an extremely complex and persistent pathophysiological process.The disease is characterized by distinctive abnormalities apparent at systemic,histological,macromolecular,and biochemical levels.Moreover,besides the well-defined and self-evident characteristic profuse neurofibrillary tangles,dystrophic neurites,and amyloid-beta deposits,the Alzheimer’s disease-associated pathology includes neuroinflammation,substantial neuronal loss,apoptosis,extensive DNA damage,considerable mitochondrial malfunction,compromised energy metabolism,and chronic oxidative stress.Likewise,distinctive metabolic dysfunction has been named a leading cause and a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease that is apparent decades prior to disease manifestation.State-of-theart metabolomics studies demonstrate that altered branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)metabolism accompanies Alzheimer’s disease development.Lower plasma valine levels are correlated with accelerated cognitive decline,and,conversely,an increase in valine concentration is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease.Additionally,a clear BCAAs-related metabolic signature has been identified in subjects with obesity,diabetes,and atherosclerosis.Also,arginine metabolism is dramatically altered in Alzheimer’s disease human brains and animal models.Accordingly,a potential role of the urea cycle in the Alzheimer’s disease development has been hypothesized,and preclinical studies utilizing intervention in the urea cycle and/or BCAAs metabolism have demonstrated clinical potential.Continual failures to offer a competent treatment strategy directed against amyloid-beta or Tau proteins-related lesions,which could face all challenges of the multifaceted Alzheimer’s disease pathology,led to the hypothesis that hyperphosphorylated Tau and deposited amyloid-beta proteins are just hallmarks or epiphenomena,but not the ultimate causes of Alzheimer’s disease.Therefore,approaches targeting amyloid-beta or Tau are not adequate to cure the disease.Accordingly,the modern scientific vision of Alzheimer’s disease etiology and pathogenesis must reach beyond the hallmarks,and look for alternative strategies and areas of research.
基金supported by Marie Curie CIG Grant 322113Leir Foundation Grant+1 种基金Ginzburg Family Foundation GrantKatz Foundation Grant(all to AOS)
文摘Growing evidence highlights the role of arginase activity in the manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Upregulation of arginase was shown to contribute to neurodegeneration.Regulation of arginase activity appears to be a promising approach for interfering with the pathogenesis of AD.Therefore,the enzyme represents a novel therapeutic target.In this study,we administered an arginase inhibitor,L-norvaline(250 mg/L),for 2.5 months to a triple-transgenic model(3×Tg-AD)harboring PS1M146V,APPSwe,and tauP301L transgenes.Then,the neuroprotective effects of L-norvaline were evaluated using immunohistochemistry,proteomics,and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays.Finally,we identified the biological pathways activated by the treatment.Remarkably,L-norvaline treatment reverses the cognitive decline in AD mice.The treatment is neuroprotective as indicated by reduced beta-amyloidosis,alleviated microgliosis,and reduced tumor necrosis factor transcription levels.Moreover,elevated levels of neuroplasticity related postsynaptic density protein 95 were detected in the hippocampi of mice treated with L-norvaline.Furthermore,we disclosed several biological pathways,which were involved in cell survival and neuroplasticity and were activated by the treatment.Through these modes of action,L-norvaline has the potential to improve the symptoms of AD and even interferes with its pathogenesis.As such,L-norvaline is a promising neuroprotective molecule that might be tailored for the treatment of a range of neurodegenerative disorders.The study was approved by the Bar-Ilan University Animal Care and Use Committee(approval No.82-10-2017)on October 1,2017.
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder,eventually manifesting in severe cognitive dysfunction.Despite the recent proliferation of encouraging preclinical studies and clinical trials,scientific society is still far from a complete consensus regarding the AD etiology and pathogenesis.Accordingly,no approved AD-modifying therapies are currently available.Nevertheless,novel concepts predicated upon the latest discoveries and comprehension of the disease as a multifactorial disorder are paving the road to the successful AD treatment.
