Regular physical activity is associated with lower adult cancer incidence and mortality,1 with this protective association seemingly independent of important risk factors (high body weight, smoking).2 The potential pr...Regular physical activity is associated with lower adult cancer incidence and mortality,1 with this protective association seemingly independent of important risk factors (high body weight, smoking).2 The potential preventive effect of an active lifestyle was presumed a long time ago by some visionary scientists.展开更多
Background:Emerging research supports the idea that exercise positively affects neurodevelopment.However,the mechanisms linking exercise with brain health are largely unknown.We aimed to investigate the effect of exer...Background:Emerging research supports the idea that exercise positively affects neurodevelopment.However,the mechanisms linking exercise with brain health are largely unknown.We aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on(a)blood biomarkers selected based on previous evidence(brainderived neurotrophic factor,β-hydroxybutyrate(BHB),cathepsin B(CTSB),kynurenine,fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21),soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(sVCAM-1));and(b)a panel of 92 neurology-related proteins(discovery analysis).We also investigated whether changes in these biomarkers mediate the effects of exercise on brain health(hippocampal structure and function,cognitive performance,and mental health).Methods:We randomized 81 overweight/obese children(10.1±1.1 years,41%girls)into 2 groups:either 20 weeks of aerobic plus resistance exercise or control.Candidate biomarkers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for kynurenine,FGF21,and CTSB;colorimetry forβ-hydroxybutyrate;and XMap for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.The92 neurology-related proteins were analyzed by an antibody-based proteomic analysis.Results:Our intervention had no significant effect on candidate biomarkers(all p>0.05).In the discovery analysis,a reduction in circulating macrophage scavenger receptor type-I was observed(standardized differences between groups=-0.3,p=0.001).This effect was validated using ELISA methods(standardized difference=-0.3,p=0.01).None of the biomarkers mediated the effects of exercise on brain health.Conclusions:Our study does not support a chronic effect of exercise on candidate biomarkers.We observed that while chronic exercise reduced the levels of macrophage scavenger receptor type-Ⅰ,it did not mediate the effects of exercise on brain health.Future studies should explore the implications of this novel biomarker for overall health.展开更多
A recent special topic in the Journal of Sport and Health Science reported the health benefits conferred by traditional and innovative m-health exercise and multimodal programs with respect to several types of cancer....A recent special topic in the Journal of Sport and Health Science reported the health benefits conferred by traditional and innovative m-health exercise and multimodal programs with respect to several types of cancer.1 A possible mechanism behind this protective effect could be enhanced cancer immunosurveillance.展开更多
1.The importance of immunomics in pediatric exercise research The profound effect that"acute"or"regular"exercise(i.e.,a single exercise session or repeated sessions over time,respectively)exerts on...1.The importance of immunomics in pediatric exercise research The profound effect that"acute"or"regular"exercise(i.e.,a single exercise session or repeated sessions over time,respectively)exerts on the immune system has been widely recognized.1 Acute exercise is largely"immuno-enhancing"(e.g.,it may even improve vaccine responses in"at-risk"patients),whereas regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic conditions(not only obesity,diabetes,or cardiovascular diseases,but also several types of cancer)partly due to its anti-inflammatory effects.展开更多
Background Low-intensity resistance training(LI-RT)combined with blood flow restriction(BFR)is an alternative to traditional moderate-high-intensity resistance training to increase strength and muscle mass.However,the...Background Low-intensity resistance training(LI-RT)combined with blood flow restriction(BFR)is an alternative to traditional moderate-high-intensity resistance training to increase strength and muscle mass.However,the evidence about the efficacy of this novel training method to increase strength and muscle mass in healthy and older adults with patholo-gies is limited.Furthermore,the possible risk and adverse effects with BFR training methodology in older adults should be considered.Objectives(1)To summarize the current evidence on training with BFR strategies in older adults aiming to improve strength and to increase muscle mass;and(2)to provide recommendations for resistance and aerobic training with BFR in older adults based on the studies reviewed.Methods Studies that investigated the chronic responses to resistance training or aerobic training with BFR related to strength and muscle mass changes in older adults were identified.Two independent researchers conducted the search in PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases from their inception up to November 1,2018.Results Seventeen out of 35 studies,which performed resistance or aerobic training with BFR in older adults focused on strength and muscle mass outcomes,were included in this review.Studies performing resistance and aerobic train-ing with BFR found better improvements in strength and higher increase in muscle mass compared to non-BFR groups that performed the same training protocol.High-intensity resistance training(HI-RT)without BFR provided greater improvements in strength and a similar increase in muscle mass compared to light-intensity resistance training(LI-RT)with BFR.Conclusions Current evidence suggests that LI-RT and/or aerobic training with BFR improves strength and increases muscle mass in older people.Light-intensity training without BFR would normally not obtain such benefits.Therefore,LI-RT and aerobic training with BFR is an alternative to traditional methods to improve strength and by way of an increase in muscle mass,which are important in the elderly who have progressive muscle atrophy and are at higher risk of falls.展开更多
基金supported in part by NIH Grant No. U01 TR002004 (REACH project)Research by TP and CFL is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, ISCIII)+3 种基金Fondos FEDER (grant numbers PI22/00201 (TP)PI20/00645 and PI23/00396 (CF-L))Research by CFL is also funded by ISCIII (FORT23/00023)Research by AL and CF-L is funded by Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds (WKOF) as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant programme (IIG_FULL_2021_007).
文摘Regular physical activity is associated with lower adult cancer incidence and mortality,1 with this protective association seemingly independent of important risk factors (high body weight, smoking).2 The potential preventive effect of an active lifestyle was presumed a long time ago by some visionary scientists.
基金supported primarily by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness((MINECO),DEP2017-91544-EXP)the Alicia Koplowitz Foundation+13 种基金supported by additional grants from MINECO(DEP2013-47540,DEP2016-79512-R,PID2020-120249RB-I00)the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF,FEDER in Spanish)the European Commission(No.667302)Further funding was obtained from the Andalusian Operational Programme supported by the ERDF(B-CTS-355-UGR18,B-CTS-500-UGR18 and A-CTS-614-UGR20)partially funded by the University of Granada,Plan Propio de Investigación 2016,Excellence actions:Units of ExcellenceUnit of Excellence on Exercise and Health(UCEES)and by the Regional Government of Andalusia,Regional Ministry of Knowledge,Science,and Universities and the ERDF(SOMM17/6107/UGR)supported by the School of Medicine,Complutense University of Madrid,Mother-Child Health and Development Network(Red SAMID)Ⅲnetwork,Redes temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud(RETICS),funded by the PN I+D+I 20172021(Spain)funded by the Ramón Areces Foundation.AMG is supported by FPU16/03653supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(RYC2019-027287-I)supported by a grant from Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo(No.72180543)from Chilethrough a Margarita Salas grant from the Spanish Ministry Universitiessupported by MINECO and ERDF(grants RYC-2016-21199 and SAF2017-87526-R)the Junta de Andalucia(PAIDI P20_00158,PAIDI P20_00124)supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education,Culture and Sport(FPU 16/02760)。
文摘Background:Emerging research supports the idea that exercise positively affects neurodevelopment.However,the mechanisms linking exercise with brain health are largely unknown.We aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on(a)blood biomarkers selected based on previous evidence(brainderived neurotrophic factor,β-hydroxybutyrate(BHB),cathepsin B(CTSB),kynurenine,fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21),soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(sVCAM-1));and(b)a panel of 92 neurology-related proteins(discovery analysis).We also investigated whether changes in these biomarkers mediate the effects of exercise on brain health(hippocampal structure and function,cognitive performance,and mental health).Methods:We randomized 81 overweight/obese children(10.1±1.1 years,41%girls)into 2 groups:either 20 weeks of aerobic plus resistance exercise or control.Candidate biomarkers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for kynurenine,FGF21,and CTSB;colorimetry forβ-hydroxybutyrate;and XMap for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.The92 neurology-related proteins were analyzed by an antibody-based proteomic analysis.Results:Our intervention had no significant effect on candidate biomarkers(all p>0.05).In the discovery analysis,a reduction in circulating macrophage scavenger receptor type-I was observed(standardized differences between groups=-0.3,p=0.001).This effect was validated using ELISA methods(standardized difference=-0.3,p=0.01).None of the biomarkers mediated the effects of exercise on brain health.Conclusions:Our study does not support a chronic effect of exercise on candidate biomarkers.We observed that while chronic exercise reduced the levels of macrophage scavenger receptor type-Ⅰ,it did not mediate the effects of exercise on brain health.Future studies should explore the implications of this novel biomarker for overall health.
基金supported in part by NIH Grant No.U01 TR002004(REACH project)funded by the Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds(WKOF)as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant program+5 种基金the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias(FIS))Fondos FEDER(Grant No.ssPI 18/00139)Fondos FEDER(Grants No.PI20/00645,PI23/00396,and FORT23/00023)funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(FIS)the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion(Grant No.CNS2023-144144)a Miguel Servet postdoctoral contract granted by Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ(CP18/00034)。
文摘A recent special topic in the Journal of Sport and Health Science reported the health benefits conferred by traditional and innovative m-health exercise and multimodal programs with respect to several types of cancer.1 A possible mechanism behind this protective effect could be enhanced cancer immunosurveillance.
基金supported in part by NIH grant#U01 TR002004(REACH project)funded by the Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds(WKOF)as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant program+1 种基金the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias(FIS))Fondos FEDER(grant number ssPI18/00139)。
文摘1.The importance of immunomics in pediatric exercise research The profound effect that"acute"or"regular"exercise(i.e.,a single exercise session or repeated sessions over time,respectively)exerts on the immune system has been widely recognized.1 Acute exercise is largely"immuno-enhancing"(e.g.,it may even improve vaccine responses in"at-risk"patients),whereas regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic conditions(not only obesity,diabetes,or cardiovascular diseases,but also several types of cancer)partly due to its anti-inflammatory effects.
基金supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy,Industry and Competitiveness(BES-2014-068829)supported by the Spanish Min istry of Education,Culture and Sport(FPU 16/02760,FPU15/02645,and FPU14/06837,respectively)+7 种基金supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities(RYC-2011-09011)supported by a grant from the Alicia Kop lowitz Foundationsupported by the National Operational Programme on Youth EmploymentAdditional support was obtained from the Scientific Excellence Unit on Exercise and Health(UCEES)EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Spe-cial Populations(DEP2005-00046/ACTI)funded by the University of Granada,Research and Knowledge Transfer Fund 2016,Excellence actions:Scientific Units of Excel-lenceUnit of Excellence on Exercise and Health(UCEES)by the Andalusian Regional Government,Consejeria de Conocimiento,Investigacion y Universidades and European Regional Development Fund(ERDF),ref.SOMM17/6107/UGR.
文摘Background Low-intensity resistance training(LI-RT)combined with blood flow restriction(BFR)is an alternative to traditional moderate-high-intensity resistance training to increase strength and muscle mass.However,the evidence about the efficacy of this novel training method to increase strength and muscle mass in healthy and older adults with patholo-gies is limited.Furthermore,the possible risk and adverse effects with BFR training methodology in older adults should be considered.Objectives(1)To summarize the current evidence on training with BFR strategies in older adults aiming to improve strength and to increase muscle mass;and(2)to provide recommendations for resistance and aerobic training with BFR in older adults based on the studies reviewed.Methods Studies that investigated the chronic responses to resistance training or aerobic training with BFR related to strength and muscle mass changes in older adults were identified.Two independent researchers conducted the search in PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases from their inception up to November 1,2018.Results Seventeen out of 35 studies,which performed resistance or aerobic training with BFR in older adults focused on strength and muscle mass outcomes,were included in this review.Studies performing resistance and aerobic train-ing with BFR found better improvements in strength and higher increase in muscle mass compared to non-BFR groups that performed the same training protocol.High-intensity resistance training(HI-RT)without BFR provided greater improvements in strength and a similar increase in muscle mass compared to light-intensity resistance training(LI-RT)with BFR.Conclusions Current evidence suggests that LI-RT and/or aerobic training with BFR improves strength and increases muscle mass in older people.Light-intensity training without BFR would normally not obtain such benefits.Therefore,LI-RT and aerobic training with BFR is an alternative to traditional methods to improve strength and by way of an increase in muscle mass,which are important in the elderly who have progressive muscle atrophy and are at higher risk of falls.
