Unlike primary metabolites,secondary metabolites serve critical ecological functions,including plant protection,stress tolerance,and symbiosis.This review focuses on extracting,separating,and identifying the major cla...Unlike primary metabolites,secondary metabolites serve critical ecological functions,including plant protection,stress tolerance,and symbiosis.This review focuses on extracting,separating,and identifying the major classes of secondary metabolites,including alkaloids,terpenoids,phenolics,glycosides,saponins,and coumarins.It describes optimized methods regarding plant selection,extraction by solvents,and purification of the metabolites,highlighting the latest advancements in chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.The review also describes some of the most important problems,such as the instability of the compounds or diversity of the structures,and discusses emerging technologies that solve these issues.Moreover,it examines the secondary roles of these metabolites in medicine,such as anticancer and antimicrobial drugs,sustainable agriculture biopesticides,and environmental ecology-also known as allelopathy and bioindicators.It combines traditional ethnobotanical approaches with contem-porary science,demonstrating the vital need to protect biodiversity in key ecosystems such as tropical rainforests,mountain regions,coral reefs,and arid zones as a foundation for anticipatory bio-discoveries.It organizes the methodological frameworks and outlines the steps needed to enhance the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources.展开更多
Tomato cultivation faces formidable challenges from both biotic and abiotic stressors,necessitating innovative and sustainable strategies to ensure crop resilience and yield stability.This comprehensive review delves ...Tomato cultivation faces formidable challenges from both biotic and abiotic stressors,necessitating innovative and sustainable strategies to ensure crop resilience and yield stability.This comprehensive review delves into the evolving landscape of employing microbial consortia as a dynamic tool for the integrated management of biotic and abiotic stresses in tomato plants.The microbial consortium,comprising an intricate network of bacteria,fungi,and other beneficial microorganisms,plays a pivotal role in promoting plant health and bolstering defense mechanisms.Against biotic stressors,the consortium exhibits multifaceted actions,including the suppression of pathogenic organisms through antagonistic interactions and the induction of systemic resistance in tomato plants.On the abiotic front,the microbial consortium enhances nutrient availability,optimizes water retention,and ameliorates soil structure,thus mitigating the adverse effects of factors such as drought,salinity,and nutrient imbalances.This review synthesizes current research findings,highlighting the diverse mechanisms through which microbial consortia positively influence the physiological and molecular responses of tomato plants to stress.Furthermore,it explores the adaptability of microbial consortia to various agroecosystems,offering a versatile and sustainable approach to stress management.As a promising avenue for eco-friendly agriculture,the utilization of microbial consortia in tomato cultivation emerges not only as a tool for stress mitigation but also as a transformative strategy to foster long-term sustainability,reduce reliance on synthetic inputs,and enhance overall crop productivity in the face of changing environmental conditions.展开更多
文摘Unlike primary metabolites,secondary metabolites serve critical ecological functions,including plant protection,stress tolerance,and symbiosis.This review focuses on extracting,separating,and identifying the major classes of secondary metabolites,including alkaloids,terpenoids,phenolics,glycosides,saponins,and coumarins.It describes optimized methods regarding plant selection,extraction by solvents,and purification of the metabolites,highlighting the latest advancements in chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.The review also describes some of the most important problems,such as the instability of the compounds or diversity of the structures,and discusses emerging technologies that solve these issues.Moreover,it examines the secondary roles of these metabolites in medicine,such as anticancer and antimicrobial drugs,sustainable agriculture biopesticides,and environmental ecology-also known as allelopathy and bioindicators.It combines traditional ethnobotanical approaches with contem-porary science,demonstrating the vital need to protect biodiversity in key ecosystems such as tropical rainforests,mountain regions,coral reefs,and arid zones as a foundation for anticipatory bio-discoveries.It organizes the methodological frameworks and outlines the steps needed to enhance the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources.
基金funded by the Phytopathology Unit of the Department of Plant Pathology—Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture(Meknès)Financial support has been provided to SIRAM by PRIMA and MESRSI(Morocco),a program supported by H2020,the European Program for Research and Innovation.
文摘Tomato cultivation faces formidable challenges from both biotic and abiotic stressors,necessitating innovative and sustainable strategies to ensure crop resilience and yield stability.This comprehensive review delves into the evolving landscape of employing microbial consortia as a dynamic tool for the integrated management of biotic and abiotic stresses in tomato plants.The microbial consortium,comprising an intricate network of bacteria,fungi,and other beneficial microorganisms,plays a pivotal role in promoting plant health and bolstering defense mechanisms.Against biotic stressors,the consortium exhibits multifaceted actions,including the suppression of pathogenic organisms through antagonistic interactions and the induction of systemic resistance in tomato plants.On the abiotic front,the microbial consortium enhances nutrient availability,optimizes water retention,and ameliorates soil structure,thus mitigating the adverse effects of factors such as drought,salinity,and nutrient imbalances.This review synthesizes current research findings,highlighting the diverse mechanisms through which microbial consortia positively influence the physiological and molecular responses of tomato plants to stress.Furthermore,it explores the adaptability of microbial consortia to various agroecosystems,offering a versatile and sustainable approach to stress management.As a promising avenue for eco-friendly agriculture,the utilization of microbial consortia in tomato cultivation emerges not only as a tool for stress mitigation but also as a transformative strategy to foster long-term sustainability,reduce reliance on synthetic inputs,and enhance overall crop productivity in the face of changing environmental conditions.
