由于相对较低的能量密度,商用锂离子电池(LIB)难以满足便携式电子和电动汽车对储能设备能量密度日益增长的需求。锂(Li)金属具有高理论比容量(3860 mAh g^(-1))和低的密度(0.59 g cm^(-3)),被认为是下一代高能密度锂电池最具前途的负极...由于相对较低的能量密度,商用锂离子电池(LIB)难以满足便携式电子和电动汽车对储能设备能量密度日益增长的需求。锂(Li)金属具有高理论比容量(3860 mAh g^(-1))和低的密度(0.59 g cm^(-3)),被认为是下一代高能密度锂电池最具前途的负极之一,如Li-S和Li-O_(2)电池。然而,由于固态电解质界面层的不稳定,导致锂枝晶生长不可控和库伦效率低等问题,限制了锂金属电池的实际应用。石墨烯基材料(GBMs)具有高比表面积、可调节的孔结构和表面化学特性,已被证明可以显著解决上述问题。本文综述了利用石墨烯基材料来保护锂金属负极的各种策略,并详细讨论了在锂金属保护中具有不同功能和作用的石墨烯基纳米材料的合理设计。文中还讨论了石墨烯基纳米材料用于锂金属负极中未来发展面临的挑战和可能的解决方案。展开更多
The present study characterized NbSi2-Al2O3 nanocomposite powders plasma-sprayed on Ti-6Al-4Vsubstrates. The powders were agglomerated to obtain suitable particle sizes for spraying. The agglomerated powders were then...The present study characterized NbSi2-Al2O3 nanocomposite powders plasma-sprayed on Ti-6Al-4Vsubstrates. The powders were agglomerated to obtain suitable particle sizes for spraying. The agglomerated powders were then plasma-sprayed using atmospheric plasma spraying. The structural transformations of the powders along with the morphological and mechanical changes of the coatings were examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and hard- ness testing. The results showed that after plasma spraying, the grain size increased, and the lattice strain decreased. However, the grain size of this compound after spraying was still in the nanometer range. The coating was uniform and exhibited good adhesion to the substrate. The microhardness and fracture toughness of the nanocomposite coating were higher than those of a nanostructured NbSi2 coating.展开更多
In recent years,inverted perovskite solar cells(IPSCs)have attracted significant attention due to their low-temperature and cost-effective fabrication processes,hysteresis-free properties,excellent stability,and wide ...In recent years,inverted perovskite solar cells(IPSCs)have attracted significant attention due to their low-temperature and cost-effective fabrication processes,hysteresis-free properties,excellent stability,and wide application.The efficiency gap between IPSCs and regular structures has shrunk to less than 1%.Over the past few years,IPSC research has mainly focused on optimizing power conversion efficiency to accelerate the development of IPSCs.This review provides an overview of recent improvements in the efficiency of IPSCs,including interface engineering and novel film production techniques to overcome critical obstacles.Tandem and integrated applications of IPSCs are also summarized.Furthermore,prospects for further development of IPSCs are discussed,including the development of new materials,methods,and device structures for novel IPSCs to meet the requirements of commercialization.展开更多
Alkaline water electrolysis provides a promising route for"green hydrogen"generation,where anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a crucial role in coupling with cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction.To d...Alkaline water electrolysis provides a promising route for"green hydrogen"generation,where anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a crucial role in coupling with cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction.To date,the development of highly active and durable OER catalysts based on earth-abundant elements has drawn wide attention;nevertheless,their performance under high current densities(HCDs≥1000 mA cm^(-2))has been less emphasized.This situation has seriously impeded large-scale electrolysis industrialization.In this review,in order to provide a guideline for designing high-performance OER electrocatalysts,the effects of HCD on catalytic performance involving electron transfer,mass transfer,and physical/chemical stability are summarized.Furthermore,the design principles were pointed out for obtaining efficient and robust OER electrocatalysts in light of recent progress of OER electrocatalysts working above 1000 mA cm^(-2).These include the aspects of developing self-supported catalytic electrodes,enhancing intrinsic activity,enhancing the catalyst-support interaction,engineering surface wettability,and introducing protective layer.Finally,summaries and outlooks in achieving OER at industrially relevant HCDs are proposed.展开更多
Nanodiamonds represent an attractive potential carrier for anticancer drugs.The main advantages of nanodiamond particles with respect to medical applications are their high compatibility with non-cancerous cells,feasi...Nanodiamonds represent an attractive potential carrier for anticancer drugs.The main advantages of nanodiamond particles with respect to medical applications are their high compatibility with non-cancerous cells,feasible surface decoration with therapeutic and cancer-cell targeting molecules,and their relatively low manufacturing cost.Additionally,nanodiamond carriers significantly increase treatment efficacy of the loaded drug,so anticancer drugs execute more effectively at a lower dose.Subsequently,lower drug dose results in less extensive side effects.The carriers decorated with a targeting molecule accumulate primarily in the tumor tissue,and those nanodiamond particles impair efflux of the drug from cancer cells.Therapeutic approaches considering nanodiamond carriers were already tested in vitro,as well as in vivo.Now,researchers focus particularly on the possible side effects of nanodiamond carriers applied systemically in vivo.The behavior of nanodiamond carriers depends heavily on their surface coatings,so each therapeutic complex must be evaluated separately.Generally,it seems that site-specific application of nanodiamond carriers is a rather safe therapeutic approach,but intravenous application needs further study.The benefits of nanodiamond carriers are remarkable and represent a potent approach to overcome the drug resistance of many cancers.展开更多
文摘由于相对较低的能量密度,商用锂离子电池(LIB)难以满足便携式电子和电动汽车对储能设备能量密度日益增长的需求。锂(Li)金属具有高理论比容量(3860 mAh g^(-1))和低的密度(0.59 g cm^(-3)),被认为是下一代高能密度锂电池最具前途的负极之一,如Li-S和Li-O_(2)电池。然而,由于固态电解质界面层的不稳定,导致锂枝晶生长不可控和库伦效率低等问题,限制了锂金属电池的实际应用。石墨烯基材料(GBMs)具有高比表面积、可调节的孔结构和表面化学特性,已被证明可以显著解决上述问题。本文综述了利用石墨烯基材料来保护锂金属负极的各种策略,并详细讨论了在锂金属保护中具有不同功能和作用的石墨烯基纳米材料的合理设计。文中还讨论了石墨烯基纳米材料用于锂金属负极中未来发展面临的挑战和可能的解决方案。
文摘The present study characterized NbSi2-Al2O3 nanocomposite powders plasma-sprayed on Ti-6Al-4Vsubstrates. The powders were agglomerated to obtain suitable particle sizes for spraying. The agglomerated powders were then plasma-sprayed using atmospheric plasma spraying. The structural transformations of the powders along with the morphological and mechanical changes of the coatings were examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and hard- ness testing. The results showed that after plasma spraying, the grain size increased, and the lattice strain decreased. However, the grain size of this compound after spraying was still in the nanometer range. The coating was uniform and exhibited good adhesion to the substrate. The microhardness and fracture toughness of the nanocomposite coating were higher than those of a nanostructured NbSi2 coating.
基金the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(GRF Grant Nos.15221320,CRF C7018-20G)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Project No.JCYJ 20200109105003940,SGDX20201103095403016)+6 种基金the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission(GHP/205/20SZ)the Sir Sze-yuen Chung Endowed Professorship Fund(8-8480)provided by the Hong Kong Polytechnic Universitythe GuangdongHong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices(GDSTC No.2019B121205001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91963129)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power(Grant No.2018B030322001)the Student Innovation Training Program(Grant Nos.2021S07)from Southern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech)the Special Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong College Students’Scientific and Technological Innovation(pdjh2022c0003&pdjh2022c0005)。
文摘In recent years,inverted perovskite solar cells(IPSCs)have attracted significant attention due to their low-temperature and cost-effective fabrication processes,hysteresis-free properties,excellent stability,and wide application.The efficiency gap between IPSCs and regular structures has shrunk to less than 1%.Over the past few years,IPSC research has mainly focused on optimizing power conversion efficiency to accelerate the development of IPSCs.This review provides an overview of recent improvements in the efficiency of IPSCs,including interface engineering and novel film production techniques to overcome critical obstacles.Tandem and integrated applications of IPSCs are also summarized.Furthermore,prospects for further development of IPSCs are discussed,including the development of new materials,methods,and device structures for novel IPSCs to meet the requirements of commercialization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.91963129 and 51776094)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power(Grant no.2018B030322001)the Basic Research Project of Science and Technology Plan of Shenzhen(Grant no.JCYJ20180504165655180).
文摘Alkaline water electrolysis provides a promising route for"green hydrogen"generation,where anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a crucial role in coupling with cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction.To date,the development of highly active and durable OER catalysts based on earth-abundant elements has drawn wide attention;nevertheless,their performance under high current densities(HCDs≥1000 mA cm^(-2))has been less emphasized.This situation has seriously impeded large-scale electrolysis industrialization.In this review,in order to provide a guideline for designing high-performance OER electrocatalysts,the effects of HCD on catalytic performance involving electron transfer,mass transfer,and physical/chemical stability are summarized.Furthermore,the design principles were pointed out for obtaining efficient and robust OER electrocatalysts in light of recent progress of OER electrocatalysts working above 1000 mA cm^(-2).These include the aspects of developing self-supported catalytic electrodes,enhancing intrinsic activity,enhancing the catalyst-support interaction,engineering surface wettability,and introducing protective layer.Finally,summaries and outlooks in achieving OER at industrially relevant HCDs are proposed.
文摘Nanodiamonds represent an attractive potential carrier for anticancer drugs.The main advantages of nanodiamond particles with respect to medical applications are their high compatibility with non-cancerous cells,feasible surface decoration with therapeutic and cancer-cell targeting molecules,and their relatively low manufacturing cost.Additionally,nanodiamond carriers significantly increase treatment efficacy of the loaded drug,so anticancer drugs execute more effectively at a lower dose.Subsequently,lower drug dose results in less extensive side effects.The carriers decorated with a targeting molecule accumulate primarily in the tumor tissue,and those nanodiamond particles impair efflux of the drug from cancer cells.Therapeutic approaches considering nanodiamond carriers were already tested in vitro,as well as in vivo.Now,researchers focus particularly on the possible side effects of nanodiamond carriers applied systemically in vivo.The behavior of nanodiamond carriers depends heavily on their surface coatings,so each therapeutic complex must be evaluated separately.Generally,it seems that site-specific application of nanodiamond carriers is a rather safe therapeutic approach,but intravenous application needs further study.The benefits of nanodiamond carriers are remarkable and represent a potent approach to overcome the drug resistance of many cancers.
