Over the last two decades there has been a broad paradigm shift in our understanding of gastric cancer(GC)and its premalignant states from gross histological models to increasingly precise molecular descriptions.In th...Over the last two decades there has been a broad paradigm shift in our understanding of gastric cancer(GC)and its premalignant states from gross histological models to increasingly precise molecular descriptions.In this review we reflect upon the historic approaches to describing premalignant lesions and GC,highlight the current molecular landscape and how this could inform future risk assessment prevention strategies.展开更多
Real-tine in vivo microscopic imaging has becomne a reality with the advent of confocal and nonlinear endomicroscopy.These devices are best utilized in conjunction with standard white light endoscopy.We evaluated the ...Real-tine in vivo microscopic imaging has becomne a reality with the advent of confocal and nonlinear endomicroscopy.These devices are best utilized in conjunction with standard white light endoscopy.We evaluated the use of fuorescence endomicroscopy in detecting microscopic abnormalities in colonic tisues.Mice of C57bl/6 strain had intraperitoneal injection with azoxymethane once every week for five weeks and littermates,not exposed to azoxymethane served as controls.After 14 weeks,intestines were imaged by fuorescence endomicroscopy.The images show obvious cellular structural diferences between those two groups of mice.The difference in endomicroscopy imaging can be used for identifying tissues suspicious for neoplasia or other changes,leading to early diagnosis of gastrointestinal track of cancer.展开更多
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is complex and multifactorial.Undertreated disease has substantial individual and societal consequences.Current patient classification and subsequent positioning of I...The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is complex and multifactorial.Undertreated disease has substantial individual and societal consequences.Current patient classification and subsequent positioning of IBD therapy are based on crude,readily accessible clinical data.These broad parameters are unlikely to reflect underlying molecular profiles and may account for the observed heterogeneity in treatment response.Precision medicine offers identification and integration of molecular profiles into clinical decision-making.Despite several promising scientific and technological advances,the pathogenesis and targetable molecular drivers of IBD remain incompletely understood.Precision medicine therefore remains aspirational.This comprehensive narrative review describes our current understanding of IBD pathophysiology,highlights preliminary genetic,immunological and microbial predictors of treatment response and outlines the role of‘big data’and machine learning in the path towards precision medicine.展开更多
文摘Over the last two decades there has been a broad paradigm shift in our understanding of gastric cancer(GC)and its premalignant states from gross histological models to increasingly precise molecular descriptions.In this review we reflect upon the historic approaches to describing premalignant lesions and GC,highlight the current molecular landscape and how this could inform future risk assessment prevention strategies.
文摘Real-tine in vivo microscopic imaging has becomne a reality with the advent of confocal and nonlinear endomicroscopy.These devices are best utilized in conjunction with standard white light endoscopy.We evaluated the use of fuorescence endomicroscopy in detecting microscopic abnormalities in colonic tisues.Mice of C57bl/6 strain had intraperitoneal injection with azoxymethane once every week for five weeks and littermates,not exposed to azoxymethane served as controls.After 14 weeks,intestines were imaged by fuorescence endomicroscopy.The images show obvious cellular structural diferences between those two groups of mice.The difference in endomicroscopy imaging can be used for identifying tissues suspicious for neoplasia or other changes,leading to early diagnosis of gastrointestinal track of cancer.
文摘The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is complex and multifactorial.Undertreated disease has substantial individual and societal consequences.Current patient classification and subsequent positioning of IBD therapy are based on crude,readily accessible clinical data.These broad parameters are unlikely to reflect underlying molecular profiles and may account for the observed heterogeneity in treatment response.Precision medicine offers identification and integration of molecular profiles into clinical decision-making.Despite several promising scientific and technological advances,the pathogenesis and targetable molecular drivers of IBD remain incompletely understood.Precision medicine therefore remains aspirational.This comprehensive narrative review describes our current understanding of IBD pathophysiology,highlights preliminary genetic,immunological and microbial predictors of treatment response and outlines the role of‘big data’and machine learning in the path towards precision medicine.
