Background Inflammatory bowel disease causes intestinal structural damage,impairs gut function,hinders animal growth and development,and reduces farming efficiency.Previous studies demonstrated that lactate alleviates...Background Inflammatory bowel disease causes intestinal structural damage,impairs gut function,hinders animal growth and development,and reduces farming efficiency.Previous studies demonstrated that lactate alleviates dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced inflammation and mitigates weight loss by enhancing intestinal barrier functions.However,the mechanisms underlying lactate-mediated protection of the intestinal epithelial barrier remain unclear.This study aimed to explore the protective effect of lactate on intestinal barrier damage in colitis piglets and the possible underlying mechanisms through in vivo and in vitro experiments.Methods A total of 6021-day-old weaned female piglets were randomly assigned into three groups based on weight:the control group(basal diet with physiological saline gavage),the DSS group(basal diet with 5%DSS gavage),and the DSS+LA group(2%lactate diet with 5%DSS gavage).There were 10 replicates per treatment,with 2 piglets per replicate.Jejunal morphology was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin staining,while Western blotting quantified the protein levels of proliferation markers,including cluster of differentiation 24(CD24),cyclin D1,and wingless/integrated(Wnt)/β-catenin signaling components.In vitro,0.08%DSS and 2–32 mmol/L sodium lactate-treated intestinal porcine epithelial cell line-J2(IPEC-J2)cells(n=4)were assessed for viability(Cell Counting Kit-8 assay),apoptosis(flow cytometry),and proliferation parameters,including cell cycle analysis and Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5(Lgr5+)stem cell quantification.Results In vivo,DSS administration induced jejunal villus shortening(P<0.05),downregulated protein levels of CD24,cyclin D1,casein kinase 1(CK1),and dishevelled-2(DVL2)(P<0.05).In vitro,DSS promoted apoptosis,inhibited proliferation,diminished the Lgr5+cell populations(P<0.05),and reduced S-phase cell proportions(P<0.05).Conversely,lactate supplementation ameliorated DSS-induced villus atrophy(P<0.05),restored CD24,cyclin D1,CK1,and DVL2 protein levels(P<0.05).Furthermore,in vitro,sodium lactate attenuated DSS-induced apoptosis(P<0.05),enhanced IPEC-J2 proliferation(P<0.05),expanded Lgr5+cells(P<0.05),and increased S-phase progression(P<0.05).Conclusions In summary,lactate ameliorated intestinal barrier damage in DSS-induced colitis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and restoring the balance between epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis.This study provides novel mechanistic evidence supporting lactate's therapeutic potential for IBD management.展开更多
Background Diarrhea remains a major health concern in both young animals and humans.Prevotella spp.,a dominant commensal genus in the healthy porcine gut,becomes increasingly abundant following weaning,suggesting a po...Background Diarrhea remains a major health concern in both young animals and humans.Prevotella spp.,a dominant commensal genus in the healthy porcine gut,becomes increasingly abundant following weaning,suggesting a potential role during this critical transitional period.However,its involvement in post-weaning diarrhea remains poorly understood.Here,we aim to elucidate the role and underlying mechanisms of Prevotella in alleviating diarrhea in weaned piglets.Results To model unsanitary housing conditions,piglets were housed in uncleaned pens containing residual fecal matter from previous occupants and exposed to cold stress by maintaining the ambient temperature at 19℃,below the optimal 28℃.Under these conditions,piglets were orally administered either a blank medium(CON,n=10×2)or Prevotella copri at 1×10^(8)CFU(Pc,n=10×2)on d 1,3,and 5.After 28 d,cold stress induced a diarrhea incidence of 33.45%in the CON group,while P.copri supplementation significantly reduced the diarrhea rate to 19.73%.Treatment with P.copri markedly improved intestinal morphology in the small intestine,decreased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein(i-FABP),and enhanced total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and catalase(CAT)activity.Quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that P.copri significantly increased the colonic abundance of Prevotella,reshaping both the composition and functional profile of the gut microbiota.Moreover,P.copri enhanced the modularity and robustness of microbial ecological networks.Untargeted metabolomic profiling of colonic contents revealed a significant enrichment of metabolites involved in the arachidonic acid pathway following P.copri supplementation.In parallel,untargeted metabolomics of P.copri culture supernatants identified differential metabolic pathways including metabolic pathways,biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,and biosynthesis of antibiotics.In vitro assays demonstrated that P.copri-derived metabolites inhibited the growth of three common porcine intestinal pathogens.Furthermore,both P.copri metabolites and arachidonic acid enhanced intestinal barrier integrity and suppressed TNF-α-induced inflammation and apoptosis in Caco-2 cells through activation of the AHR–Nrf2 signaling pathway.Conclusions These findings highlight the role of P.copri in maintaining gut homeostasis and provide new insights into microbiota-based interventions for early-life intestinal disorders.展开更多
Background Inflammatory bowel disease is a significant health concern for both humans and large-scale farm animals.In the quest for effective alternatives to antibiotics,next-generation probiotics(NGPs)have emerged as...Background Inflammatory bowel disease is a significant health concern for both humans and large-scale farm animals.In the quest for effective alternatives to antibiotics,next-generation probiotics(NGPs)have emerged as a promising option.The genus Blautia presents a rich source of potential NGP strains.Here we successfully isolated Blautia hominis LYH1 strain from the intestines of healthy weaned piglets and characterized its biological traits.Its antiinflammatory activity was then assessed using macrophages,while its protective effects against colitis and gut barrier damage were validated in a DSS-induced mouse colitis model.Results B.hominis LYH1 displayed typical characteristics of an obligate anaerobe,including non-hemolytic and nonmotile features,and a genome enriched with carbohydrate-active enzyme genes.It produced metabolites with antibiotic-like compounds,demonstrating antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli.In vitro,B.hominis LYH1 effectively inhibited pathogen replication in macrophages,reducing cellular infections and alleviating inflammatory damage.In vivo,oral administration of B.hominis LYH1 or its metabolites significantly mitigated DSS-induced colitis in mice by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines,inhibiting T-lymphocyte activation,and enhancing short-chain fatty acid production.Conclusions Our findings underscore B.hominis LYH1’s potential as a NGP for maintaining gut health and combating intestinal inflammation.These findings offer valuable insights into the development of antibiotic alternatives and innovative strategies for preventing and treating enteritis in both agricultural and medical settings.展开更多
Bamboo is known for its edible shoots and beautiful texture and has considerable economic and ornamental value.Unique among traditional flowering plants,many bamboo plants undergo extensive synchronized flowering foll...Bamboo is known for its edible shoots and beautiful texture and has considerable economic and ornamental value.Unique among traditional flowering plants,many bamboo plants undergo extensive synchronized flowering followed by large-scale death,seriously affecting the productivity and application of bamboo forests.To date,the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering characteristics has remained unknown.In this study,a SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1(SOC1)-like gene,BoMADS50,was identified from Bambusa oldhamii.BoMADS50 was highly expressed in mature leaves and the floral primordium formation period during B.oldhamii flowering and overexpression of BoMADS50 caused early fl owering in transgenic rice.Moreover,BoMADS50 could interact with APETALA1/FRUITFULL(AP1/FUL)-like proteins(BoMADS 14-1/2,BoMADS15-1/2)in vivo,and the expression of BoMADS50 was signi ficantly promoted by BoMADS14-1,further indicating a synergistic effect between BoMADS50 and BoAP1/FUL-like proteins in regulating B.oldhamii flowering.We also identi fi ed four additional transcripts of BoMADS50(BoMADS50-1/2/3/4)with different nucleotide variations.Although the protein-CDS were polymorphic,they had flowering activation functions similar to those of BoMADS50.Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays subsequently showed that both BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 bind to the promoter fragment of itself and the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)-like gene BoSVP,but only BoMADS50-1 can positively induce their transcription.Therefore,nucleotide variations likely endow BoMADS50-1 with strong regulatory activity.Thus,BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1/2/3/4 are probably important positive flowering regulators in B.oldhamii.Moreover,the functional conservatism and speci ficity of BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 might be related to the synchronized and sporadic flowering characteristics of B.oldhamii.展开更多
NiS2 has become a research hotspot of anode materials for Na-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity.However,the volume effect,the dissolution of polysulfide intermediates and the low conductivity ...NiS2 has become a research hotspot of anode materials for Na-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity.However,the volume effect,the dissolution of polysulfide intermediates and the low conductivity during the charge/discharge process lead to the low specific capacity and poor cycling stability.NiS2/rGO nanocomposite was prepared by a facile two-step process:GO was prepared by modified Hummers method,and then NiS2/rGO nanocomposite was synthesized by L-cys assisted hydrothermal method.NiS2/rGO nanocomposite shows excellent cycle performance and rate performance,which could be attributed to the mesoporous structure on the graphene skeleton with high conductivity.Besides,the chemical constraint of a unique S—O bond on NiS2 could inhibit the dissolution of intermediates and the loss of irreversible capacity.展开更多
Improving the reversibility of anionic redox and inhibiting irreversible oxygen evolution are the main challenges in the application of high reversible capacity Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials.A facile synchronous ...Improving the reversibility of anionic redox and inhibiting irreversible oxygen evolution are the main challenges in the application of high reversible capacity Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials.A facile synchronous lithiation strategy combining the advantages of yttrium doping and LiYO_(2) surface coating is proposed.Yttrium doping effectively suppresses the oxygen evolution during the delithiation process by increasing the energy barrier of oxygen evolution reaction through strong Y–O bond energy.LiYO_(2) nanocoating has the function of structural constraint and protection,that protecting the lattice oxygen exposed to the surface,thus avoiding irreversible oxidation.As an Li^(+) conductor,LiYO_(2) nano-coating can provide a fast Li^(+) transfer channel,which enables the sample to have excellent rate performance.The synergistic effect of Y doping and nano-LiYO_(2) coating integration suppresses the oxygen release from the surface,accelerates the diffusion of Li^(+)from electrolyte to electrode and decreases the interfacial side reactions,enabling the lithium ion batteries to obtain good electrochemical performance.The lithium-ion full cell employing the Y-1 sample(cathode)and commercial graphite(anode)exhibit an excellent specific energy density of 442.9 Wh kg^(-1) at a current density of 0.1C,with very stable safety performance,which can be used in a wide temperature range(60 to-15℃)stable operation.This result illustrates a new integration strategy for advanced cathode materials to achieve high specific energy density.展开更多
Background Appropriate iron supplementation is essential for neonatal growth and development.However,there are few reports on the effects of iron overload on neonatal growth and immune homeostasis.Thus,the aim of this...Background Appropriate iron supplementation is essential for neonatal growth and development.However,there are few reports on the effects of iron overload on neonatal growth and immune homeostasis.Thus,the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iron nutrition on neonatal growth and intestinal immunity by administering different levels of iron to neonatal pigs.Results We found that iron deficiency and iron overload resulted in slow growth in neonatal pigs.Iron deficiency and iron overload led to down-regulation of jejunum intestinal barrier and antioxidant marker genes,and promoted CD8^(+)T cell differentiation in jejunum and mesenteric lymph nodes(MLN)of pigs,disrupting intestinal health.Moreover,iron levels altered serum iron and tissue iron status leading to disturbances in redox state,affecting host innate and adaptive immunity.Conclusions These findings emphasized the effect of iron nutrition on host health and elucidated the importance of iron in regulating redox state and immunity development.This study provided valuable insights into the regulation of redox state and immune function by iron metabolism in early life,thus contributing to the development of targeted interventions and nutritional strategies to optimize iron nutrition in neonates.展开更多
Background Addressing the shortage of high-quality protein resources,this study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal(SBM)with different levels of enzymolysis-fe rmentation compound protei...Background Addressing the shortage of high-quality protein resources,this study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal(SBM)with different levels of enzymolysis-fe rmentation compound protein feed(EFCP)in the diets of growing—finishing pigs,focusing on growth perfo rmance,nutrients digestibility;carcass traits,and meat quality.Methods Sixty DLY(Durdcx LandracexYorkshire)pigs with an initial body weight of 42.76±2.05 kg were assigto 5 diietary treatments in a 2×2+1 factorial design.These dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal diet(CON),untreated compound protein feed(UCP)substitution 50%(U50)and 100%SBM(U100)diets,and EFCP substitution 50%(EF50)and 100%SBM(EF100)diets.Each treatment had 6 pens(replicates)with 2 pigs per pen,and the experiment lasted 58 d,divided into phaseⅠ(1-28 d)and phaseⅡ(29-58 d).Following phaseⅠ,only the CON,U50,and EF50 groups were continued for phaseⅡ,each with 5 replicate pens.On d 59,a total of 15 pigs(1 pig/pen,5pens/treatment)were euthanized.Results During phaseⅠ,the EF50 group had a higher average daily gain(ADG)in pigs(P<0.05)compared to the CON group,whereas the U50 group did not have a significant difference.As the substitution ratio of UCP and EFCP increased in phaseⅠ,there was a noticeable reduction in the final body weight and ADG(P<0.05),along with an increase in the feed-to-gain ratio(F/G)(P<0.05).In phaseⅡ,there were no significant differences in growth performance among the treatment groups,but EF50 increased the apparent digestibility of several nutrients(including dry matter,crude protein,crude fiber,acid detergent fiber,ash,gross energy)compared to U50.The EF50 group also exhibited significantly higher serum levels of neuropeptide Y and ghrelin compared to the CON and U50 groups(P<0.05),Moreover,the EF50 group had higher carcass weight and carcass length than those in the CON and U50groups(P<0.05),with no significant difference in meat quality.Conclusions The study findings suggest that replacing 50%SBM with EFCP during the growing-finishing period can improve the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and carcass traits of pigs without compromising meat quality This research offers valuable insights into the modification of unconventional plant protein meals and developing alternatives to SBM.展开更多
Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD),a disease associated with ageing,is characterised by a notable increase in senescent nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs)as IVDD progresses.However,the specific mechanisms that regulate ...Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD),a disease associated with ageing,is characterised by a notable increase in senescent nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs)as IVDD progresses.However,the specific mechanisms that regulate the senescence of NPCs remain unknown.In this study,we observed impaired autophagy in IVDD-NPCs,which contributed to the upregulation of NPCs senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP).The dysregulated SASP disrupted NPCs viability and initiated extracellular matrix degradation.Conversely,the restoration of autophagy reversed the senescence phenotype by inhibiting GATA binding protein 4(GATA4).Moreover,we made the novel observation that a cross-talk between histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation(H3K4me3)modification and N6-methyladenosine(m6A)-methylated modification regulates autophagy in IVDD-NPCs.Mechanistically,lysine methyltransferase 2A(KMT2A)promoted the expression of methyltransferase-like 3(METTL3)through H3K4me3 modification,whereas METTL3-mediated m6A modification reduced the expression of autophagy-associated 4a(ATG4a)by attenuating its RNA stability,leading to autophagy damage in NPCs.Silencing KMT2A and METTL3 enhanced autophagic flux and suppressed SASP expression in IVDD-NPCs.Therefore,targeting the H3K4me3-regulated METTL3/ATG4a/GATA4 axis may represent a promising new therapeutic strategy for IVDD.展开更多
Efficient,stable and economical catalysts play a crucial role in enhancing the kinetics of slow oxygen reduction reactions(ORR)in Aluminum-air batteries.Among the potential next-generation candidates,Ag catalysts are ...Efficient,stable and economical catalysts play a crucial role in enhancing the kinetics of slow oxygen reduction reactions(ORR)in Aluminum-air batteries.Among the potential next-generation candidates,Ag catalysts are promising due to their high activity and low cost,but weaker oxygen adsorption has hindered industrialization.To address this bottleneck,Ag-alloying has emerged as a principal strategy.In this work,we successfully prepared Ag-Cu nanoparticles(NPs)with a rich eutectic phase and uniform dispersion structure using plasma evaporation.The increased solid solution of Ag and Cu led to changes in the electronic structure,resulting in an upward shift of the d-band center,which significantly improved oxygen adsorption.The combination of Ag and Cu in the NPs synergistically enhanced the adsorption of Ag and the desorption of Cu.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that Ag-Cu25 NPs exhibited the smallest limiting reaction barrier,leading to increased ORR activity.To further optimize the catalyst’s performance,we utilized N-doped porous nanocarbon(N-PC)with high electrical conductivity and abundant mesoporous channels as the support for the Ag-Cu NPs.The N-PC support provided optimal mass transfer carriers for the highly active Ag-Cu25 NPs.As a result,the Ag-Cu25/NPC catalyst displayed excellent ORR activity in alkaline media,with a half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.82 V.Furthermore,the Al-air battery incorporating the Ag-Cu25/NPC catalyst exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance.It demonstrated high open-circuit voltages of 1.89 V and remarkable power densities of 193 m W cm^(-2).The battery also sustained a high current output and maintained a stable high voltage for 120 hours under mechanical charging,showcasing its significant potential for practical applications.展开更多
Previous studies of integrin αvβ3 have focused on ischemic brain damage, although the role of integrin αvβ3 in ischemic preconditioning （IP） has rarely been reported. The present study analyzed the effects of IP...Previous studies of integrin αvβ3 have focused on ischemic brain damage, although the role of integrin αvβ3 in ischemic preconditioning （IP） has rarely been reported. The present study analyzed the effects of IP on integrin αvβ3 mRNA expression following cerebral ischemia through the use of hematoxylin-eosin staining and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques. Integrin avid3 mRNA expression in the ischemia group peaked at 24 hours after ischemia-reperfusion. In the IP ＋ ischemia group, integrin αvβ3 mRNA expression increased after 24 hours, but remained significantly less than the ischemia group, and expression continued to increase until 7 days after ischemiaJreperfusion. These results demonstrate that IP effectively attenuated upregulation of integrin αvβ3 mRNA expression at 24 hours after ischemia.展开更多
Achieving superior ionic conductivity of Li PON solid electrolyte films is critical for the solid-state thinfilm batteries with high energy density.Here we describe a method of preparing Li PON with promising ionic mi...Achieving superior ionic conductivity of Li PON solid electrolyte films is critical for the solid-state thinfilm batteries with high energy density.Here we describe a method of preparing Li PON with promising ionic migration capability and high work function by systematically tailoring the concentration of Fe ions doping.Fe-doped LiPON exhibits excellent ionic conductivity(1.08×10^(-5)S cm^(-1),nearly 10 times higher than the pristine LiPON),low ionic activation energy,and moderate equilibrium potential difference(versus LiCoO_(2),0.78 V)at room temperature.The favorable ionic mobility and electrochemical stability of Fedoped Li PON are fully confirmed.All-solid-state“Li/LiPON/LiCoO_(2)”TFB has been successfully constructed with a large specific capacity(~36.3μAh cm^(-2)μm^(-1)at 10μA cm^(-2))and good cycle performance(87.8%capacity retention after 40 cycles).Fe with the unique d-orbital electronic structure changes the local electron density of Li PON system with the weakened electrostatic constraint of PO_(3)N^(4-)tetrahedrons to Li^(+).A low Li^(+)migration barrier center is established around the Fe–N bridge bonds.展开更多
Background Transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV)is one of the main pathogens causing severe diarrhea of pig-lets.The pathogenesis of TGEV is closely related to intestinal inflammation.All-trans retinoic acid(ATRA)...Background Transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV)is one of the main pathogens causing severe diarrhea of pig-lets.The pathogenesis of TGEV is closely related to intestinal inflammation.All-trans retinoic acid(ATRA)is the main active metabolite of vitamin A,which has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.However,it is unclear whether ATRA can alleviate TGEV-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction in piglets.This study aimed to investigate the effects of ATRA on growth performance,diarrhea,intestinal inflammation and intesti-nal barrier integrity of TGEV-challenged piglets.Methods In a 19-d study,32 weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments:Control group(basal diet),TGEV group(basal diet+TGEV challenge),TGEV+ATRA5 group(basal diet+5 mg/d ATRA+TGEV challenge)and TGEV+ATRA15 group(basal diet+15 mg/d ATRA+TGEV challenge).On d 14,piglets were orally administered TGEV or the sterile medium.Results Feeding piglets with 5 and 15 mg/d ATRA alleviated the growth inhibition and diarrhea induced by TGEV(P<0.05).Feeding piglets with 5 and 15 mg/d ATRA also inhibited the increase of serum diamine oxidase(DAO)activ-ity and the decrease of occludin and claudin-1 protein levels in jejunal mucosa induced by TGEV,and maintained intestinal barrier integrity(P<0.05).Meanwhile,5 mg/d ATRA feeding increased the sucrase activity and the expres-sions of nutrient transporter related genes(GLUT2 and SLC7A1)in jejunal mucosa of TGEV-challenged piglets(P<0.05).Furthermore,5 mg/d ATRA feeding attenuated TGEV-induced intestinal inflammatory response by inhibit-ing the release of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and promoting the secretion of IL-10 and secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)(P<0.05).Feeding 5 mg/d ATRA also down-regulated the expressions of Toll-like receptors and RIG-I like receptors signaling pathway related genes(TLR3,TLR4,RIG-I,MyD88,TRIF and MAVS)and the phosphorylation level of nuclear factor-κB-p65(NF-κB p65),and up-regulated the inhibitor kappa B alpha(IκBα)protein level in jejunal mucosa of TGEV-challenged piglets(P<0.05).Conclusions ATRA alleviated TGEV-induced intestinal barrier damage by inhibiting inflammatory response,thus improving the growth performance and inhibiting diarrhea of piglets.The mechanism was associated with the inhibi-tion of NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by TLR3,TLR4 and RIG-I.展开更多
Polycrystalline silicon （poly-Si） films were deposited using Ar diluted SiH4 gaseous mixture by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition （ECR-PECVD）. The effects of the substrate temp...Polycrystalline silicon （poly-Si） films were deposited using Ar diluted SiH4 gaseous mixture by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition （ECR-PECVD）. The effects of the substrate temperature on deposition rate, crystallinity, grain size and the configuration of H existing in poly-Si film were investigated. The results show that, comparing with H2 dilution, Ar dilution could significantly decrease the concentration of H on the growing surface. When the substrate temperature increased, the deposition rate increased and the concentration of H decreased monotonously, but the crystallinity and the grain size of poly-Si films exhibited sophisticated trends. It is proposed that the crystallinity of the films is determined by a competing balance of the self-diffusion activity of Si atoms and the deposition rate. At substrate temperature of 200℃, the deposited film exhibits the maximum poly-Si volume fraction of 79%. Based on these results, higher substrate temperature is suggested to prepare the poly-Si films with advanced stability and compromised crystallinity at high deposition rate.展开更多
In this paper, polycrystalline silicon films were deposited by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition （ECR-PECVD） using SiH4/Ar and SiH4/H2 gaseous mixture. Effects of argon flow rate...In this paper, polycrystalline silicon films were deposited by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition （ECR-PECVD） using SiH4/Ar and SiH4/H2 gaseous mixture. Effects of argon flow rate on the deposition efficiency and the film property were investigated by comparing with H2. The results indicated that the deposition rate of using Ar as discharge gas was 1.5-2 times higher than that of using H2, while the preferred orientations and the grain sizes of the films were analogous. Film crystallinity increased with the increase of Ar flow rate. Optimized flow ratio of SiH4 to Ar was obtained as F（SiH4）： F（Ar）=10：70 for the highest deposition rate.展开更多
MicroRNA319(miR319)has been implicated in leaf development in a number of plant species.Here we study the roles of miR319a and its regulated network in leaf development in poplars.Over-expression of miR319a in Populus...MicroRNA319(miR319)has been implicated in leaf development in a number of plant species.Here we study the roles of miR319a and its regulated network in leaf development in poplars.Over-expression of miR319a in Populus alba×Populus glandulosa caused dwarf statures,narrow leaf blades and serrated leaf margins.The vascular bundles and bundle sheaths in transgenic leaves had more layers of cells than those in the leaves of control plants,indicating enhanced lignification in these cells.Among the 93 putative targets of miR319a predicted with the psRNATarget tool,only three genes,TCP(TEOSINTE BRANCHED1,CYCLOIDEA,and PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN BINDING FACTOR),were differentially expressed in the leaves of MIR319a-over-expression transgenic lines.With the RNA-seq data sets from multiple MIR319a over-expression transgenic lines,we built a three-layered gene regulatory network mediated by miR319a using Top-down graphic Gaussian model(GGM)algorithm that is capable of capturing causal relationships from transcriptomic data.The results support that miR319a primarily regulates the lignin biosynthesis,leaf development and differentiation as well as photosynthesis via miR319-MEE35/TCP4,miR319-TCP2 and miR319-TCP2-1 regulatory modules.展开更多
The purpose of this research was to investigate how different bile acids impact lipid metabolism and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs,along with the potential mechanisms involved.Twenty-one finishing pigs(Dur...The purpose of this research was to investigate how different bile acids impact lipid metabolism and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs,along with the potential mechanisms involved.Twenty-one finishing pigs(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire[DLY];average BW=144.38±8.92 kg)were assigned to three dietary treatments,with each treatment containing seven replicates,each consisting of one pig.The three dietary treatments included:a basic diet,a basic diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg of hyodeoxycholic acid(HDCA),and a basic diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg of lithocholic acid(LCA).The trial lasted for 28 d.Hyodeoxycholic acid was used in the in vitro experiments and added to mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes for 4 d to elucidate the mechanism by which bile acids regulate lipid metabolism.The results suggested that HDCA tended to decrease backfat thickness in finishing pigs(P=0.094)and reduced the size of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes(P=0.012),whereas LCA increased backfat thickness(P=0.016)and induced larger lipid droplets in the abdominal adipose tissue(P=0.003).Furthermore,HDCA enhanced the expression of Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 protein and hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL)gene in backfat of pigs(P<0.05)and increased the protein expression of phosphorylated HSL(p-HSL)in vitro(P=0.093).Compared to HDCA,LCA addition increased the gene and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma in backfat of pigs(P<0.05)and enhanced the expression of hepatic genes sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and fatty acid synthase(P<0.05).In conclusion,HDCA enhanced lipolysis and partially decreased backfat thickness in finishing pigs,while LCA promoted lipid synthesis and increased backfat thickness of pigs.The variations in the effects of various bile acids on bile acid receptors could explain these functional differences.展开更多
Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD)is one of the leading causes of lower back pain,typically accompanied by oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and imbalances in the mechanical microenvironment.In this study,we...Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD)is one of the leading causes of lower back pain,typically accompanied by oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and imbalances in the mechanical microenvironment.In this study,we developed a multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel for minimally invasive treatment of IVDD.This hydrogel(TP-Arg@MTG)incorporates tea polyphenol and L-arginine self-assembled nanoparticles(TP-Arg)into a gelatin–mucin matrix,followed by enzymatic crosslinking via transglutaminase to enhance structural stability.The nanoparticles of TP-Arg not only exhibit an exceptional ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)but also effectively promote the synthesis of the extracellular matrix(ECM)through nitric oxide(NO)-mediated signaling pathways.Their integration significantly improves the mechanical strength of the hydrogel while enabling sustained release functionality.Gelatin offers cell adhesion and ECM-like architecture,whereas mucin enhances lubrication and moisture retention,better mimicking the native microenvironment of the nucleus pulposus.In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the hydrogel possesses favorable biocompatibility,effectively attenuates inflammatory responses in nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs),and maintains cellular viability and ECM stability.Collectively,TP-Arg@MTG holds great promise as a novel therapeutic strategy for IVDD by synergistically addressing oxidative damage and mechanical instability through antioxidation,tissue repair promotion,and mechanical reinforcement.展开更多
Flowers are the core reproductive organ of plants, and flowering is essential for cross-pollination. Diurnal flower-opening time is thus a key trait influencing reproductive isolation, hybrid breeding, and thermostabi...Flowers are the core reproductive organ of plants, and flowering is essential for cross-pollination. Diurnal flower-opening time is thus a key trait influencing reproductive isolation, hybrid breeding, and thermostability in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling this trait remain unknown. Here, we report that rice Diurnal Flower Opening Time 1 (DFOT1) modulates pectin methylesterase (PME) activity to regulate pectin methylesterification levels of the lodicule cell walls, which affect lodicule swelling to control diurnal flower-opening time. DFOT1 is specifically expressed in the lodicules, and its expression gradually increases with the approach to flowering but decreases with flowering. Importantly, a knockout of DFOT1 showed earlier diurnal flower opening. We demonstrate that DFOT1 interacts directly with multiple PMEs to promote their activity. Knockout of PME40 also resulted in early diurnal flower opening, whereas overexpression of PME42 delayed diurnal flower opening. Lower PME activity was observed to be associated with higher levels of pectin methylesterification and the softening of cell walls in lodicules, which contribute to the absorption of water by lodicules and cause them to swell, thus promoting early diurnal flower opening. Higher PME activity had the opposite effect. Collectively, our work uncovers a molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of diurnal flower-opening time in rice, which would help reduce the costs of hybrid breeding and improve the heat tolerance of flowering plants by avoiding higher temperatures at anthesis.展开更多
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021ZDZX0009)the earmarked fund from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972577)。
文摘Background Inflammatory bowel disease causes intestinal structural damage,impairs gut function,hinders animal growth and development,and reduces farming efficiency.Previous studies demonstrated that lactate alleviates dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced inflammation and mitigates weight loss by enhancing intestinal barrier functions.However,the mechanisms underlying lactate-mediated protection of the intestinal epithelial barrier remain unclear.This study aimed to explore the protective effect of lactate on intestinal barrier damage in colitis piglets and the possible underlying mechanisms through in vivo and in vitro experiments.Methods A total of 6021-day-old weaned female piglets were randomly assigned into three groups based on weight:the control group(basal diet with physiological saline gavage),the DSS group(basal diet with 5%DSS gavage),and the DSS+LA group(2%lactate diet with 5%DSS gavage).There were 10 replicates per treatment,with 2 piglets per replicate.Jejunal morphology was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin staining,while Western blotting quantified the protein levels of proliferation markers,including cluster of differentiation 24(CD24),cyclin D1,and wingless/integrated(Wnt)/β-catenin signaling components.In vitro,0.08%DSS and 2–32 mmol/L sodium lactate-treated intestinal porcine epithelial cell line-J2(IPEC-J2)cells(n=4)were assessed for viability(Cell Counting Kit-8 assay),apoptosis(flow cytometry),and proliferation parameters,including cell cycle analysis and Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5(Lgr5+)stem cell quantification.Results In vivo,DSS administration induced jejunal villus shortening(P<0.05),downregulated protein levels of CD24,cyclin D1,casein kinase 1(CK1),and dishevelled-2(DVL2)(P<0.05).In vitro,DSS promoted apoptosis,inhibited proliferation,diminished the Lgr5+cell populations(P<0.05),and reduced S-phase cell proportions(P<0.05).Conversely,lactate supplementation ameliorated DSS-induced villus atrophy(P<0.05),restored CD24,cyclin D1,CK1,and DVL2 protein levels(P<0.05).Furthermore,in vitro,sodium lactate attenuated DSS-induced apoptosis(P<0.05),enhanced IPEC-J2 proliferation(P<0.05),expanded Lgr5+cells(P<0.05),and increased S-phase progression(P<0.05).Conclusions In summary,lactate ameliorated intestinal barrier damage in DSS-induced colitis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and restoring the balance between epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis.This study provides novel mechanistic evidence supporting lactate's therapeutic potential for IBD management.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730091,32372900,32072743)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC0237)Major Science and Technology Projects in Sichuan Province(2021ZDZX0009)。
文摘Background Diarrhea remains a major health concern in both young animals and humans.Prevotella spp.,a dominant commensal genus in the healthy porcine gut,becomes increasingly abundant following weaning,suggesting a potential role during this critical transitional period.However,its involvement in post-weaning diarrhea remains poorly understood.Here,we aim to elucidate the role and underlying mechanisms of Prevotella in alleviating diarrhea in weaned piglets.Results To model unsanitary housing conditions,piglets were housed in uncleaned pens containing residual fecal matter from previous occupants and exposed to cold stress by maintaining the ambient temperature at 19℃,below the optimal 28℃.Under these conditions,piglets were orally administered either a blank medium(CON,n=10×2)or Prevotella copri at 1×10^(8)CFU(Pc,n=10×2)on d 1,3,and 5.After 28 d,cold stress induced a diarrhea incidence of 33.45%in the CON group,while P.copri supplementation significantly reduced the diarrhea rate to 19.73%.Treatment with P.copri markedly improved intestinal morphology in the small intestine,decreased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein(i-FABP),and enhanced total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and catalase(CAT)activity.Quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that P.copri significantly increased the colonic abundance of Prevotella,reshaping both the composition and functional profile of the gut microbiota.Moreover,P.copri enhanced the modularity and robustness of microbial ecological networks.Untargeted metabolomic profiling of colonic contents revealed a significant enrichment of metabolites involved in the arachidonic acid pathway following P.copri supplementation.In parallel,untargeted metabolomics of P.copri culture supernatants identified differential metabolic pathways including metabolic pathways,biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,and biosynthesis of antibiotics.In vitro assays demonstrated that P.copri-derived metabolites inhibited the growth of three common porcine intestinal pathogens.Furthermore,both P.copri metabolites and arachidonic acid enhanced intestinal barrier integrity and suppressed TNF-α-induced inflammation and apoptosis in Caco-2 cells through activation of the AHR–Nrf2 signaling pathway.Conclusions These findings highlight the role of P.copri in maintaining gut homeostasis and provide new insights into microbiota-based interventions for early-life intestinal disorders.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC0237)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372900)Major Special Projects in Sichuan Province(2021ZDZX0009).
文摘Background Inflammatory bowel disease is a significant health concern for both humans and large-scale farm animals.In the quest for effective alternatives to antibiotics,next-generation probiotics(NGPs)have emerged as a promising option.The genus Blautia presents a rich source of potential NGP strains.Here we successfully isolated Blautia hominis LYH1 strain from the intestines of healthy weaned piglets and characterized its biological traits.Its antiinflammatory activity was then assessed using macrophages,while its protective effects against colitis and gut barrier damage were validated in a DSS-induced mouse colitis model.Results B.hominis LYH1 displayed typical characteristics of an obligate anaerobe,including non-hemolytic and nonmotile features,and a genome enriched with carbohydrate-active enzyme genes.It produced metabolites with antibiotic-like compounds,demonstrating antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli.In vitro,B.hominis LYH1 effectively inhibited pathogen replication in macrophages,reducing cellular infections and alleviating inflammatory damage.In vivo,oral administration of B.hominis LYH1 or its metabolites significantly mitigated DSS-induced colitis in mice by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines,inhibiting T-lymphocyte activation,and enhancing short-chain fatty acid production.Conclusions Our findings underscore B.hominis LYH1’s potential as a NGP for maintaining gut health and combating intestinal inflammation.These findings offer valuable insights into the development of antibiotic alternatives and innovative strategies for preventing and treating enteritis in both agricultural and medical settings.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ20C160002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971735)the State Key Lab oratory of Subtropical Silviculture(ZY20180203).
文摘Bamboo is known for its edible shoots and beautiful texture and has considerable economic and ornamental value.Unique among traditional flowering plants,many bamboo plants undergo extensive synchronized flowering followed by large-scale death,seriously affecting the productivity and application of bamboo forests.To date,the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering characteristics has remained unknown.In this study,a SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1(SOC1)-like gene,BoMADS50,was identified from Bambusa oldhamii.BoMADS50 was highly expressed in mature leaves and the floral primordium formation period during B.oldhamii flowering and overexpression of BoMADS50 caused early fl owering in transgenic rice.Moreover,BoMADS50 could interact with APETALA1/FRUITFULL(AP1/FUL)-like proteins(BoMADS 14-1/2,BoMADS15-1/2)in vivo,and the expression of BoMADS50 was signi ficantly promoted by BoMADS14-1,further indicating a synergistic effect between BoMADS50 and BoAP1/FUL-like proteins in regulating B.oldhamii flowering.We also identi fi ed four additional transcripts of BoMADS50(BoMADS50-1/2/3/4)with different nucleotide variations.Although the protein-CDS were polymorphic,they had flowering activation functions similar to those of BoMADS50.Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays subsequently showed that both BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 bind to the promoter fragment of itself and the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP)-like gene BoSVP,but only BoMADS50-1 can positively induce their transcription.Therefore,nucleotide variations likely endow BoMADS50-1 with strong regulatory activity.Thus,BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1/2/3/4 are probably important positive flowering regulators in B.oldhamii.Moreover,the functional conservatism and speci ficity of BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 might be related to the synchronized and sporadic flowering characteristics of B.oldhamii.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.51171033)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT19LAB29)。
文摘NiS2 has become a research hotspot of anode materials for Na-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity.However,the volume effect,the dissolution of polysulfide intermediates and the low conductivity during the charge/discharge process lead to the low specific capacity and poor cycling stability.NiS2/rGO nanocomposite was prepared by a facile two-step process:GO was prepared by modified Hummers method,and then NiS2/rGO nanocomposite was synthesized by L-cys assisted hydrothermal method.NiS2/rGO nanocomposite shows excellent cycle performance and rate performance,which could be attributed to the mesoporous structure on the graphene skeleton with high conductivity.Besides,the chemical constraint of a unique S—O bond on NiS2 could inhibit the dissolution of intermediates and the loss of irreversible capacity.
基金This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT20LAB123 and DUT20LAB307)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20191167).
文摘Improving the reversibility of anionic redox and inhibiting irreversible oxygen evolution are the main challenges in the application of high reversible capacity Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials.A facile synchronous lithiation strategy combining the advantages of yttrium doping and LiYO_(2) surface coating is proposed.Yttrium doping effectively suppresses the oxygen evolution during the delithiation process by increasing the energy barrier of oxygen evolution reaction through strong Y–O bond energy.LiYO_(2) nanocoating has the function of structural constraint and protection,that protecting the lattice oxygen exposed to the surface,thus avoiding irreversible oxidation.As an Li^(+) conductor,LiYO_(2) nano-coating can provide a fast Li^(+) transfer channel,which enables the sample to have excellent rate performance.The synergistic effect of Y doping and nano-LiYO_(2) coating integration suppresses the oxygen release from the surface,accelerates the diffusion of Li^(+)from electrolyte to electrode and decreases the interfacial side reactions,enabling the lithium ion batteries to obtain good electrochemical performance.The lithium-ion full cell employing the Y-1 sample(cathode)and commercial graphite(anode)exhibit an excellent specific energy density of 442.9 Wh kg^(-1) at a current density of 0.1C,with very stable safety performance,which can be used in a wide temperature range(60 to-15℃)stable operation.This result illustrates a new integration strategy for advanced cathode materials to achieve high specific energy density.
基金supported by Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A20513)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD1300803)+1 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2021ZDZX0009)Sichuan Innovation and Demonstration of Industry and Education Integration in Feed Industrial Chain Transformation and Upgradation。
文摘Background Appropriate iron supplementation is essential for neonatal growth and development.However,there are few reports on the effects of iron overload on neonatal growth and immune homeostasis.Thus,the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iron nutrition on neonatal growth and intestinal immunity by administering different levels of iron to neonatal pigs.Results We found that iron deficiency and iron overload resulted in slow growth in neonatal pigs.Iron deficiency and iron overload led to down-regulation of jejunum intestinal barrier and antioxidant marker genes,and promoted CD8^(+)T cell differentiation in jejunum and mesenteric lymph nodes(MLN)of pigs,disrupting intestinal health.Moreover,iron levels altered serum iron and tissue iron status leading to disturbances in redox state,affecting host innate and adaptive immunity.Conclusions These findings emphasized the effect of iron nutrition on host health and elucidated the importance of iron in regulating redox state and immunity development.This study provided valuable insights into the regulation of redox state and immune function by iron metabolism in early life,thus contributing to the development of targeted interventions and nutritional strategies to optimize iron nutrition in neonates.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province(No.2021ZDZX0009)Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province(No.2020YFN0147)。
文摘Background Addressing the shortage of high-quality protein resources,this study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal(SBM)with different levels of enzymolysis-fe rmentation compound protein feed(EFCP)in the diets of growing—finishing pigs,focusing on growth perfo rmance,nutrients digestibility;carcass traits,and meat quality.Methods Sixty DLY(Durdcx LandracexYorkshire)pigs with an initial body weight of 42.76±2.05 kg were assigto 5 diietary treatments in a 2×2+1 factorial design.These dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal diet(CON),untreated compound protein feed(UCP)substitution 50%(U50)and 100%SBM(U100)diets,and EFCP substitution 50%(EF50)and 100%SBM(EF100)diets.Each treatment had 6 pens(replicates)with 2 pigs per pen,and the experiment lasted 58 d,divided into phaseⅠ(1-28 d)and phaseⅡ(29-58 d).Following phaseⅠ,only the CON,U50,and EF50 groups were continued for phaseⅡ,each with 5 replicate pens.On d 59,a total of 15 pigs(1 pig/pen,5pens/treatment)were euthanized.Results During phaseⅠ,the EF50 group had a higher average daily gain(ADG)in pigs(P<0.05)compared to the CON group,whereas the U50 group did not have a significant difference.As the substitution ratio of UCP and EFCP increased in phaseⅠ,there was a noticeable reduction in the final body weight and ADG(P<0.05),along with an increase in the feed-to-gain ratio(F/G)(P<0.05).In phaseⅡ,there were no significant differences in growth performance among the treatment groups,but EF50 increased the apparent digestibility of several nutrients(including dry matter,crude protein,crude fiber,acid detergent fiber,ash,gross energy)compared to U50.The EF50 group also exhibited significantly higher serum levels of neuropeptide Y and ghrelin compared to the CON and U50 groups(P<0.05),Moreover,the EF50 group had higher carcass weight and carcass length than those in the CON and U50groups(P<0.05),with no significant difference in meat quality.Conclusions The study findings suggest that replacing 50%SBM with EFCP during the growing-finishing period can improve the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and carcass traits of pigs without compromising meat quality This research offers valuable insights into the modification of unconventional plant protein meals and developing alternatives to SBM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272555,82272522,82422044,82101647)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LGF21H060010,LR22H060001,LY23H060011)+1 种基金Wenzhou Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project (ZY2022010)Zhejiang Provincial Medical Technology Foundation of China (2022PY071)。
文摘Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD),a disease associated with ageing,is characterised by a notable increase in senescent nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs)as IVDD progresses.However,the specific mechanisms that regulate the senescence of NPCs remain unknown.In this study,we observed impaired autophagy in IVDD-NPCs,which contributed to the upregulation of NPCs senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP).The dysregulated SASP disrupted NPCs viability and initiated extracellular matrix degradation.Conversely,the restoration of autophagy reversed the senescence phenotype by inhibiting GATA binding protein 4(GATA4).Moreover,we made the novel observation that a cross-talk between histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation(H3K4me3)modification and N6-methyladenosine(m6A)-methylated modification regulates autophagy in IVDD-NPCs.Mechanistically,lysine methyltransferase 2A(KMT2A)promoted the expression of methyltransferase-like 3(METTL3)through H3K4me3 modification,whereas METTL3-mediated m6A modification reduced the expression of autophagy-associated 4a(ATG4a)by attenuating its RNA stability,leading to autophagy damage in NPCs.Silencing KMT2A and METTL3 enhanced autophagic flux and suppressed SASP expression in IVDD-NPCs.Therefore,targeting the H3K4me3-regulated METTL3/ATG4a/GATA4 axis may represent a promising new therapeutic strategy for IVDD.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(DUT20-LAB307)the Supercomputing Center of Dalian University of Technology。
文摘Efficient,stable and economical catalysts play a crucial role in enhancing the kinetics of slow oxygen reduction reactions(ORR)in Aluminum-air batteries.Among the potential next-generation candidates,Ag catalysts are promising due to their high activity and low cost,but weaker oxygen adsorption has hindered industrialization.To address this bottleneck,Ag-alloying has emerged as a principal strategy.In this work,we successfully prepared Ag-Cu nanoparticles(NPs)with a rich eutectic phase and uniform dispersion structure using plasma evaporation.The increased solid solution of Ag and Cu led to changes in the electronic structure,resulting in an upward shift of the d-band center,which significantly improved oxygen adsorption.The combination of Ag and Cu in the NPs synergistically enhanced the adsorption of Ag and the desorption of Cu.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that Ag-Cu25 NPs exhibited the smallest limiting reaction barrier,leading to increased ORR activity.To further optimize the catalyst’s performance,we utilized N-doped porous nanocarbon(N-PC)with high electrical conductivity and abundant mesoporous channels as the support for the Ag-Cu NPs.The N-PC support provided optimal mass transfer carriers for the highly active Ag-Cu25 NPs.As a result,the Ag-Cu25/NPC catalyst displayed excellent ORR activity in alkaline media,with a half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.82 V.Furthermore,the Al-air battery incorporating the Ag-Cu25/NPC catalyst exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance.It demonstrated high open-circuit voltages of 1.89 V and remarkable power densities of 193 m W cm^(-2).The battery also sustained a high current output and maintained a stable high voltage for 120 hours under mechanical charging,showcasing its significant potential for practical applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30870849,81071068the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,No. 2009B030801101
文摘Previous studies of integrin αvβ3 have focused on ischemic brain damage, although the role of integrin αvβ3 in ischemic preconditioning （IP） has rarely been reported. The present study analyzed the effects of IP on integrin αvβ3 mRNA expression following cerebral ischemia through the use of hematoxylin-eosin staining and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques. Integrin avid3 mRNA expression in the ischemia group peaked at 24 hours after ischemia-reperfusion. In the IP ＋ ischemia group, integrin αvβ3 mRNA expression increased after 24 hours, but remained significantly less than the ischemia group, and expression continued to increase until 7 days after ischemiaJreperfusion. These results demonstrate that IP effectively attenuated upregulation of integrin αvβ3 mRNA expression at 24 hours after ischemia.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT20LAB123 and DUT20LAB307)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20191167)。
文摘Achieving superior ionic conductivity of Li PON solid electrolyte films is critical for the solid-state thinfilm batteries with high energy density.Here we describe a method of preparing Li PON with promising ionic migration capability and high work function by systematically tailoring the concentration of Fe ions doping.Fe-doped LiPON exhibits excellent ionic conductivity(1.08×10^(-5)S cm^(-1),nearly 10 times higher than the pristine LiPON),low ionic activation energy,and moderate equilibrium potential difference(versus LiCoO_(2),0.78 V)at room temperature.The favorable ionic mobility and electrochemical stability of Fedoped Li PON are fully confirmed.All-solid-state“Li/LiPON/LiCoO_(2)”TFB has been successfully constructed with a large specific capacity(~36.3μAh cm^(-2)μm^(-1)at 10μA cm^(-2))and good cycle performance(87.8%capacity retention after 40 cycles).Fe with the unique d-orbital electronic structure changes the local electron density of Li PON system with the weakened electrostatic constraint of PO_(3)N^(4-)tetrahedrons to Li^(+).A low Li^(+)migration barrier center is established around the Fe–N bridge bonds.
基金The present study was supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021ZDZX0009)the Sichuan Pig Innovation Team of National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of China(scsztd-2021-08-11)the Sichuan Natural Science Foundation of China(2023NSFSC1141).
文摘Background Transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV)is one of the main pathogens causing severe diarrhea of pig-lets.The pathogenesis of TGEV is closely related to intestinal inflammation.All-trans retinoic acid(ATRA)is the main active metabolite of vitamin A,which has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.However,it is unclear whether ATRA can alleviate TGEV-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction in piglets.This study aimed to investigate the effects of ATRA on growth performance,diarrhea,intestinal inflammation and intesti-nal barrier integrity of TGEV-challenged piglets.Methods In a 19-d study,32 weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments:Control group(basal diet),TGEV group(basal diet+TGEV challenge),TGEV+ATRA5 group(basal diet+5 mg/d ATRA+TGEV challenge)and TGEV+ATRA15 group(basal diet+15 mg/d ATRA+TGEV challenge).On d 14,piglets were orally administered TGEV or the sterile medium.Results Feeding piglets with 5 and 15 mg/d ATRA alleviated the growth inhibition and diarrhea induced by TGEV(P<0.05).Feeding piglets with 5 and 15 mg/d ATRA also inhibited the increase of serum diamine oxidase(DAO)activ-ity and the decrease of occludin and claudin-1 protein levels in jejunal mucosa induced by TGEV,and maintained intestinal barrier integrity(P<0.05).Meanwhile,5 mg/d ATRA feeding increased the sucrase activity and the expres-sions of nutrient transporter related genes(GLUT2 and SLC7A1)in jejunal mucosa of TGEV-challenged piglets(P<0.05).Furthermore,5 mg/d ATRA feeding attenuated TGEV-induced intestinal inflammatory response by inhibit-ing the release of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and promoting the secretion of IL-10 and secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)(P<0.05).Feeding 5 mg/d ATRA also down-regulated the expressions of Toll-like receptors and RIG-I like receptors signaling pathway related genes(TLR3,TLR4,RIG-I,MyD88,TRIF and MAVS)and the phosphorylation level of nuclear factor-κB-p65(NF-κB p65),and up-regulated the inhibitor kappa B alpha(IκBα)protein level in jejunal mucosa of TGEV-challenged piglets(P<0.05).Conclusions ATRA alleviated TGEV-induced intestinal barrier damage by inhibiting inflammatory response,thus improving the growth performance and inhibiting diarrhea of piglets.The mechanism was associated with the inhibi-tion of NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by TLR3,TLR4 and RIG-I.
文摘Polycrystalline silicon （poly-Si） films were deposited using Ar diluted SiH4 gaseous mixture by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition （ECR-PECVD）. The effects of the substrate temperature on deposition rate, crystallinity, grain size and the configuration of H existing in poly-Si film were investigated. The results show that, comparing with H2 dilution, Ar dilution could significantly decrease the concentration of H on the growing surface. When the substrate temperature increased, the deposition rate increased and the concentration of H decreased monotonously, but the crystallinity and the grain size of poly-Si films exhibited sophisticated trends. It is proposed that the crystallinity of the films is determined by a competing balance of the self-diffusion activity of Si atoms and the deposition rate. At substrate temperature of 200℃, the deposited film exhibits the maximum poly-Si volume fraction of 79%. Based on these results, higher substrate temperature is suggested to prepare the poly-Si films with advanced stability and compromised crystallinity at high deposition rate.
文摘In this paper, polycrystalline silicon films were deposited by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition （ECR-PECVD） using SiH4/Ar and SiH4/H2 gaseous mixture. Effects of argon flow rate on the deposition efficiency and the film property were investigated by comparing with H2. The results indicated that the deposition rate of using Ar as discharge gas was 1.5-2 times higher than that of using H2, while the preferred orientations and the grain sizes of the films were analogous. Film crystallinity increased with the increase of Ar flow rate. Optimized flow ratio of SiH4 to Ar was obtained as F（SiH4）： F（Ar）=10：70 for the highest deposition rate.
基金supported by a grant from Fundamental Research Funds of CAF(CAFYBB2017ZY001).
文摘MicroRNA319(miR319)has been implicated in leaf development in a number of plant species.Here we study the roles of miR319a and its regulated network in leaf development in poplars.Over-expression of miR319a in Populus alba×Populus glandulosa caused dwarf statures,narrow leaf blades and serrated leaf margins.The vascular bundles and bundle sheaths in transgenic leaves had more layers of cells than those in the leaves of control plants,indicating enhanced lignification in these cells.Among the 93 putative targets of miR319a predicted with the psRNATarget tool,only three genes,TCP(TEOSINTE BRANCHED1,CYCLOIDEA,and PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN BINDING FACTOR),were differentially expressed in the leaves of MIR319a-over-expression transgenic lines.With the RNA-seq data sets from multiple MIR319a over-expression transgenic lines,we built a three-layered gene regulatory network mediated by miR319a using Top-down graphic Gaussian model(GGM)algorithm that is capable of capturing causal relationships from transcriptomic data.The results support that miR319a primarily regulates the lignin biosynthesis,leaf development and differentiation as well as photosynthesis via miR319-MEE35/TCP4,miR319-TCP2 and miR319-TCP2-1 regulatory modules.
基金Funding for this research was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 31730091.
文摘The purpose of this research was to investigate how different bile acids impact lipid metabolism and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs,along with the potential mechanisms involved.Twenty-one finishing pigs(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire[DLY];average BW=144.38±8.92 kg)were assigned to three dietary treatments,with each treatment containing seven replicates,each consisting of one pig.The three dietary treatments included:a basic diet,a basic diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg of hyodeoxycholic acid(HDCA),and a basic diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg of lithocholic acid(LCA).The trial lasted for 28 d.Hyodeoxycholic acid was used in the in vitro experiments and added to mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes for 4 d to elucidate the mechanism by which bile acids regulate lipid metabolism.The results suggested that HDCA tended to decrease backfat thickness in finishing pigs(P=0.094)and reduced the size of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes(P=0.012),whereas LCA increased backfat thickness(P=0.016)and induced larger lipid droplets in the abdominal adipose tissue(P=0.003).Furthermore,HDCA enhanced the expression of Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 protein and hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL)gene in backfat of pigs(P<0.05)and increased the protein expression of phosphorylated HSL(p-HSL)in vitro(P=0.093).Compared to HDCA,LCA addition increased the gene and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma in backfat of pigs(P<0.05)and enhanced the expression of hepatic genes sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and fatty acid synthase(P<0.05).In conclusion,HDCA enhanced lipolysis and partially decreased backfat thickness in finishing pigs,while LCA promoted lipid synthesis and increased backfat thickness of pigs.The variations in the effects of various bile acids on bile acid receptors could explain these functional differences.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82472488,22472042,and 21603166)Xie Ying Program(No.KT20231006133328780)+6 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health Talents(No.KT20230315104216600)High-level Innovation Team of Wenzhou’s“Ouyue Talent Plan”(No.2024R3003)Scientific Research Startup Fund of Wenzhou Institute,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.WIUCASQD2019001)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2023C03084)Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Project for Public Welfare(No.LQ24H090010)the Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis&Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province(No.WIBEK181006)Major Science and Technology Project of Wenzhou Science and Technology(No.ZG2022017).
文摘Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD)is one of the leading causes of lower back pain,typically accompanied by oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and imbalances in the mechanical microenvironment.In this study,we developed a multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel for minimally invasive treatment of IVDD.This hydrogel(TP-Arg@MTG)incorporates tea polyphenol and L-arginine self-assembled nanoparticles(TP-Arg)into a gelatin–mucin matrix,followed by enzymatic crosslinking via transglutaminase to enhance structural stability.The nanoparticles of TP-Arg not only exhibit an exceptional ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)but also effectively promote the synthesis of the extracellular matrix(ECM)through nitric oxide(NO)-mediated signaling pathways.Their integration significantly improves the mechanical strength of the hydrogel while enabling sustained release functionality.Gelatin offers cell adhesion and ECM-like architecture,whereas mucin enhances lubrication and moisture retention,better mimicking the native microenvironment of the nucleus pulposus.In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the hydrogel possesses favorable biocompatibility,effectively attenuates inflammatory responses in nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs),and maintains cellular viability and ECM stability.Collectively,TP-Arg@MTG holds great promise as a novel therapeutic strategy for IVDD by synergistically addressing oxidative damage and mechanical instability through antioxidation,tissue repair promotion,and mechanical reinforcement.
基金supported by the Major Program of Guangdong Basicand Applied Research(2019B030302006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31921004,32172017 and 31871700)the Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NZ2021002 and NT2021002)。
文摘Flowers are the core reproductive organ of plants, and flowering is essential for cross-pollination. Diurnal flower-opening time is thus a key trait influencing reproductive isolation, hybrid breeding, and thermostability in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling this trait remain unknown. Here, we report that rice Diurnal Flower Opening Time 1 (DFOT1) modulates pectin methylesterase (PME) activity to regulate pectin methylesterification levels of the lodicule cell walls, which affect lodicule swelling to control diurnal flower-opening time. DFOT1 is specifically expressed in the lodicules, and its expression gradually increases with the approach to flowering but decreases with flowering. Importantly, a knockout of DFOT1 showed earlier diurnal flower opening. We demonstrate that DFOT1 interacts directly with multiple PMEs to promote their activity. Knockout of PME40 also resulted in early diurnal flower opening, whereas overexpression of PME42 delayed diurnal flower opening. Lower PME activity was observed to be associated with higher levels of pectin methylesterification and the softening of cell walls in lodicules, which contribute to the absorption of water by lodicules and cause them to swell, thus promoting early diurnal flower opening. Higher PME activity had the opposite effect. Collectively, our work uncovers a molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of diurnal flower-opening time in rice, which would help reduce the costs of hybrid breeding and improve the heat tolerance of flowering plants by avoiding higher temperatures at anthesis.
