In this study,a Grey-box(GB)model was developed to predict the optimum mass flow rates of inlet streams of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger(STHE)under varying process conditions.Aspen Exchanger Design and Rating(Aspen-...In this study,a Grey-box(GB)model was developed to predict the optimum mass flow rates of inlet streams of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger(STHE)under varying process conditions.Aspen Exchanger Design and Rating(Aspen-EDR)was initially used to construct a first principle model(FP)of the STHE using industrial data.The Genetic Algorithm(GA)was incorporated into the FP model to attain the minimum exit temperature for the hot kerosene process stream under varying process conditions.A dataset comprised of optimum process conditions was generated through FP-GA integration and was utilised to develop an Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)model.Subsequently,the ANN model was merged with the FP model by substituting the GA,to form a GB model.The developed GB model,that is,ANN and FP integration,achieved higher effectiveness and lower outlet temperature than those derived through the standalone FP model.Performance of the GB framework was also comparable to the FP-GA approach but it significantly reduced the computation time required for estimating the optimum process conditions.The proposed GB-based method improved the STHE's ability to extract energy from the process stream and strengthened its resilience to cope with diverse process conditions.展开更多
The aim of the study was to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnONPs)composite with clay by a novel route and then to explore the capability of composite of ZnONPs and silty clay(SC)as adsorbents for Pb(II)eradicati...The aim of the study was to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnONPs)composite with clay by a novel route and then to explore the capability of composite of ZnONPs and silty clay(SC)as adsorbents for Pb(II)eradication from aqueous media by batch adsorption method.The effect of different operating factors like temperature,pH,dose and time of contact on the adsorption process were studied to optimize the conditions.Langmuir,Freundlich,Dubinin-Radushkevich(DR)and Temkin isotherms were applied for the interpretation of the process.The R^(2)and q values obtained from Langmuir model suggested that the process is best interpreted by this model.The values of adsorption capacity(qm)noted were 12.43 mg·g^(-1) and 14.54 mg·g^(-1)on SC and ZnONPsSC respectively.The kinetic studies exposed that pseudo second order(PSO)kinetics is followed by the processes suggesting that more than one steps are involved to control the rate of reactions.Various thermodynamic variables such as change in free energy(AGe),change in enthalpy(AH9)and change in entropy(ASe)were calculated.Thermodynamic data suggested that Pb(II)adsorption on SC and ZnONPsSC are spontaneous,endothermic and feasible processes.展开更多
The potentials of silty clay(SC),acquired from Chaman,Balochistan,were investigated as adsorbent for Ni(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)removal from contaminated media.The influence of different operating factors like dose,pH,temperatur...The potentials of silty clay(SC),acquired from Chaman,Balochistan,were investigated as adsorbent for Ni(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)removal from contaminated media.The influence of different operating factors like dose,pH,temperature,and time of contact was explored,and optimum values were noted under batch adsorption method.Isothermal study was conducted with varying concentrations of solutions on optimized conditions and different adsorption models i.e.,Langmuir,Freundlich,Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)isotherm,which were employed to interpret the process.The isothermal data of both Ni(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)were well fitted to Langmuir isotherm suggesting the formation of monolayer of metal ions on silty clay.The values of adsorption capacity noted for Ni(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)were 3.603 mg·g^-1 and 5.480 mg·g^-1,respectively.Kinetic studies affirmed that pseudo second order(PSO)kinetics was being obeyed by the removal of Ni(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ).Thermodynamic variables like free energy change(ΔG°),enthalpy change(ΔH°)and entropy change(ΔS°)were calculated.The negative value ofΔG°and the positive values ofΔH°andΔS°unfolded that the removal process of both metal ions of by SC was spontaneous,endothermic and feasible.展开更多
Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors that limit the growth and productivity of plants.Foliar application of plant growth regulators(PGRs)may help plants ameliorate the negative impacts of salinity.Thus,a field...Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors that limit the growth and productivity of plants.Foliar application of plant growth regulators(PGRs)may help plants ameliorate the negative impacts of salinity.Thus,a field experiment was conducted at the Botanical Garden University of Balochistan,Quetta,to explore the potential role of PGRs,i.e.,moringa leaf extract(MLE;10%),proline(PRO;1μM),salicylic acid(SA;250μM),and thiourea(TU;10 mM)in ameliorating the impacts of salinity(120 mM)on Plantago ovata,an important medicinal plant.Salinity hampered plant photosynthetic pigments and metabolites but elevated oxidative parameters.However,foliar application of PGRs enhanced photosynthetic pigments,including Chl b(21.11%),carotenoids(57.87%)except Chl a,activated the defense mechanisms by restoring and enhancing the metabolites,i.e.,soluble sugars(49.68%),soluble phenolics(33.34%),and proline(31.47%),significantly under salinity stress.Furthermore,foliar supplementation of PGRs under salt stress led to a decrease of about 43.02%and 43.27%in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content,respectively.Thus,PGRs can be recommended for improved photosynthetic efficiency and metabolite content that can help to get better yield under salt stress,with the best and most effective treatments being those of PRO and MLE to predominately ameliorate the harsh impacts of salinity.展开更多
Meat analog(MA),in contrast to conventional meat,does not possess a natural protective barrier and is exposed to quality deterioration.Thus,MA necessitates edible film packaging materials to meet the preservation requ...Meat analog(MA),in contrast to conventional meat,does not possess a natural protective barrier and is exposed to quality deterioration.Thus,MA necessitates edible film packaging materials to meet the preservation requirements and enhanced quality during storage.This study aimed to develop gelatin(GE)based hybrid film(HF)to improve the shelf life and quality characteristics of MA.Three films were developed using solvent casting with GE/Cellulose acetate(CA),GE/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),and GE/green tea extract powder(GTEP),and each film was sandwiched into two electrospun GE nanofibers,termed GECAF,GEPVAF,and GEGTEF,respectively.These HFs were applied as a packaging on the MA,and their efficacy was assessed during 4 days of refrigerated storage at 2◦C by evaluating physicochemical,textural,oxidative,microbiological,and taste trait parameters.Among the three HF’s,GEGTEF had the most significant preservation effects.It significantly(p<0.05)retained stable pH and prevented water loss,while preserving color parameters including redness(a^(*)),Chroma(C^(*)),hue angle(h◦),and total color difference(ΔE^(*)).It also indicated the lowest(p<0.05)peroxide value(PV)and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS),total viable count(TVC),total coliform count(TCC),and total yeast and mold count(TYMC).Regarding texture,GEGTEF and GECAF revealed higher(p<0.05)hardness and chewiness than GEPVA and the control sample.The electronic tongue tasting system indicated increased(p<0.05)umami and richness in GEGTEF.The findings underscore the potential of formulated HFs,particularly GEGTEF,as an innovative and sustainable edible packaging material for MA,providing efficient quality preservation.展开更多
The influence of wet aging(WA)on Hanwoo longissimus lumborum muscle(LLM)was performed to evaluate physicochemical composition,textural properties,and the influence of nonvolatile compounds contributing to the taste ch...The influence of wet aging(WA)on Hanwoo longissimus lumborum muscle(LLM)was performed to evaluate physicochemical composition,textural properties,and the influence of nonvolatile compounds contributing to the taste characteristics for 21-day(0 as control,7,10,14,and 21 days)WA process.The redness,yellowness,and cooking loss increased,whereas moisture and drip loss decreased with aging days.A significant improvement in tenderness was achieved by increased cathepsin B+L activity,myofibrillar fragmentation index,and collagen degradation.Oxidative changes were also observed with aging,with an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)value(p<0.05).The nonvolatile compounds,especially glutamic acid and Inosine 5′-monophosphate(IMP),increased from the initial values(p<0.05)during the WA of 14 and 21 days,which elucidated umami and richness traits more effectively.To achieve tendered meat with a unique umami taste WA from 14 to 21 days would be ideal for Hanwoo LLM.展开更多
Polymeric insulation is a critical component of high voltage systems.However,exposure to high electric stress can cause partial discharges(PDs)to occur and may result in the deterioration of insulation and lead to die...Polymeric insulation is a critical component of high voltage systems.However,exposure to high electric stress can cause partial discharges(PDs)to occur and may result in the deterioration of insulation and lead to dielectric failure.These PD events are accompanied by the production of acoustic pressure impulses in the polymer.Detection of these acoustic pressure impulses can reveal the presence of PDs and locate their source.However,analysing the detected acoustic emission(AE)signal is challenging.The acoustic pressure source's nature and the propagating medium's properties,such as density,viscosity,and elasticity,significantly affect the propagating AE signal.The effects of the hardness of the polyurethane(PU)on the propagating AE signal are reported by the authors based on results obtained from laboratory experiments.It was observed that the decay rate in the magnitude of the acoustic impulse was high in PU at all hardness levels following an exponential behaviour.The analysis of the frequency spectra indicates that the higher frequency components attenuate more strongly with distance.These laboratory results can be valuable for engineers and industries as they provide valuable insight into how the physical characteristics of a material affect the propagation characteristics of AE signals during the detection and location of PD source using the AE detection technique.展开更多
In this study,two novel haptens of oxamichydrazide(OXZ),the metabolite of nifuraldezone,were designed and synthesized by derivatization with ethyl-4-bromobutanoate and ethyl-2-bromoacetate for the first time.The ratio...In this study,two novel haptens of oxamichydrazide(OXZ),the metabolite of nifuraldezone,were designed and synthesized by derivatization with ethyl-4-bromobutanoate and ethyl-2-bromoacetate for the first time.The rationality of the haptens was enlightened by conformational alignment and electronic evaluations based on computional chemistry.The synthesized haptens were efficient in generating antibody response to OXZ.A monoclonal antibody(mAb)named 2D9 with high affinity was obtained and used to establish an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(icELISA)for the direct determination of OXZ in chicken samples without the need for derivatization step.Under optimum conditions,the developed icELISA showed an IC50 value of 0.66 ng mL^(−1),and limit of detection of 0.11μg kg^(−1)in chicken.The average recoveries were found to be 80.4-91.3%with a coefficient of variation less than 9.0%.In conclusion,we have successfully desigened haptens,prepared mAbs and developed an immunoassay for the direct determination of OXZ in chicken samples without the need for a derivatization step for the first time.This provides a potentially rapid,accurate,and sensitive screening tool for nifuraldezone residue in animal-derived food.展开更多
基金National Research Program for Universities,Grant/Award Number:10215/FederalNorthern Border University,Arar,KSA,Grant/Award Number:NBU-FPEJ-2024-1243-01。
文摘In this study,a Grey-box(GB)model was developed to predict the optimum mass flow rates of inlet streams of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger(STHE)under varying process conditions.Aspen Exchanger Design and Rating(Aspen-EDR)was initially used to construct a first principle model(FP)of the STHE using industrial data.The Genetic Algorithm(GA)was incorporated into the FP model to attain the minimum exit temperature for the hot kerosene process stream under varying process conditions.A dataset comprised of optimum process conditions was generated through FP-GA integration and was utilised to develop an Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)model.Subsequently,the ANN model was merged with the FP model by substituting the GA,to form a GB model.The developed GB model,that is,ANN and FP integration,achieved higher effectiveness and lower outlet temperature than those derived through the standalone FP model.Performance of the GB framework was also comparable to the FP-GA approach but it significantly reduced the computation time required for estimating the optimum process conditions.The proposed GB-based method improved the STHE's ability to extract energy from the process stream and strengthened its resilience to cope with diverse process conditions.
文摘The aim of the study was to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnONPs)composite with clay by a novel route and then to explore the capability of composite of ZnONPs and silty clay(SC)as adsorbents for Pb(II)eradication from aqueous media by batch adsorption method.The effect of different operating factors like temperature,pH,dose and time of contact on the adsorption process were studied to optimize the conditions.Langmuir,Freundlich,Dubinin-Radushkevich(DR)and Temkin isotherms were applied for the interpretation of the process.The R^(2)and q values obtained from Langmuir model suggested that the process is best interpreted by this model.The values of adsorption capacity(qm)noted were 12.43 mg·g^(-1) and 14.54 mg·g^(-1)on SC and ZnONPsSC respectively.The kinetic studies exposed that pseudo second order(PSO)kinetics is followed by the processes suggesting that more than one steps are involved to control the rate of reactions.Various thermodynamic variables such as change in free energy(AGe),change in enthalpy(AH9)and change in entropy(ASe)were calculated.Thermodynamic data suggested that Pb(II)adsorption on SC and ZnONPsSC are spontaneous,endothermic and feasible processes.
文摘The potentials of silty clay(SC),acquired from Chaman,Balochistan,were investigated as adsorbent for Ni(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)removal from contaminated media.The influence of different operating factors like dose,pH,temperature,and time of contact was explored,and optimum values were noted under batch adsorption method.Isothermal study was conducted with varying concentrations of solutions on optimized conditions and different adsorption models i.e.,Langmuir,Freundlich,Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)isotherm,which were employed to interpret the process.The isothermal data of both Ni(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)were well fitted to Langmuir isotherm suggesting the formation of monolayer of metal ions on silty clay.The values of adsorption capacity noted for Ni(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)were 3.603 mg·g^-1 and 5.480 mg·g^-1,respectively.Kinetic studies affirmed that pseudo second order(PSO)kinetics was being obeyed by the removal of Ni(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ).Thermodynamic variables like free energy change(ΔG°),enthalpy change(ΔH°)and entropy change(ΔS°)were calculated.The negative value ofΔG°and the positive values ofΔH°andΔS°unfolded that the removal process of both metal ions of by SC was spontaneous,endothermic and feasible.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia,Grant No.451–03–68/2022–124/200032.
文摘Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors that limit the growth and productivity of plants.Foliar application of plant growth regulators(PGRs)may help plants ameliorate the negative impacts of salinity.Thus,a field experiment was conducted at the Botanical Garden University of Balochistan,Quetta,to explore the potential role of PGRs,i.e.,moringa leaf extract(MLE;10%),proline(PRO;1μM),salicylic acid(SA;250μM),and thiourea(TU;10 mM)in ameliorating the impacts of salinity(120 mM)on Plantago ovata,an important medicinal plant.Salinity hampered plant photosynthetic pigments and metabolites but elevated oxidative parameters.However,foliar application of PGRs enhanced photosynthetic pigments,including Chl b(21.11%),carotenoids(57.87%)except Chl a,activated the defense mechanisms by restoring and enhancing the metabolites,i.e.,soluble sugars(49.68%),soluble phenolics(33.34%),and proline(31.47%),significantly under salinity stress.Furthermore,foliar supplementation of PGRs under salt stress led to a decrease of about 43.02%and 43.27%in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content,respectively.Thus,PGRs can be recommended for improved photosynthetic efficiency and metabolite content that can help to get better yield under salt stress,with the best and most effective treatments being those of PRO and MLE to predominately ameliorate the harsh impacts of salinity.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT No.2023R1A2C1004867)the Korean Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food,Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries(IPET)through the Agri-Bioindustry Technology Development Program,funded by the Ministry of Agriculture,Food,and Rural Affairs(MAFRA)(Project No.321028-5),Korea.
文摘Meat analog(MA),in contrast to conventional meat,does not possess a natural protective barrier and is exposed to quality deterioration.Thus,MA necessitates edible film packaging materials to meet the preservation requirements and enhanced quality during storage.This study aimed to develop gelatin(GE)based hybrid film(HF)to improve the shelf life and quality characteristics of MA.Three films were developed using solvent casting with GE/Cellulose acetate(CA),GE/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),and GE/green tea extract powder(GTEP),and each film was sandwiched into two electrospun GE nanofibers,termed GECAF,GEPVAF,and GEGTEF,respectively.These HFs were applied as a packaging on the MA,and their efficacy was assessed during 4 days of refrigerated storage at 2◦C by evaluating physicochemical,textural,oxidative,microbiological,and taste trait parameters.Among the three HF’s,GEGTEF had the most significant preservation effects.It significantly(p<0.05)retained stable pH and prevented water loss,while preserving color parameters including redness(a^(*)),Chroma(C^(*)),hue angle(h◦),and total color difference(ΔE^(*)).It also indicated the lowest(p<0.05)peroxide value(PV)and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS),total viable count(TVC),total coliform count(TCC),and total yeast and mold count(TYMC).Regarding texture,GEGTEF and GECAF revealed higher(p<0.05)hardness and chewiness than GEPVA and the control sample.The electronic tongue tasting system indicated increased(p<0.05)umami and richness in GEGTEF.The findings underscore the potential of formulated HFs,particularly GEGTEF,as an innovative and sustainable edible packaging material for MA,providing efficient quality preservation.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.2020R1I1A206937911)the Korean Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food,Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries(IPET)through the Agri-Bioindustry Technology Development Program,funded by the Ministry of Agriculture,Food,and Rural Affairs(MAFRA)(Project No.321028-5),Korea.
文摘The influence of wet aging(WA)on Hanwoo longissimus lumborum muscle(LLM)was performed to evaluate physicochemical composition,textural properties,and the influence of nonvolatile compounds contributing to the taste characteristics for 21-day(0 as control,7,10,14,and 21 days)WA process.The redness,yellowness,and cooking loss increased,whereas moisture and drip loss decreased with aging days.A significant improvement in tenderness was achieved by increased cathepsin B+L activity,myofibrillar fragmentation index,and collagen degradation.Oxidative changes were also observed with aging,with an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)value(p<0.05).The nonvolatile compounds,especially glutamic acid and Inosine 5′-monophosphate(IMP),increased from the initial values(p<0.05)during the WA of 14 and 21 days,which elucidated umami and richness traits more effectively.To achieve tendered meat with a unique umami taste WA from 14 to 21 days would be ideal for Hanwoo LLM.
文摘Polymeric insulation is a critical component of high voltage systems.However,exposure to high electric stress can cause partial discharges(PDs)to occur and may result in the deterioration of insulation and lead to dielectric failure.These PD events are accompanied by the production of acoustic pressure impulses in the polymer.Detection of these acoustic pressure impulses can reveal the presence of PDs and locate their source.However,analysing the detected acoustic emission(AE)signal is challenging.The acoustic pressure source's nature and the propagating medium's properties,such as density,viscosity,and elasticity,significantly affect the propagating AE signal.The effects of the hardness of the polyurethane(PU)on the propagating AE signal are reported by the authors based on results obtained from laboratory experiments.It was observed that the decay rate in the magnitude of the acoustic impulse was high in PU at all hardness levels following an exponential behaviour.The analysis of the frequency spectra indicates that the higher frequency components attenuate more strongly with distance.These laboratory results can be valuable for engineers and industries as they provide valuable insight into how the physical characteristics of a material affect the propagation characteristics of AE signals during the detection and location of PD source using the AE detection technique.
基金supported by H2020 EU-China-Safe(727864)Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology for the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFE0110800).
文摘In this study,two novel haptens of oxamichydrazide(OXZ),the metabolite of nifuraldezone,were designed and synthesized by derivatization with ethyl-4-bromobutanoate and ethyl-2-bromoacetate for the first time.The rationality of the haptens was enlightened by conformational alignment and electronic evaluations based on computional chemistry.The synthesized haptens were efficient in generating antibody response to OXZ.A monoclonal antibody(mAb)named 2D9 with high affinity was obtained and used to establish an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(icELISA)for the direct determination of OXZ in chicken samples without the need for derivatization step.Under optimum conditions,the developed icELISA showed an IC50 value of 0.66 ng mL^(−1),and limit of detection of 0.11μg kg^(−1)in chicken.The average recoveries were found to be 80.4-91.3%with a coefficient of variation less than 9.0%.In conclusion,we have successfully desigened haptens,prepared mAbs and developed an immunoassay for the direct determination of OXZ in chicken samples without the need for a derivatization step for the first time.This provides a potentially rapid,accurate,and sensitive screening tool for nifuraldezone residue in animal-derived food.
