Pali is considered as the language of the canon continued to be influenced by analysts and grammarians,and by the native languages of the countries like Sri Lanka,in which Therava da Buddhism became established over m...Pali is considered as the language of the canon continued to be influenced by analysts and grammarians,and by the native languages of the countries like Sri Lanka,in which Therava da Buddhism became established over many years.The Pali language has been used to write many stone inscriptions in ancient times.For ordinary travelers the recognition of the content of ancient inscriptions and some other written material are not possible.This study has focused to find a solution with a mobile application to recognize Pali characters in a user-friendly User Interface.The character recognition in real time is the most essential part of the study.Machine learning and neural networks are trending technologies adapted for handwriting recognition in some languages.But for many languages this technology has not been developed yet.Pali is one of such languages that had survived until the eighteenth century.In this study the images of Pali letters are identified through a trained Convolution Neural Network(CNN).Python and Android Studio software were used for training process and identifying letters respectively with the developed mobile application.The limited capacity and the processing power of a mobile phone makes it more challenging to run the application.Tensor Flow Lite is end to end open source platform in machine learning.Therefore,Tensor Flow Lite was used in this study.Since the Android mobile is a common equipment which everybody has in modern societies,using this Off-line Pali character Recognition mobile application the archelogy researchers and travelers can use them conveniently to understand the content written in ancient documents.展开更多
Guillotine machines are used to cut bulk quantities of paper,often thousands at a time.More the number of papers to be cut at once,more load is required to cut.This machine undergoes a frequent failure of one of its h...Guillotine machines are used to cut bulk quantities of paper,often thousands at a time.More the number of papers to be cut at once,more load is required to cut.This machine undergoes a frequent failure of one of its hinges,which prevents the operation of the machine.A combination of torsional forces and bending mo-ments are acting on the hinge when operating.Torsional stresses induced due to the friction between the con-tacting surfaces of the crank rod and the hinge.The bending moment induced due to the alternating motion and the load acted upon the cutting mechanism.The crank transforms the rotational movement into a translational motion of the blade,which results in the formation of a cyclic load in the form of a sinusoidal with a mean value not equal to zero.This leads to fail the hinge in the mode of fatigue.Naked eye observations of the fracture surface reviled a clear failure initiation point and striation marks of crack propagation and a sudden fracture re-gion which evident a fatigue failure due to cyclic loading.To redesign the failed hinged to avoid such failure,it is essential to,(i)define and evaluate the stresses developed by the combined loading condition(ii)understand the nature of the cyclic stress induced.The force acting on the hinge was calculated by the law of conservation of momentum created by the blades'inertia and its'supportive structure.It was understood that the mean stress value of the cyclic load is not equal to zero,the modified Goodman diagram is used.Computational simulations are conducted using Finite Element Analysis(FEA)on the ANSYS fatigue tool.By applying the fatigue analysis theories and conducting FEA for stress analysis,the reason for the failure is revealed and then necessary pre-cautions could be taken to prevent such failures in the future.展开更多
Teaching and learning-related activities have embraced digital technology especially,with the current global pandemic restrictions pervaded during the last two years.On the other hand,most of the academic and professi...Teaching and learning-related activities have embraced digital technology especially,with the current global pandemic restrictions pervaded during the last two years.On the other hand,most of the academic and professional presentations are conducted using online platforms.But the presenter-audience interaction is hindered to a certain extent in an online case in contrary to face-to-face where real-time writing is beneficial when sketching is involved.The use of digital pens and pads is a solution for such instances,though the cost of acquiring such hardware is high.Economical solutions are essential as affordability is concerned.In this study,a real-time user-friendly,innovative drawing system is developed to address the issues related to the problems confronted with online presentations.This paper presents the development of an algorithm using Hand Landmark Detection,which replaces chalks,markers and regular ballpoint pens used in conventional communication and presentation,with online platforms.The proposed application in this study is acquired by Python and OpenCV libraries.The letters or the sketches drawn in the air were taken straight to the computer screen by this algorithm.The proposed algorithm continuously identifies the Hand Landmark using the images fed by the web camera,and text or drawing patterns are displayed on the screen according to the movements made by Hand Landmark on the image space.The developed user interface is also user-friendly.Hence the communication of letters and sketches were enabled.Although the concept has been developed and tested,with further research the versatility and accuracy of communication can be enhanced.展开更多
文摘Pali is considered as the language of the canon continued to be influenced by analysts and grammarians,and by the native languages of the countries like Sri Lanka,in which Therava da Buddhism became established over many years.The Pali language has been used to write many stone inscriptions in ancient times.For ordinary travelers the recognition of the content of ancient inscriptions and some other written material are not possible.This study has focused to find a solution with a mobile application to recognize Pali characters in a user-friendly User Interface.The character recognition in real time is the most essential part of the study.Machine learning and neural networks are trending technologies adapted for handwriting recognition in some languages.But for many languages this technology has not been developed yet.Pali is one of such languages that had survived until the eighteenth century.In this study the images of Pali letters are identified through a trained Convolution Neural Network(CNN).Python and Android Studio software were used for training process and identifying letters respectively with the developed mobile application.The limited capacity and the processing power of a mobile phone makes it more challenging to run the application.Tensor Flow Lite is end to end open source platform in machine learning.Therefore,Tensor Flow Lite was used in this study.Since the Android mobile is a common equipment which everybody has in modern societies,using this Off-line Pali character Recognition mobile application the archelogy researchers and travelers can use them conveniently to understand the content written in ancient documents.
文摘Guillotine machines are used to cut bulk quantities of paper,often thousands at a time.More the number of papers to be cut at once,more load is required to cut.This machine undergoes a frequent failure of one of its hinges,which prevents the operation of the machine.A combination of torsional forces and bending mo-ments are acting on the hinge when operating.Torsional stresses induced due to the friction between the con-tacting surfaces of the crank rod and the hinge.The bending moment induced due to the alternating motion and the load acted upon the cutting mechanism.The crank transforms the rotational movement into a translational motion of the blade,which results in the formation of a cyclic load in the form of a sinusoidal with a mean value not equal to zero.This leads to fail the hinge in the mode of fatigue.Naked eye observations of the fracture surface reviled a clear failure initiation point and striation marks of crack propagation and a sudden fracture re-gion which evident a fatigue failure due to cyclic loading.To redesign the failed hinged to avoid such failure,it is essential to,(i)define and evaluate the stresses developed by the combined loading condition(ii)understand the nature of the cyclic stress induced.The force acting on the hinge was calculated by the law of conservation of momentum created by the blades'inertia and its'supportive structure.It was understood that the mean stress value of the cyclic load is not equal to zero,the modified Goodman diagram is used.Computational simulations are conducted using Finite Element Analysis(FEA)on the ANSYS fatigue tool.By applying the fatigue analysis theories and conducting FEA for stress analysis,the reason for the failure is revealed and then necessary pre-cautions could be taken to prevent such failures in the future.
文摘Teaching and learning-related activities have embraced digital technology especially,with the current global pandemic restrictions pervaded during the last two years.On the other hand,most of the academic and professional presentations are conducted using online platforms.But the presenter-audience interaction is hindered to a certain extent in an online case in contrary to face-to-face where real-time writing is beneficial when sketching is involved.The use of digital pens and pads is a solution for such instances,though the cost of acquiring such hardware is high.Economical solutions are essential as affordability is concerned.In this study,a real-time user-friendly,innovative drawing system is developed to address the issues related to the problems confronted with online presentations.This paper presents the development of an algorithm using Hand Landmark Detection,which replaces chalks,markers and regular ballpoint pens used in conventional communication and presentation,with online platforms.The proposed application in this study is acquired by Python and OpenCV libraries.The letters or the sketches drawn in the air were taken straight to the computer screen by this algorithm.The proposed algorithm continuously identifies the Hand Landmark using the images fed by the web camera,and text or drawing patterns are displayed on the screen according to the movements made by Hand Landmark on the image space.The developed user interface is also user-friendly.Hence the communication of letters and sketches were enabled.Although the concept has been developed and tested,with further research the versatility and accuracy of communication can be enhanced.
