Dry powder inhaler Liposomes were prepared to investigate the effectiveness of pulmonary delivery of Colchicine and Budesonide for Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis. Budesonide(BUD) and Colchicine(COL) liposomes were prep...Dry powder inhaler Liposomes were prepared to investigate the effectiveness of pulmonary delivery of Colchicine and Budesonide for Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis. Budesonide(BUD) and Colchicine(COL) liposomes were prepared by thin layer film hydration method(TFH) using 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol sodium(DPPG), Hydrogenated Soyaphosphotidylcholine(HSPC), Soyaphosphatidylcholine(SPC), cholesterol(CHOL) and drug in different weight ratios. The optimum lipid composition for BUD(74.22 ± 0.97%) was DPPG:HSPC: CHOL(4:5:1) and for COL(50.94 ± 2.04%) was DPPG: SPC: CHOL(3:6:1). These compositions retained drug for a longer period of time so selected for further study. Liposomes were found to be spherical in shape with mean size below 100 nm. Liposomes lyophilized using Mannitol as carrier and cryoprotectant showed high entrapment efficiency(97.89-98.6%). The powder was dispersed through an Andersen cascade impactor to evaluate the performance of the aerosolized powder. It was found that prepared liposomal dry powder inhaler(DPIs) sustained the drug release up to 24 hours. Optimized Budesonide DPI Formulation B2(86.53 ± 1.9%), Colchicine DPI Formulation C2(90.54 ± 2.3 %) and BUD and COL DPI Combination M2(89.91 ± 1.8%, 91.23 ± 1.9%). Histopathological results, measurements of lung hydroxyproline content, Myeloperoxidase activity indicated that liposomal drypowder inhaler administration attenuates lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Long term stability studies indicated that lyophilised BUD and COL liposomes were stable for 6 months at(25 °C± 2 °C, 60% ± 5% RH) and refrigerated conditions(2-8 °C). These results supported that combination of budesonide and colchicine liposomal dry powder inhaler pulmonary drug delivery for treatment of idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis exhibits prolonged drug retention at targeted site and reduces the systemic exposure.展开更多
CoCr_(2)O_(4)nanoceramics are prepared by sol-gel auto combustion method.Synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis affirms the singlephasepristine cubic structure with space group Fd3m.Debye-Scherrer method estimates the...CoCr_(2)O_(4)nanoceramics are prepared by sol-gel auto combustion method.Synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis affirms the singlephasepristine cubic structure with space group Fd3m.Debye-Scherrer method estimates the crystallite size of main intense peak tobe~27:15 nm.Prominent bands obtained in infrared spectra at 448 and 599 cm^(-1)are due to metal-oxygen stretching bond presentat tetrahedral and octahedral sites.Dielectric parameters decrease as frequency increases from 103 to 106 Hz that can be interpretedby Maxwell-Wagner-type interfacial polarization.Complex impedance spectra(Nyquist plot)reveal arc like behavior,which ismainly due to intergrain(grain boundary)resistance that also exhibits conducting nature of the nanoceramics.Weak ferroelectricityis mainly associated with the partial reversal of the polarization.Leakage current behavior follows the Ohmic and Child square law.Electron conduction process was interpreted by space-charge limited current(SCLC)mechanism.Leakage current behaviorobserved in cobalt chromite nanoceramics is mainly attributed to the oxygen vacancies.展开更多
In the present work,series of Zn ion-doped Ni_(1-x)Zn_(x)Fe_(2)O_(4)(0:0≤x≤0.5)ceramics were prepared by the double sintered solidstate reaction route to find out the influence of Zn2t ions on the crystal structure,...In the present work,series of Zn ion-doped Ni_(1-x)Zn_(x)Fe_(2)O_(4)(0:0≤x≤0.5)ceramics were prepared by the double sintered solidstate reaction route to find out the influence of Zn2t ions on the crystal structure,lattice structure and dielectric behavior of parent NiFe_(2)O_(4).X-ray diffraction(XRD)study favors that all the prepared compounds belong to the cubic spinel structure.Lattice parameters found to have increasing value with increased Zn^(2+)ion substitution.The Raman scattering measurement discerns optical-active modes with blue shift as the doping increases.The dielectric constant(ε′)and dielectric tangent loss(tanδ)decrease with an increase in frequency and at higher frequency,both become constant.Dielectric parameters observe nonlinear behavior with increasing Zn^(2+)ion substitution.Room temperature dielectric constant of 10%Zn ion-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4)[Ni_(0.9)Zn_(0.1)Fe_(2)O_(4)]is much higher as compared to other prepared ceramics.The room temperature ac conductivity is found to increase with increase in frequency and temperature-dependent ac conductivity increases with increase in temperature.展开更多
This paper throws light on the preparation of transition metal-doped Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Al_(2)O_(4)(x=0,0.05 and TM=Co,Ni,Cu)aluminates via solid-state reaction route.The X-ray diffraction characterization analysis confi...This paper throws light on the preparation of transition metal-doped Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Al_(2)O_(4)(x=0,0.05 and TM=Co,Ni,Cu)aluminates via solid-state reaction route.The X-ray diffraction characterization analysis confirmed that all the samples have crystallized into the psuedocubic phase having space group Fd3m and were single phased.The incorporation of transition metals viz.Co^(2+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+)in the Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Al_(2)O_(4)matrix does not result in the appearance of new peaks or any considerable shift in diffraction peaks within the limits of XRD experimentation.This infers homogeneous dispersion of dopants at the Mg-site which is attributed to nearly same ionic radii of the dopants to that of Mg-site in Mg 0:5 Zn0:5 Al 2 O 4.Lattice structure,bonding nature and hence the spinel formation were verified through Raman scattering technique.The compositional verification was carried out via energy dispersive analysis of X-rays(EDAX).The surface morphology and hence the microstructural studies were carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM).The synthesized Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Al_(2)O_(4)(x=0,0.05 and TM=Co,Ni,Cu)aluminate samples were tested for polarization studies keeping their insulating nature into consideration and they displayed a sign of well-behaved P-E loop.展开更多
The preparation of La_(0.9)Na_(0.1)CrO_(3)(LNCO),Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)(NCFO)and their composites of the type e1xT La_(0.9)Na_(0.1)CrO_(3)(LNCO)t(x)Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)(NCFO)ex?0.25,0.50T through solid st...The preparation of La_(0.9)Na_(0.1)CrO_(3)(LNCO),Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)(NCFO)and their composites of the type e1xT La_(0.9)Na_(0.1)CrO_(3)(LNCO)t(x)Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)(NCFO)ex?0.25,0.50T through solid state route is reported.From X-ray diffraction data analysis,the parent La_(0.9)Na_(0.1)CrO_(3)was found to crystallize in orthorhombic structure(Pnma)while Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)has crystallized into the cubic structure(Fd3m)further verified via Retvield refinement.The morphology and compositional studies were carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays(EDAX),respectively.Lattice structure was confirmed via Raman characterization for the prepared samples.The sample formation was further verified through Fourier transform Infra-Red(FTIR)spectroscopy.The dielectric studies reveal the La_(0.9)Na_(0.1)CrO_(3)e13*10^(4)T and Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)e1.83*10^(4)T exhibit high dielectric constant.However,their composites show abrupt drop in dielectric constant.The electric modulus study confirmed that the samples exhibit non-Debye character with spread of relaxation time constants.展开更多
Aurivillius type compound BaBi_(4)Ti_(4)O_(15)(BBT)ceramic was prepared by solid state reaction route and its electrical properties were studied.X-ray diffraction(XRD)pattern showed orthorhombic structure with space g...Aurivillius type compound BaBi_(4)Ti_(4)O_(15)(BBT)ceramic was prepared by solid state reaction route and its electrical properties were studied.X-ray diffraction(XRD)pattern showed orthorhombic structure with space group A21am confirming it to be an m=4 member of the Aurivillius oxide.The scanning electron microscope of the sintered pellet showed a plate-like morphology of grains which is a characteristic feature of the Aurivillius compounds.The temperature and frequency dependence dielectric study showed a shifting of transition temperature with frequency indicating relaxor type behavior in the material.The diffuseness parameter(γ)established the relaxor nature and it was attributed to the A-site cationic disorder.The dielectric relaxation obeyed the VogelFulcher(VF)relation and various parameters like activation energy for relaxation,freezing temperature,relaxation frequency were determined after nonlinear curve fitting.The temperature dependence of dielectric constant at temperatures much higher and lower than Tm was analyzed by two exponential functions,which gives an idea about the production of polar clusters at high temperature and the distribution of freezing temperatures at lower temperature.Various other associated parameters were calculated by nonlinear curve fitting and their significance has been explained.展开更多
文摘Dry powder inhaler Liposomes were prepared to investigate the effectiveness of pulmonary delivery of Colchicine and Budesonide for Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis. Budesonide(BUD) and Colchicine(COL) liposomes were prepared by thin layer film hydration method(TFH) using 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol sodium(DPPG), Hydrogenated Soyaphosphotidylcholine(HSPC), Soyaphosphatidylcholine(SPC), cholesterol(CHOL) and drug in different weight ratios. The optimum lipid composition for BUD(74.22 ± 0.97%) was DPPG:HSPC: CHOL(4:5:1) and for COL(50.94 ± 2.04%) was DPPG: SPC: CHOL(3:6:1). These compositions retained drug for a longer period of time so selected for further study. Liposomes were found to be spherical in shape with mean size below 100 nm. Liposomes lyophilized using Mannitol as carrier and cryoprotectant showed high entrapment efficiency(97.89-98.6%). The powder was dispersed through an Andersen cascade impactor to evaluate the performance of the aerosolized powder. It was found that prepared liposomal dry powder inhaler(DPIs) sustained the drug release up to 24 hours. Optimized Budesonide DPI Formulation B2(86.53 ± 1.9%), Colchicine DPI Formulation C2(90.54 ± 2.3 %) and BUD and COL DPI Combination M2(89.91 ± 1.8%, 91.23 ± 1.9%). Histopathological results, measurements of lung hydroxyproline content, Myeloperoxidase activity indicated that liposomal drypowder inhaler administration attenuates lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Long term stability studies indicated that lyophilised BUD and COL liposomes were stable for 6 months at(25 °C± 2 °C, 60% ± 5% RH) and refrigerated conditions(2-8 °C). These results supported that combination of budesonide and colchicine liposomal dry powder inhaler pulmonary drug delivery for treatment of idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis exhibits prolonged drug retention at targeted site and reduces the systemic exposure.
基金UGC-DAE CSR,as an institute,is acknowledged for extending its facilities and financial assistance(Grant No.:CSRIC/BL-22/CRS-119-2014/269).
文摘CoCr_(2)O_(4)nanoceramics are prepared by sol-gel auto combustion method.Synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis affirms the singlephasepristine cubic structure with space group Fd3m.Debye-Scherrer method estimates the crystallite size of main intense peak tobe~27:15 nm.Prominent bands obtained in infrared spectra at 448 and 599 cm^(-1)are due to metal-oxygen stretching bond presentat tetrahedral and octahedral sites.Dielectric parameters decrease as frequency increases from 103 to 106 Hz that can be interpretedby Maxwell-Wagner-type interfacial polarization.Complex impedance spectra(Nyquist plot)reveal arc like behavior,which ismainly due to intergrain(grain boundary)resistance that also exhibits conducting nature of the nanoceramics.Weak ferroelectricityis mainly associated with the partial reversal of the polarization.Leakage current behavior follows the Ohmic and Child square law.Electron conduction process was interpreted by space-charge limited current(SCLC)mechanism.Leakage current behaviorobserved in cobalt chromite nanoceramics is mainly attributed to the oxygen vacancies.
基金UGC-DAE-CSR,an institute,is acknowledged for extending its facilities and financial assistance(Grant No.CSRIC/BL-22/CRS-119-2014/269).
文摘In the present work,series of Zn ion-doped Ni_(1-x)Zn_(x)Fe_(2)O_(4)(0:0≤x≤0.5)ceramics were prepared by the double sintered solidstate reaction route to find out the influence of Zn2t ions on the crystal structure,lattice structure and dielectric behavior of parent NiFe_(2)O_(4).X-ray diffraction(XRD)study favors that all the prepared compounds belong to the cubic spinel structure.Lattice parameters found to have increasing value with increased Zn^(2+)ion substitution.The Raman scattering measurement discerns optical-active modes with blue shift as the doping increases.The dielectric constant(ε′)and dielectric tangent loss(tanδ)decrease with an increase in frequency and at higher frequency,both become constant.Dielectric parameters observe nonlinear behavior with increasing Zn^(2+)ion substitution.Room temperature dielectric constant of 10%Zn ion-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4)[Ni_(0.9)Zn_(0.1)Fe_(2)O_(4)]is much higher as compared to other prepared ceramics.The room temperature ac conductivity is found to increase with increase in frequency and temperature-dependent ac conductivity increases with increase in temperature.
文摘This paper throws light on the preparation of transition metal-doped Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Al_(2)O_(4)(x=0,0.05 and TM=Co,Ni,Cu)aluminates via solid-state reaction route.The X-ray diffraction characterization analysis confirmed that all the samples have crystallized into the psuedocubic phase having space group Fd3m and were single phased.The incorporation of transition metals viz.Co^(2+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+)in the Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Al_(2)O_(4)matrix does not result in the appearance of new peaks or any considerable shift in diffraction peaks within the limits of XRD experimentation.This infers homogeneous dispersion of dopants at the Mg-site which is attributed to nearly same ionic radii of the dopants to that of Mg-site in Mg 0:5 Zn0:5 Al 2 O 4.Lattice structure,bonding nature and hence the spinel formation were verified through Raman scattering technique.The compositional verification was carried out via energy dispersive analysis of X-rays(EDAX).The surface morphology and hence the microstructural studies were carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM).The synthesized Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Al_(2)O_(4)(x=0,0.05 and TM=Co,Ni,Cu)aluminate samples were tested for polarization studies keeping their insulating nature into consideration and they displayed a sign of well-behaved P-E loop.
文摘The preparation of La_(0.9)Na_(0.1)CrO_(3)(LNCO),Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)(NCFO)and their composites of the type e1xT La_(0.9)Na_(0.1)CrO_(3)(LNCO)t(x)Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)(NCFO)ex?0.25,0.50T through solid state route is reported.From X-ray diffraction data analysis,the parent La_(0.9)Na_(0.1)CrO_(3)was found to crystallize in orthorhombic structure(Pnma)while Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)has crystallized into the cubic structure(Fd3m)further verified via Retvield refinement.The morphology and compositional studies were carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays(EDAX),respectively.Lattice structure was confirmed via Raman characterization for the prepared samples.The sample formation was further verified through Fourier transform Infra-Red(FTIR)spectroscopy.The dielectric studies reveal the La_(0.9)Na_(0.1)CrO_(3)e13*10^(4)T and Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)Fe_(2)O_(4)e1.83*10^(4)T exhibit high dielectric constant.However,their composites show abrupt drop in dielectric constant.The electric modulus study confirmed that the samples exhibit non-Debye character with spread of relaxation time constants.
文摘Aurivillius type compound BaBi_(4)Ti_(4)O_(15)(BBT)ceramic was prepared by solid state reaction route and its electrical properties were studied.X-ray diffraction(XRD)pattern showed orthorhombic structure with space group A21am confirming it to be an m=4 member of the Aurivillius oxide.The scanning electron microscope of the sintered pellet showed a plate-like morphology of grains which is a characteristic feature of the Aurivillius compounds.The temperature and frequency dependence dielectric study showed a shifting of transition temperature with frequency indicating relaxor type behavior in the material.The diffuseness parameter(γ)established the relaxor nature and it was attributed to the A-site cationic disorder.The dielectric relaxation obeyed the VogelFulcher(VF)relation and various parameters like activation energy for relaxation,freezing temperature,relaxation frequency were determined after nonlinear curve fitting.The temperature dependence of dielectric constant at temperatures much higher and lower than Tm was analyzed by two exponential functions,which gives an idea about the production of polar clusters at high temperature and the distribution of freezing temperatures at lower temperature.Various other associated parameters were calculated by nonlinear curve fitting and their significance has been explained.
