In this paper, the coupled thermo-mechanical （TM） processes in the AEspoe Pillar Stability Experiment （APSE） carried out by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company （SKB） were simulated using both c...In this paper, the coupled thermo-mechanical （TM） processes in the AEspoe Pillar Stability Experiment （APSE） carried out by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company （SKB） were simulated using both continuum and discontinuum based numerical methods. Two-dimensional （2D） and three- dimensional （3D） finite element method （FEM） and 2D distinct element method （DEM） with particles were used. The main objective for the large scale in situ experiment is to investigate the yielding strength of crystalline rock and the formation of the excavation disturbed/damaged zone （EDZ） during excavation of two boreholes, pressurizing of one of the boreholes and heating. For the DEM simulations, the heat flow algorithm was newly introduced into the original code. The calculated stress, displacement and temperature distributions were compared with the ones obtained from in situ measurements and FEM simulations. A parametric study for initial microcracks was also performed to reproduce the spalling phenomena observed in the APSE.展开更多
介绍新型1.2 L 3缸HR12DDR型汽油机,其开发目标是达到欧洲B级车市场最低的二氧化碳排放,并通过优异的动力输出性能来满足用户的驾驶乐趣。同时,该汽油机的开发目的也是为了满足日趋收紧的法规要求,以及将来取代轿车柴油机。2011年,该汽...介绍新型1.2 L 3缸HR12DDR型汽油机,其开发目标是达到欧洲B级车市场最低的二氧化碳排放,并通过优异的动力输出性能来满足用户的驾驶乐趣。同时,该汽油机的开发目的也是为了满足日趋收紧的法规要求,以及将来取代轿车柴油机。2011年,该汽油机已被应用在日产汽车欧洲市场的Micra车型上,达到了新欧洲行驶循环的二氧化碳排放限值95 g/km。为了降低燃油消耗率,通过提高压缩比,最大限度地提高热效率,并尽可能降低机械摩擦损失。通过汽油直接喷射系统优化燃烧。选择带有旁通阀和电磁离合器的机械增压系统,在不牺牲动力性的前提下实现更好的燃油经济性。详细介绍了HR12DDR型汽油机及其应用的技术亮点。展开更多
基金conducted within the context of the international DECOVALEX Project (DEvelopment of COupled models and their VALidation against EXperiments)financed by Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) who was also one of the Funding Organizations of the projectChrister Anders-son from Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co.(SKB),Sweden
文摘In this paper, the coupled thermo-mechanical （TM） processes in the AEspoe Pillar Stability Experiment （APSE） carried out by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company （SKB） were simulated using both continuum and discontinuum based numerical methods. Two-dimensional （2D） and three- dimensional （3D） finite element method （FEM） and 2D distinct element method （DEM） with particles were used. The main objective for the large scale in situ experiment is to investigate the yielding strength of crystalline rock and the formation of the excavation disturbed/damaged zone （EDZ） during excavation of two boreholes, pressurizing of one of the boreholes and heating. For the DEM simulations, the heat flow algorithm was newly introduced into the original code. The calculated stress, displacement and temperature distributions were compared with the ones obtained from in situ measurements and FEM simulations. A parametric study for initial microcracks was also performed to reproduce the spalling phenomena observed in the APSE.
文摘介绍新型1.2 L 3缸HR12DDR型汽油机,其开发目标是达到欧洲B级车市场最低的二氧化碳排放,并通过优异的动力输出性能来满足用户的驾驶乐趣。同时,该汽油机的开发目的也是为了满足日趋收紧的法规要求,以及将来取代轿车柴油机。2011年,该汽油机已被应用在日产汽车欧洲市场的Micra车型上,达到了新欧洲行驶循环的二氧化碳排放限值95 g/km。为了降低燃油消耗率,通过提高压缩比,最大限度地提高热效率,并尽可能降低机械摩擦损失。通过汽油直接喷射系统优化燃烧。选择带有旁通阀和电磁离合器的机械增压系统,在不牺牲动力性的前提下实现更好的燃油经济性。详细介绍了HR12DDR型汽油机及其应用的技术亮点。
