Introduction: Unconjugated bilirubin jaundice is a common symptom in neonatal period. In some babies, excessive serum bilirubin concentrations can place them at risk of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (BE) when the unc...Introduction: Unconjugated bilirubin jaundice is a common symptom in neonatal period. In some babies, excessive serum bilirubin concentrations can place them at risk of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (BE) when the unconjugated pigment crosses the blood-brain barrier. Our study aimed to describe epidemiology, diagnosis and prognosis of BE at the Neonatology Department of Albert Royer Children’s Hospital of Dakar. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective, descriptive study of cases of BE from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2019. Obstetric and perinatal data as well as postnatal jaundice data (onset time, associated signs, signs of encephalopathy, treatment and evolution) were collected and analyzed by SPSS software version 2.0. Almost all newborns (27 cases;90%) were exclusively breastfed. At admission, all children exhibited blunt jaundice and signs of encephalopathy dominated by the abolition of archaic reflexes (76.7%), low suction (22 cases;73.3%), central apnea (12 cases, 40%). The mean serum bilirubinemia was 322 mg/litre. Neonatal infection (10 cases;33.3%) and fetal-maternal incompatibility (16 cases;53.3%) were the main causes. All children received intensive phototherapy and exsanguino transfusion was performed for 7 newborns (23.3%). Nine children died (30% mortality rate). Conclusion: Only better organisation of perinatal care with enhanced postnatal follow-up can reduce the incidence of EB.展开更多
Introduction:?Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive diseases characterized by enzymatic deficiencies in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids. The most common 21-hydroxylase deficiency ...Introduction:?Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive diseases characterized by enzymatic deficiencies in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids. The most common 21-hydroxylase deficiency is characterized by a cortisol deficiency and an excess of androgens, with or without aldosterone deficiency. In our countries, in the absence of neonatal screening, the diagnosis is most often late leading to life-threatening complications. The aim of this study was to describe the diagnostic features of CAH at the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital (ARNCH) in Dakar.?Patients and method:?We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study carried out at the pediatric endocrinology department of ARNCH from 2015 to 2019. All children aged under 15 with a form of CAH were included. Socio-demographic data, family history, clinical and biochemical data at presentation were collected. Patients were noted as presenting with Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD) with dehydration, DSD without dehydration, dehydration without DSD, precocious puberty. The Prader’s scale was used to determine the degree of external virilization. These data were entered and analyzed with Epi Info version 7.2.?Results:?A total of 32 patients were included, representing 74.41% of the causes of disorder of sexual development (DSD) and 84.21% of the causes of adrenal insufficiency. These were 27 girls (84.37%) and 5 boys (15.63%). The mean age was 19 ± 34.6 months. DSD was the main finding (87.5%). It was associated with dehydration in 22 cases (68.75%). 21-hydroxylase deficiency represented 93.75% of the cases with salt wasting in 73.33% of the cases.?Conclusion:?The diagnosis of CAH was delayed leading to life-threatening adrenal crises. In the absence of neonatal screening for CAH in Senegal, there is a need to train healthcare workers to recognize neonates with DSD early and refer them timeously for specialist care.展开更多
Africa is the world region that is most affected by malaria. Among the therapies used, injectable quinine is considered to be one of the effective antimalarial drug, however non-quality assured antimalarials clearly h...Africa is the world region that is most affected by malaria. Among the therapies used, injectable quinine is considered to be one of the effective antimalarial drug, however non-quality assured antimalarials clearly have a strong market penetration across Africa. To overcome this problem, it becomes more and more necessary to set up quantitative and qualitative analysis system for antimalarial quality control. The objective of the present investigation is an attempt to use customized multispectral microscope equipped with UV-Visible lasers for injectable quinine quality assurance control routinely. For that, we have established the calibration curve of quinine solution concentration as a function of area under light intensity histogram crossing the solution. From this calibration curve, we can check the conformity of any injectable quinine according to the pharmacopoeia involved. The proposed technique is a promising alternative for drug quality control routinely.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Unconjugated bilirubin jaundice is a common symptom in neonatal period. In some babies, excessive serum bilirubin concentrations can place them at risk of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (BE) when the unconjugated pigment crosses the blood-brain barrier. Our study aimed to describe epidemiology, diagnosis and prognosis of BE at the Neonatology Department of Albert Royer Children’s Hospital of Dakar. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective, descriptive study of cases of BE from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2019. Obstetric and perinatal data as well as postnatal jaundice data (onset time, associated signs, signs of encephalopathy, treatment and evolution) were collected and analyzed by SPSS software version 2.0. Almost all newborns (27 cases;90%) were exclusively breastfed. At admission, all children exhibited blunt jaundice and signs of encephalopathy dominated by the abolition of archaic reflexes (76.7%), low suction (22 cases;73.3%), central apnea (12 cases, 40%). The mean serum bilirubinemia was 322 mg/litre. Neonatal infection (10 cases;33.3%) and fetal-maternal incompatibility (16 cases;53.3%) were the main causes. All children received intensive phototherapy and exsanguino transfusion was performed for 7 newborns (23.3%). Nine children died (30% mortality rate). Conclusion: Only better organisation of perinatal care with enhanced postnatal follow-up can reduce the incidence of EB.
文摘Introduction:?Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive diseases characterized by enzymatic deficiencies in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids. The most common 21-hydroxylase deficiency is characterized by a cortisol deficiency and an excess of androgens, with or without aldosterone deficiency. In our countries, in the absence of neonatal screening, the diagnosis is most often late leading to life-threatening complications. The aim of this study was to describe the diagnostic features of CAH at the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital (ARNCH) in Dakar.?Patients and method:?We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study carried out at the pediatric endocrinology department of ARNCH from 2015 to 2019. All children aged under 15 with a form of CAH were included. Socio-demographic data, family history, clinical and biochemical data at presentation were collected. Patients were noted as presenting with Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD) with dehydration, DSD without dehydration, dehydration without DSD, precocious puberty. The Prader’s scale was used to determine the degree of external virilization. These data were entered and analyzed with Epi Info version 7.2.?Results:?A total of 32 patients were included, representing 74.41% of the causes of disorder of sexual development (DSD) and 84.21% of the causes of adrenal insufficiency. These were 27 girls (84.37%) and 5 boys (15.63%). The mean age was 19 ± 34.6 months. DSD was the main finding (87.5%). It was associated with dehydration in 22 cases (68.75%). 21-hydroxylase deficiency represented 93.75% of the cases with salt wasting in 73.33% of the cases.?Conclusion:?The diagnosis of CAH was delayed leading to life-threatening adrenal crises. In the absence of neonatal screening for CAH in Senegal, there is a need to train healthcare workers to recognize neonates with DSD early and refer them timeously for specialist care.
文摘Africa is the world region that is most affected by malaria. Among the therapies used, injectable quinine is considered to be one of the effective antimalarial drug, however non-quality assured antimalarials clearly have a strong market penetration across Africa. To overcome this problem, it becomes more and more necessary to set up quantitative and qualitative analysis system for antimalarial quality control. The objective of the present investigation is an attempt to use customized multispectral microscope equipped with UV-Visible lasers for injectable quinine quality assurance control routinely. For that, we have established the calibration curve of quinine solution concentration as a function of area under light intensity histogram crossing the solution. From this calibration curve, we can check the conformity of any injectable quinine according to the pharmacopoeia involved. The proposed technique is a promising alternative for drug quality control routinely.
