In this research, new thin film of a free standing electrolyte film containing poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC), 50% liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR50), Ethylene carbonate (EC) blends as a host for the electrolyte wh...In this research, new thin film of a free standing electrolyte film containing poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC), 50% liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR50), Ethylene carbonate (EC) blends as a host for the electrolyte which was doped with lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as the dopant salt was successfully prepared with solution casting technique. The polymer electrolyte of PVC-LENR50-EC-LiClO4 was characterized using impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). From the EIS results shows that electrolyte exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 2.1 × 10–7 S●cm–1 at the 30 wt.% of LiClO4. The ionic conductivity result was supported by the morphological studies which revealed the good homogeneity of the PVC-LENR50-EC blends as no phase separation was observed. The smooth surface can ease the mobility of ions in the system complexes. In addition, the formation of micro-pores by introducing lithium salts to the electrolyte also improved the transportation properties of L+ ions in the electrolyte system and hence improving its ionic conductivity. The features of complexation of the electrolytes were studied by ATR-FTIR.展开更多
We proposed an enhanced Reach Extender (RE) called Active Co-existence (ACEX) and investigate its performance with respect to XGS-PON system that co-exist with GPON and TWDM-PON system. The RE is consists of hybrid op...We proposed an enhanced Reach Extender (RE) called Active Co-existence (ACEX) and investigate its performance with respect to XGS-PON system that co-exist with GPON and TWDM-PON system. The RE is consists of hybrid optical amplifier integrated (EDFA and SOA) with Co-existence Element (CEX) module which is installed at the Central Office (CO) together with the OLT system and act as a booster and pre-amplifier for the downstream and upstream optical signal respectively. The results show that the proposed ACEX is capable to support XGS-PON operation for a maximum distance of 35 km with 128 splitting ratio and up to 44 dB link loss.展开更多
The boundary layer flow and heat transfer analysis of an incompressible viscous fluid for a hyperbolically stretching sheet is presented. The analytical and numer- ical results are obtained by a series expansion metho...The boundary layer flow and heat transfer analysis of an incompressible viscous fluid for a hyperbolically stretching sheet is presented. The analytical and numer- ical results are obtained by a series expansion method and a local non-similarity （LNS） method, respectively. The analytical and numerical results for the skin friction and the Nusselt number are calculated and compared with each other. The significant observation is that the momentum and the thermal boundary layer thickness decrease as the distance from the leading edge increases. The well-known solution of linear stretching is found as the leading order solution for the hyperbolic stretching.展开更多
Various measures of event-by-event net charge and charge ratio fluctuations in pp and AA collisions at RHIC and LHC energies are studied using the different Monte Carlo generators: URQMD, HIJING and HIJING/ and the re...Various measures of event-by-event net charge and charge ratio fluctuations in pp and AA collisions at RHIC and LHC energies are studied using the different Monte Carlo generators: URQMD, HIJING and HIJING/ and the results are compared with the predictions for the independent emission, hadron gas and QGP phase. Values of the D-measures are observed to exhibit significant energy dependence for both pp and AA data. Furthermore, there is essentially no significant difference in the values of the D-measures predicted by the various Monte Carlo codes used in the present study. A slight centrality dependence of the D-measures in terms of net charge fluctuations is observed in the case of Au-Au data at 200A GeV/c. These findings, thus, suggest that a difference in the D-measures for pp and AA collisions either the re-scattering effect plays a predominant role or there might be some new physics present in these collisions.展开更多
文摘In this research, new thin film of a free standing electrolyte film containing poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC), 50% liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR50), Ethylene carbonate (EC) blends as a host for the electrolyte which was doped with lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as the dopant salt was successfully prepared with solution casting technique. The polymer electrolyte of PVC-LENR50-EC-LiClO4 was characterized using impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). From the EIS results shows that electrolyte exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 2.1 × 10–7 S●cm–1 at the 30 wt.% of LiClO4. The ionic conductivity result was supported by the morphological studies which revealed the good homogeneity of the PVC-LENR50-EC blends as no phase separation was observed. The smooth surface can ease the mobility of ions in the system complexes. In addition, the formation of micro-pores by introducing lithium salts to the electrolyte also improved the transportation properties of L+ ions in the electrolyte system and hence improving its ionic conductivity. The features of complexation of the electrolytes were studied by ATR-FTIR.
文摘We proposed an enhanced Reach Extender (RE) called Active Co-existence (ACEX) and investigate its performance with respect to XGS-PON system that co-exist with GPON and TWDM-PON system. The RE is consists of hybrid optical amplifier integrated (EDFA and SOA) with Co-existence Element (CEX) module which is installed at the Central Office (CO) together with the OLT system and act as a booster and pre-amplifier for the downstream and upstream optical signal respectively. The results show that the proposed ACEX is capable to support XGS-PON operation for a maximum distance of 35 km with 128 splitting ratio and up to 44 dB link loss.
基金supported by the CIIT Research Grant Program of COMSATS Institute of Information Technology of Pakistan (No. 16-69/CRGP/CIIT/IBD/10/711)
文摘The boundary layer flow and heat transfer analysis of an incompressible viscous fluid for a hyperbolically stretching sheet is presented. The analytical and numer- ical results are obtained by a series expansion method and a local non-similarity （LNS） method, respectively. The analytical and numerical results for the skin friction and the Nusselt number are calculated and compared with each other. The significant observation is that the momentum and the thermal boundary layer thickness decrease as the distance from the leading edge increases. The well-known solution of linear stretching is found as the leading order solution for the hyperbolic stretching.
文摘Various measures of event-by-event net charge and charge ratio fluctuations in pp and AA collisions at RHIC and LHC energies are studied using the different Monte Carlo generators: URQMD, HIJING and HIJING/ and the results are compared with the predictions for the independent emission, hadron gas and QGP phase. Values of the D-measures are observed to exhibit significant energy dependence for both pp and AA data. Furthermore, there is essentially no significant difference in the values of the D-measures predicted by the various Monte Carlo codes used in the present study. A slight centrality dependence of the D-measures in terms of net charge fluctuations is observed in the case of Au-Au data at 200A GeV/c. These findings, thus, suggest that a difference in the D-measures for pp and AA collisions either the re-scattering effect plays a predominant role or there might be some new physics present in these collisions.
